البيوإتيقا بين الدين والفلسفة

يتناول البحث موضوع البيوإتيقا، التي تعني أخلاقيات المجال الطبي البيولوجي، وهي تمثل ساحة للقاء العلم مع الأخلاق، وتشترك فيها مجموعة من التخصصات المتنوعة مثل، الأطباء، وعلماء البيولوجيا، ورجال الدين، والفلاسفة، ورجال القانون والسياسة والاقتصاد، وعلماء النفس والاجتماع؛ لوضع معايير وضوابط للممارسات الطبية في مجال البيولوجيا، وسنحاول من خلال هذا الموضوع الكشف عن مجموعة من المشكلات الأخلاقية الناتجة عن التطور التكنلوجي في مجال الطب والبيولوجيا، ومنها على سبيل المثال: التحوّل الجنسي، والتلقيح الصناعي، والإجهاض، ونقل الأعضاء، والقتل الرحيم، والاستنساخ البشري، مع طرح الرؤى المتعلقة بها من لدُن رجال الدين والفلاسفة؛ لتكون رؤيتنا شمولية بشأن تلك الموضوعات التي أفرزها التطور العلمي الكبير في مجال الطب والبيولوجيا.

التقنيات التعليمية بين الواقع والطموح

يرمي البحث التعرف الى التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة المتوافرة في المدارس الحكومية والأهلية التابعة إلى المديرية العامة للتربية في مركز محافظة كربلاء المقدسة. ولغرض التحقق من هدف البحث جرب صياغة الأسئلة الآتية :     ما التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة المتوافرة في المدارس الحكومية والأهلية التابعة إلى المديرية العامة للتربية في مركز محافظة كربلاء المقدسة؟ هل توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين إجابات أفراد العينة تبعاً لمتغير الجنس؟ هل توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين إجابات أفراد العينة تبعاً لمتغير المرحلة الدراسية؟ هل توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين إجابات أفراد العينة تبعاً لمتغير نوع الدارسة؟ وللإجابة عن هذه الأسئلة وُجِهَت استبانة مكونة من (12) فقرة على عينة من إدارات المدارس الحكومية والأهلية في مركز محافظة كربلاء المقدسة - اختيرت بالطريقة الطبقية - بلغت (141) إدارة مدرسية بواقع (75) مديراً و(66) مديرةً. وقد توصل البحث إلى : أن التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة المتوافرة بشكل كبير في المدارس الحكومية هي (مسجل كاسيت، آلة تصوير، مجهر) أما التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة المتوافرة بشكل كبير في المدارس الأهلية هي (آلة تصوير، مسجل كاسيت، أنترنيت، شاشة ذكية) أن التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة المتوافرة بشكل قليل في المدارس الحكومية فهي (انترنيت، لابتوب) أما التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة المتوافرة بشكل قليل في المدارس الأهلية هي (مجهر). عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين إجابات أفراد العينة تبعاً لمتغير الجنس. عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين إجابات أفراد العينة تبعاً لمتغير المرحلة الدراسية. وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين إجابات أفراد العينة تبعاً لمتغير نوع الدراسة ولصالح المدارس الأهلية.

Translation Assessment of Cultural Legal Terms as Translated from Arabic into English

Culture includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any habits acquired by a Man as a member of society. The cultural differences play a pivotal role in the translation between languages. Preserving the SL cultural values in the translated text constitutes a difficult task for the translator. The present study is a translation assessment of the Arabic cultural legal terms issued by Sharia courts as translated into English. The terms are taken from the book ‘The Reliable Guide to Legal Translation’ written by Adel Azzam Saqf Al-Hait. The problem of the study is that the Arabic Cultural legal terms issued by Sharia courts are inherent in the SL (Arabic language) which make it difficult for the translator to render them into the TL (English language).

THE IMPACT OF OWNERSHIP TYPES ON THE VALUE OF DISCRETIONARY ACCRUALS: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF AUDIT COMMITTEE? EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

The research paper attempts to investigate the connection between Ownership Structure and Audit Committee Effectiveness on discretionary accruals in Pakistan. This study analyzed 5 years of data over the period of 2013 to 2017 of 169 listed firms of the Pakistan Stock Exchanges (PSX). The data is panel and it is analyzed with the fixed-effect regression to check the association between ownership structure and audit committee effectiveness on discretionary accruals. The findings of this article show that the effectiveness of an audit committee is very instrumental in bringing down the value of discretionary accruals. This paper confirms the view that audit committee effectiveness mitigates discretionary accruals in PSX listed firms, Furthermore, this study found no clue that blocks ownership, management ownership, foreign ownership and institutional ownership constrain discretionary accruals. To the best of researchers’ knowledge, this empirical study is first of its kind in Pakistan. The present research study recommended and supports the recent amendment in Pakistan Corporate Governance Code about audit committee independence and expertise for reducing discretionary accruals.

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

The death rate of people is increasing globally during the current outbreak of coronavirus To combat with COVID-19 havoc, the world has adopted lockdown policies, including Pakistan Ironically, the invisible virus is suffocating humans at a fast rate but on the other side, there is a visible monster in the world gobbling up human health, i e , air pollution Therefore, the main rationale of the present research is to visualize the air quality during the ‘Lockdown’ period in Lahore, Pakistan by mapping via online tools and techniques using a geospatial system According to the present findings, the concentrations of air pollutants, such as particulate matters (PM10 and PM2 5), nitrogen oxides as NO and NO2, and sulphur dioxide, are below the maximum permissible levels of the Punjab Environmental Quality standards (PEQs), although ozone exceeds its PEQs So in light of the results, once this COVID-19 crisis is over, the government should speed up measures to lessen air pollution to achieve targets of sustainable development goals (SDGs) Moreover, the present results of air assessment during COVID-19 would serve as a useful reminder for the government of Punjab to cut down air emission levels after the pandemic © 2020, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies,Mahidol University All rights reserved

Effects of Virtual Reality Therapy on the Balance and Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the glowing advancement of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT), clear evidence about its effectiveness in stroke is still scarce. Hence it is essential to review the current information to provide up-to-date insight. Therefore the aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of VRT on the balance and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with stroke.Data Sources: A literature search was done in Google Scholar, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed databases.Eligibility Criteria: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published from June 2014 to January 2020, evaluating the effects of VRT on the balance and/or HRQoL in stroke. Fourteen eligible trials were analyzed, of which, 7 studies focused on balance and 7 on HRQoL.Quality Appraisal: Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane tool.Results: Most of the trials supported the effectiveness of VRT in improving balance and HRQoL. However, few trials reported similar improvements in HRQoL using VRT via Nintendo WiiTM games and conventional physiotherapy.Conclusions: High to moderate evidence supports the effectiveness of VRT use in improving balance and HRQoL in stroke survivors.

IoT Technologies for Tackling COVID-19 in Malaysia and Worldwide: Challenges, Recommendations, and Proposed Framework

Enhanced MQTT Protocol by Smart Gateway

The MQTT protocol is one of the Internet of Things (loT) application protocols. It is based on publishing/subscribing messaging patterns. This protocol uses a broker to manage the communication between the subscribers and the publishers over the internet. There were two problems associated with the implementation of this protocol. The first one, there are many sensors generating huge data using the very simple IoT architecture. These big data may lead to congestion on the internet and thus will cause several disadvantages such as decreasing throughput, packet loss, and delay, which in turn may affect the performance of the MQTT broker, thus affecting the mechanism of the performance of the IoT application. The second problem, the MQTT protocol does not contain a priority management algorithm which is considered a very important and special issue in health applications. In this paper, a smart gateway is designed to enhance the MQTT networks. This work introduced the smart e-health gateway used in MQTT based remote Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system. A new architecture has been implemented that contains two new components, the local broker and the publisher /subscriber (pub/sub) models. The local broker works in the local network and the publisher /subscriber (pub/sub) model is responsible for the process of smart in the gateway. One of the smart applications was used is a filter application. We’ve taken the data filtering side and give it a priority, as an example in order to know the possibility of achieving the architecture of the gateway that was created in our work. And is this architecture valid to work or invalid. Therefore, we conducted a test using the application of ECG signal filtration and give priority to patients according to the case of an urgent for each patient. The R-peaks were calculated from the ECG signals-peaks for the identification of heart rate. The urgent level will be classified depending on the beats rate feature. The proposed smart gateway function is to manage the data rate that will pass through to the internet. In the case of high urgent level, all the packets will be passed, while in case of a low level, the least possible data will be passed. The proposed system scenarios are designed and evaluated by using the OMNET simulation environment and Inet4 framework. The simulation results are shown by the evaluation methods used (delay, throughput, packets sent, and packets received). These results proved the success of the architectural work that was implemented in the system.

Double Vision in Architecture

Human Platelet Antigen Datasets for Malays, Chinese, and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia