New Insights of Ferroelectric Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 Thin Films Properties Under Cryogenic Temperatures in Integrated Ferroelectric Capacitors

ABSTRACT This study offers new insights into the ferroelectric (FE) properties of hafnia‐zirconia (HZO)‐based capacitors across a wide temperature range‐ from room temperature (RT) to cryogenic conditions (40 K)‐ through advanced characterization techniques. A reversal polarization method is introduced to isolate the polarization arising exclusively from ferroelectric domain switching, eliminating back‐switching and dielectric contributions. We show that, in a pristine state, remanent polarization increases at low temperature due solely to a reduction in back‐switching currents, while reversal polarization is enhanced at higher temperatures due to thermally‐activated depinning of FE domains. Synchrotron GIWAXS measurement reveals no detectable phase transition in HZO thin film down to 93 K, despite a reduction in the dielectric constant. The observed modifications in hysteresis loop shape and transient current are attributed to a two‐step switching mechanism described by Landau‐Ginzburg‐Devonshire (LGD) theory, which supports the stabilization of polar phases at low temperature. Finally, the suppression of the wake‐up effect at cryogenic temperatures is attributed to reduced charge trapping and/or limited oxygen vacancy redistribution within the HZO layer, highlighting the potential of ferroelectric memory for low‐temperature applications.

New Insights of Ferroelectric Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 Thin Films Properties Under Cryogenic Temperatures in Integrated Ferroelectric Capacitors (Adv. Phys. Res. 2/2026)

Low‐Temperature Ferroelectric Properties in HZO Capacitors The study by Flavien Berthaud and co‐workers highlights the potential of HZO ferroelectric capacitors for low‐temperature applications. A new electrical characterization method to isolate domain switching is presented in Research Article e00127 ; it reveals a two step switching mechanism that causes the pinched hysteresis at room temperature.

Shaping the human face: Periosteal bone modeling across ontogeny

Abstract Facial morphology is a defining aspect of Homo sapiens that distinguishes our species from fossil ancestors and plays a central role in estimating age, sex, and ancestry in both past and present populations. Understanding how the face develops during postnatal ontogeny is essential for interpreting adult facial variation. Periosteal bone modeling (i.e., patterns of resorption and formation) provides direct evidence of bone growth activity underlying morphological variation. This study quantifies periosteal bone modeling in a cross‐sectional ontogenetic sample of individuals ranging from birth to adulthood from three geographical populations: Western Europe, Greenland, and South Africa. Epoxy replicas were analyzed using digital microscopy to quantify bone resorption, and digital maps of the bone modeling patterns were created for each facial region—brow ridge, zygomatic, maxilla, and mandible—and projected onto three‐dimensional surface models. In parallel, geometric morphometric and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate ontogenetic patterns. Results highlight a consistent sequence of resorption and deposition during human ontogeny and a strong pattern of covariation between bone modeling and shape for most facial regions. The face is largely resorptive from early ontogeny, with deposition increasing with age; the maxilla is significantly more resorptive than other facial regions. Greater resorption in the midface corresponds to significant facial growth and development in early ontogeny, and a developmental shift around adolescence marks the transition from primarily downward to more forward‐oriented growth. Overall, the combined approach underscores the developmental coordination of the face and suggests that the human facial growth pattern reflects the need to maintain a non‐projecting face from birth on.

American College of Rheumatology Guidance Statement for Diagnosis and Management of VEXAS Developed by the International VEXAS Working Group Expert Panel

Objective Vacuoles E1 enzyme X‐linked autoinflammatory somatic syndrome (VEXAS) is a recently identified rare genetic disorder associated with somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene. VEXAS presents with a combination of inflammatory and hematologic manifestations, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Methods Given the variability in disease presentation and the limited number of studies to date, no clinical documents currently exist to provide guidance to health care providers about the management of VEXAS. To address this gap, we formed an international multidisciplinary panel of VEXAS experts. Results Through formalized meetings and a voting process, the group developed consensus clinical guidance considerations for the management of VEXAS. These considerations offer practical advice on several key topics: (1) clinical features of VEXAS, (2) UBA1 screening methods, (3) the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) in patients with VEXAS, and (4) prognosis and management. The aim is to provide expert guidance on which patients to test, how to test for VEXAS, how to approach MDS in the context of VEXAS, and considerations for management. Conclusion This work marks the first formal international consensus guidance for VEXAS and is intended to be used as a resource for clinicians seeking to understand the disease and its management.

Familial Aggregation in Psoriatic Arthritis: Phenotypic Differences in Patients With and Without a Family History of Psoriatic Disease

Objective Although up to 45% of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a family history of psoriatic disease, it is unclear whether this family history contributes to a distinct PsA phenotype and/or the timing of disease onset. We aimed to identify differences in onset, domain involvement, and disease activity based on family history of psoriatic disease. Methods A total of 843 patients with PsA were enrolled in an observational, longitudinal registry. Demographics, medical history, family history, and psoriatic phenotype and activity were collected. Results Of the total, 379 patients (45.0%) had at least one first‐degree relative (FDR) or second‐degree relative (SDR) with psoriatic disease. Those with a family history developed psoriasis and PsA earlier than those with no family history (psoriasis: mean 27.6 vs 32.2 years [ P < 0.01]; PsA: mean 37.6 years vs 40.3 years [ P < 0.01]) and were more likely to have entheseal involvement (36.7% vs 30.0%; P < 0.05). Patients with an FDR or SDR with PsA were diagnosed with psoriasis and PsA earlier than those with an FDR or SDR with psoriasis alone, followed by those with no family history (psoriasis: mean 26.3 vs 27.8 vs 32.2 years, respectively [ P < 0.01]; PsA: mean 36.5 vs 37.9 vs 40.3 years, respectively [ P = 0.01]). Conclusion In this cohort, patients with PsA with a family history of psoriatic disease were diagnosed with psoriasis and PsA earlier and were more likely to have entheseal involvement compared to those without a family history. Further research incorporating molecular and immune features is needed to investigate genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors that impact PsA phenotype and severity, as well as the transition from psoriasis to PsA.

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Navigating crises in virtual spaces: A usability evaluation of Virtual Reality training in LIS education

Abstract This paper presents findings from a usability evaluation of a virtual reality (VR) training module designed to support library and information science (LIS) graduate students in developing crisis communication and de‐escalation skills. As public libraries increasingly serve patrons experiencing mental health, housing, or substance use crises, there is a growing need to prepare future librarians for these interactions. Despite the potential of VR for immersive and repeatable training, no existing VR programs focus specifically on crisis management in library settings. This interdisciplinary project addresses that gap through a usability study with 21 LIS students who participated in a VR‐based training session using Mozilla Hubs. Participants reported high levels of usability, immersion, and perceived effectiveness, suggesting that VR offers a promising, low‐stakes environment for building communication skills. These findings underscore the value of continued exploration into VR as a scalable and innovative approach for LIS education.

BK virus‐associated urothelial carcinoma—A supra‐regional cohort of kidney transplant recipients

Abstract Objectives This study aims to study the clinical features, pathological findings, and outcomes of BK virus‐associated urothelial carcinoma (UC) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Patients and Methods The study was conducted in a retrospective cohort of KTRs with histologically confirmed UC managed at a UK supra‐regional transplant urology centre from November 2006 to January 2026. BK virus status was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and tumour samples were assessed for SV40 large T antigen. Patients were stratified by BKV and SV40 status to enable comparison of tumour grade, stage, and other clinicopathological features. Results 24 KTRs met the inclusion criteria; 11 of whom were BKV+. The mean follow‐up time post‐UC diagnosis was 7.3 ± $$ \pm $$  6.1 years. Mean age at UC diagnosis was 59.9  ± $$ \pm $$  14.6 years. 90.9% of BKV+ patients had high‐risk UC compared to 30.8% of the BKV− group ( p  = 0.005). Tumour grade at diagnosis was higher in BKV+ patients ( p  = 0.013). SV40 Large T antigen was detected in 33.3% of cases, all with a previous history of BKV infection. These tumours were all high grade (G3) and had tended to be a higher stage at diagnosis than SV40− tumours ( p  = 0.050). UC in BKV+ patients was not diagnosed earlier post‐transplant ( p  = 0.616). There was no difference in survival probability between the two cohorts ( p  = 0.639). Conclusion BKV infection in KTRs was associated with aggressive, high‐grade UC. Screening and timely adjustment of immunosuppression are essential to protect this at‐risk population. Further studies are required to clarify the oncogenic potential of BKV and optimise management strategies.

Pharmacokinetic profiles of sertraline in pregnancy as a predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms

Aim To characterize pharmacokinetic changes of sertraline and its metabolite during pregnancy and postpartum, and their relationship to maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. Methods This was a prospective observational, longitudinal study of pregnant women with a major depressive disorder treated with sertraline (N = 185 women, 205 pregnancies). Women were enrolled at <16 weeks' gestation and followed at 4‐8 week intervals throughout pregnancy and the first postpartum year. Baseline measures included structured clinical interviews and demographic information. Drug and metabolite concentrations and psychometric measures (study outcomes) (ie, Hamilton Rating Scale for depression – 17 item, Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS], Clinical Global Impression [CGI]) were measured at follow‐up visits. Serum sertraline and N‐desmethylsertraline exposure were reported asstandardized 24‐h concentration‐to‐dose (C/D) and parent to metabolite (P/M) ratios. Linear mixed‐effects and latent trajectory models were used to characterize longitudinal patterns in concentration measures across pregnancy and postpartum, and their association with study outcomes. Results Mean 24‐h C/D ratios showed high variability throughout pregnancy and postpartum that were characterized by three trajectories for sertraline and five for N‐desmethylsertraline and P/M ratio corresponding to different sertraline pharmacokinetic profiles. At postpartum, sertraline drug exposure was inversely associated with higher EPDS score ( P  < .05), while N‐desmethylsertraline exposure was associated with higher scores for all measured depression scales ( P  < .001). Higher P/M ratios had higher CGI scores ( P  < .05) postpartum. Conclusion Sertraline pharmacokinetic profiles varied across pregnant women and were associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. The use of therapeutic monitoring may provide clinical insight that can be useful for identifying patients with a potential toward depressive symptoms.

Pyrosomes and Plankton Supporting Timor‐Leste Coral Reef Resilience