Journals
2026 EN
Leider Julien · Simon Jeremiah · Tully Jamie
+3 more
ABSTRACT Background School health and wellness‐related policies are associated with improvements in student health, but implementation varies. A Healthy Chicago Public Schools (CPS) Network Specialist position was developed to support policy implementation in one of 13 CPS elementary/middle school networks. This quasi‐experimental study examines the impact of a Specialist position on student academic performance. Methods Self‐reported grades were obtained from 2021 to 2023 middle school Youth Risk Behavior Survey data ( N = 3651). Grade point averages (GPAs) for Grade 6–8 students were obtained from administrative data for the 2018–2019 and 2022–2023 school years ( N = 12,409). Difference‐in‐differences models were computed comparing changes in the network receiving Specialist supports and a comparison network. Results The Specialist positively impacted self‐reported grades (adjusted odds ratio: 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–4.42), with the adjusted prevalence of students earning mostly As or Bs increasing in the intervention network (75.08%–78.22%) while declining in the comparison network (84.40%–74.47%). Student GPAs showed a marginal trend toward improvement (coefficient: 0.15; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.31, p = 0.07). Implications District‐level health and wellness policy implementation navigators can further schools' academic mission, supporting adoption of similar positions in other districts. Conclusions Supports to schools to aid implementation of health and wellness‐related policies can benefit student academic performance.
Journals
2026 EN
TorresResto Mónica · Reyes Luis Rodriguez · Mercado Fernando
+1 more
ABSTRACT Introduction Puerto Rico has a higher prevalence of oral diseases compared to the U.S., underscoring the urgent need for preventive measures beyond the dentist's office. In response, the Puerto Rico Oral Health Coalition (PR‐OHC) adopted a collaborative approach, bringing together public and private stakeholders to promote oral health across the archipelago. Objective This article showcases the impact of PR‐OHC's efforts in reducing oral health disparities, promoting preventive services for children, and improving access to care by implementing Law No. 63‐2017 and the Oral Exam Certificate (OEC) Program. Methods PR‐OCH analyzed oral health needs and formulated a mission that included identifying disparities, expanding preventive services, and advocating for evidence‐based public health policies. Efforts culminated in legislative action, elevating oral health as a public health issue. The law tasked the Department of Health with the implementation and tracking of an obligatory OEC for students in public and private schools. Results The law's implementation resulted in increased preventive dental visits among 1 to 16‐year‐old children who are beneficiaries of the Government Health Plan (Medicaid funds), the creation of an available and adequate oral health education delivery system, collaborative policy initiatives, and collaborations among stakeholders. After 7 years, 357,867 OEC's have been submitted. Conclusion PR‐OHC's initiatives tackled oral health disparities by promoting routine exams—ensuring early detection, prevention, and treatment—and highlighting the importance of dental homes among school‐aged children. The Coalition remains actively engaged in advocating for this policy and maintains a leadership role in advancing oral health, fostering interagency collaboration, and improving access for underserved communities.
Journals
2026 EN
Oyeyemi Toyese · Owen Candace L. H. · Anderson Sadiyah
+1 more
ABSTRACT Objectives This article examines how dental education and workforce development can be leveraged to advance health equity in oral health. Persistent disparities in access to dental care, particularly in underserved areas, highlight the urgency of transforming public health dentistry. The concept of social mission provides a framework to align institutional strategies with equitable outcomes. Methods This article synthesizes data on dental workforce composition, enrollment trends, and representative case examples from U.S. dental schools. It reviews how dental education institutions have implemented comprehensive programs to diversify the workforce and improve care delivery in socioeconomically deprived communities. Results Despite incremental increases in enrollment of learners from underrepresented communities in healthcare, the dental workforce remains insufficiently diverse relative to population demographics. Schools/programs integrating admissions reforms, community‐based training, socially accountable leadership, inclusive environments for faculty and students, and culturally responsive curricula demonstrated measurable outcomes, including increased provider representation in underserved areas and improved patient engagement. However, recent shifts in legislative policy have already been associated with threats to social mission areas in some programs, such as declining school diversity. Conclusions Transforming public health dentistry requires intentional strategies that embed social mission into the core functions of dental schools. Institutional leadership, innovative partnerships, and policy advocacy are critical to building a workforce capable of addressing structural inequities in oral health. Comprehensive, data‐driven approaches can guide institutional progress toward more equitable dental care access and outcomes through the power of dental education reform.
Journals
2026 EN
Tahara Rui · Hatakeda Kentaro · Nishimura Masahiro
+32 more
Abstract NASA's OSIRIS‐REx mission successfully collected and returned ~121.6 g of bulk samples from the B‐type, near‐Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu to Earth in September 2023. Upon returning to Earth, the samples were transported to the NASA Johnson Space Center where most of the samples have been stored and processed. On August 22, 2024, 0.5 wt% of Bennu samples (0.663 g) and a contact pad that collected particles from the surface of Bennu were permanently transferred to JAXA from NASA based on a Memorandum of Understanding and a letter of agreement between the two agencies. Following this, all the Bennu samples have been curated under nitrogen‐purged gloveboxes, called clean chambers in a clean room at the Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center in Sagamihara. While maintaining the pristinity of samples at the curation, we conduct a series of nondestructive analyses, including near‐infrared spectroscopy within the clean chambers. Bennu curation was conceptualized primarily based on the Hayabusa2 curation, whereas lessons learned from the Hayabusa2 curation were integrated into designing Bennu curation. Here, we describe preparations for the Bennu curation, with an emphasis on the differences from the Hayabusa2 curation.
Journals
2026 EN
Fukai Ryota · Nishimura Masahiro · Yumoto Koki
+30 more
Abstract Analyzing primitive extraterrestrial samples from asteroids is key to understanding the evolution of the early solar system. The OSIRIS‐REx mission returned samples from the B‐type asteroid Bennu, providing a valuable opportunity to compare them with the Ryugu samples collected by the Hayabusa2 mission. This study examines the representativeness of a fraction of the Bennu samples, which was allocated from NASA to JAXA, by nondestructive characterization of their physical and spectral properties without atmospheric exposure. The reflectance and observed spectral features in the visible‐to‐infrared range of the Bennu sample resemble those from the spectroscopic analysis of different fractions. Additionally, we found differences in the slope of the visible range and band‐center of ~2.7 μm band between the samples and the asteroid surface, which could be explained by the degree of space weathering. A comparative analysis of the Bennu and Ryugu samples revealed spectral similarities, including absorption features indicative of Mg‐rich phyllosilicates, organics, and carbonates, without any evidence of sampling bias or terrestrial alteration. This finding can be used as a benchmark for subsequent Ryugu–Bennu comparative studies.
Journals
2026 EN
Conconi Roberto · Leroux Hugues · Marinova Maya
+7 more
Abstract Samples returned from asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission are dominated by fine‐grained matrix material made of phyllosilicates and nanosulfides. Here, we report the mineralogical, textural, and chemical characteristics of nanosulfide‐rich regions identified in Ryugu particles. High‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reveal nanoscale heterogeneities in sulfide composition and morphology, indicating formation under variable conditions. Nanosulfide‐rich regions are dominated by the presence of mackinawite (FeS) and pyrrhotite (Fe 1‐ x S), in different proportions. Mackinawite, identified for the first time in Ryugu, occurs as well‐crystallized lamellar crystals with some areas containing greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) and others showing signs of oxidation. In contrast, pyrrhotite appears either as euhedral nanocrystals or as structurally complex grains composed of stacked platy segments, which are characterized by numerous defects, including inclusions and planar defects. The distribution and associations of these phases are consistent with low‐temperature aqueous alteration under alkaline and reducing conditions, likely occurring in Ryugu's parent body. The presence of mackinawite implies complex thermodynamic and kinetic constraints and suggests the presence of localized fluids in which Fe concentrations exceeded those of S by an order of magnitude.
Journals
2026 EN
Burchell M. J. · Ogliore R. C. · Wozniakiewicz P. J.
Abstract The desire to sample material from the interior of Io, by flying through its volcanic plumes, requires consideration of the flyby speed and the types of sample collection techniques that can be utilized. Low speed collection (1–2.5 km s −1 ) would require an orbit around Io itself, which is unlikely due to the accumulated radiation dose that would be experienced. Moderate collection speeds (7–9 km s −1 ) are possible for flybys of Io arising from either a single passage through the Jovian system (followed by sample return) or a carefully selected orbit around Jupiter that has the main purpose of visiting Io. However, even if they include an Io close passage, most Jovian mission orbit concepts also include and even prioritize other science objectives, resulting in orbits with Io collection speeds of around 17–19 km s −1 (or greater). Depending on the speed and collector material, the peak shock pressures during collection may thus range from 5 to hundreds of GPa for impacts on solid, nonporous media, with pressures from 0.01 to 5 GPa for impacts on low‐density aerogels. These shock pressures are calculated herein for a range of Io encounter speeds and collector types, and the degree of sample capture and impact processing are estimated. While capture of material is shown to be possible at speeds up to 10 km s −1 , permitting both in situ analysis or sample return to Earth, above these speeds retention of significant amounts of unvaporized material in a collector is not viable.
Journals
2026 EN
Seifert Laura B. · Erickson T. M. · Keller L. P.
+8 more
Abstract Calcium phosphates are ubiquitous in planetary materials, including samples returned from asteroid Bennu by the OSIRIS‐REx mission. We characterized apatite [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F,Cl,OH)] grains in Bennu samples by scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate their compositions, mineral associations, and microstructures. We find that Bennu apatite is halogen‐poor, consistent with a composition of hydroxyapatite, and can be separated into two main structural types: single crystals, which often exhibit etched crystal faces, and anhedral polycrystalline assemblages. Both types exhibit zoning in cathodoluminescence imaging that results from incorporation of trace Mn 2+ and rare earth elements into the apatite structure during crystal growth. Transmission electron microscopy of a single phosphate crystal and a polycrystalline assemblage reveals close association between apatite and phyllosilicates in the surrounding matrix. Phyllosilicates are either oriented parallel to intact apatite crystal facets or radiating from altered crystal faces. We interpret that single crystals with or without etched crystal faces are among the least aqueously altered of the observed apatites, whereas polycrystalline assemblages exhibiting a porous texture, consistent with successive dissolution–reprecipitation reactions, represent assemblages that experienced more extensive aqueous alteration. These microstructural data suggest that several stages of aqueous alteration likely occurred on Bennu's parent body, leading to the mineral assemblages observed here.
Journals
2026 EN
Kelly Kimberly
ABSTRACT Context Previous studies of crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) in the United States focused on clients who sought out CPCs for parenting resources. In contrast, this study focuses on the experiences of those who had already decided on abortion and describes how they avoided or selectively engaged with CPCs prior to obtaining abortion care. Methods I draw upon interviews with 16 abortion patients in Mississippi from June 2021 to March 2022. I recruited participants from social media and through Mississippi's lone abortion clinic. The semi‐structured interviews focused on participants who were aware of CPCs' antiabortion mission at the time of the interview and why they avoided or engaged with these centers prior to their abortions. I analyzed transcripts for themes related to participants' experiences with CPCs. Results Participants described different strategies for interacting with CPCs, including deliberate avoidance based on prior knowledge of CPCs' antiabortion stance and strategic engagement to access ultrasounds or emotional support. Some participants interpreted stigmatizing practices as care, while others reported misinformation, deception, and attempted stigmatization that they explicitly resisted. Conclusion While CPCs remain a challenge to reproductive autonomy, many clients, including abortion patients, successfully bypassed or managed their CPC experiences in ways they found beneficial while circumventing CPCs' goals.
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Journals
2026 EN
Islam Md Sahidul · Nathan Hippu Salk Kristle
ABSTRACT Policymaking in India is mostly top‐down and lacks an inclusive approach, often leading to failure. The country's agricultural sector policy is no exception. In this paper, we studied the Odisha Millets Mission (OMM), which is credited for its multi‐stakeholder involvement (government, academia, and civil society) and end‐to‐end design (from production to consumption of millets). We discussed the existing theories, approaches, and frameworks, which we found to be limited in providing desirable elements of effective public policy justifying the need for a new framework. Toward this, we have proposed the GAME (policy Goals, policy Actors, policy Measures, and policy Ends) framework and identified such desirable elements by taking evidence from the OMM. We first looked into the potential of millet as a sustainable food system and its suitability for the state of Odisha, which has drifted away from millet because of the changing food and policy preferences. We employed exploratory qualitative methods: in‐depth interviews with key informants, non‐participant observations, and focused group discussions with millet farmers, and analyzed secondary information to understand lived experiences of the stakeholders in rolling out the OMM. Through an inductive approach and thematic analysis, we identified 24 good elements of effective public policy that collectively contributed to the OMM's success and organized these elements under the proposed GAME framework. The study contributes to emerging trends of multistakeholder policy design by offering a comprehensive framework with a reasonable number of desirable elements. This can significantly aid in analyzing public policy in different domains to assess its effectiveness.