Performance analysis of a complex repairable system with two subsystems in series configuration with an imperfect switch

This paper presents the study of reliability measures of a complex system consisting of two subsystems, subsystem-1, and subsystem-2, in a series configuration with switching device. The subsystem-1 has five units that are working under 2-out-of-5: G policy and the subsystem-2 has two units that are working under 1-out-of-2: G policy. Moreover, the switching device in the system is unreliable, and as long as the switch fails, the whole system fails immediately. Failure rates of units of subsystems are constant and assumed to follow the exponential distribution. Still, their repair supports two types of distribution, namely general distribution and Gumbel-Hougaard family copula distribution. Using the supplementary variable technique, Laplace transformations, and copula approach differential equations developed. Important reliability characteristics such as availability of the system, reliability of the system, MTTF, profit analysis, and sensitivity analysis for MTTF have computed for fixed values of failure and repair rates. Particular cases corresponding to the switching device have also considered. Graphs demonstrate results, and consequently, conclusions have done.

Applicable Solution for a Class of Ordinary Differential Equations with Singularity

Boundary value problems arise in many real applications such as nanofluids and other areas of applied sciences. The temperature/nanoparticles concentration are usually expressed as singular 2ndorder ODEs. So, it is a challenge to obtain the exact solution of these problems due to the difficulty of the singularity encountered in the governing equations. By means of a suitable transformation, a direct approach is introduced to solve a general class of 2nd-order ODEs. The efficiency of the obtained results is validated through selected problems in the literature. It is found that several existing solutions can be deduced as special cases of our generalized one. Moreover, the present results may be invested for similar future problems in fluid mechanics, especially nanofluids.

High Offset Stems are Protective of Dislocation in High Risk Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background: Spinal stiffness has been shown to increase risk of dislocation due to impingement and instability. Increasing anteversion of the acetabular component has been suggested to prevent dislocation, but little has been discussed in terms of femoral or global offset restoration. The purpose of this study is to quantify dislocation rates after primary THA using standard versus high offset femoral components and to determine how differences in offset affect impingement-free range of motion in a stiff spine cohort using a novel impingement model. Methods: 12,365 patients undergoing THA from 2016-2018 were retrospectively reviewed to determine dislocation rates and utilization of standard versus high offset stems. For 50 consecutive patients with spinal stiffness, a CT-based computer software impingement modeling system assessed bony or prosthetic impingement during simulated range of motion. The model was run 5 times for each patient with varying offsets. Range of motion was simulated in each scenario to determine the degree at which impingement occurred. Results: There were 51 dislocations for a 0.41% dislocation rate. Total utilization of high offset stems in the entire cohort was 49%. Of those patients who sustained a dislocation, 49 (96%) utilized a standard offset stem. The impingement modeling demonstrated 5 degrees of added range of motion until impingement for every 1mm offset increase. Conclusion: In the impingement model, high offset stems facilitated greater ROM before bony impingement and resulted in lower dislocation rates. In the setting of high-risk THA due to spinal stiffness, surgeons should consider the use of high-offset stems and pay attention to offset restoration.

Impact of Plyometric and Resistance Training on Selected Fitness Variables among University Soccer Playing Adults

Optimization of Pyrene Biodegradation Rate by Response Surface methodology

Outcome of sclerosing agent for managing the oral pyogenic granuloma.

... Objectives: Outcome of sclerosing agent for managing the oral pyogenic granulomain terms of post-operative pain, post-operative healing and post-operative infection. Study Design: Cross-section study. Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: October 2018 to March 2019. Material & Methods: Patients with oral pyogenic granuloma and willing to contribute in study were included. Sclerosing agent (ethanolamine oleate) was taken in 3cc disposable syringe and injected in each lesion once a week and repeated according to need. Patients were fooled for 1 to 3 weeks. Outcome was assessed in terms of post-operative pain, post-operative healing and post-operative infection. Data was recorded in proforma. Results: Total seventy four patients were included; their mean age was 40.67+4.99 years. Males were in majority 59.5%. On 1st week 32 showed mild pain which was markedly decreased on 2nd and 3rd week almost among all patients. On 1st week healing was achieved by all cases. Infection was occurred in 4 patients and fever was noted in 12 cases. On 2nd week infection was occurred in 2 patients and fever was in 04 cases. On 3rd week infection was noted in only one cases and fever not found. Conclusion: It was concluded that sclerosing agent ethanolamine oleate is better treatment option than surgical removal with lower postoperative pain, best achievement of post-operative healing and lower rate of post-operative infection for the oral pyogenic granuloma management.

Comparison of phenobarbital and sodium valproate for the treatment of status epilepticus in children.

Objectives: Seizure is considered to be one of the commonest emergency involving more than half of the admissions in Pediatric Neurology wards. It has been well documented that proper management not only improves the prognosis but also decrease complications in these children. This study was planned to compare phenobarbital against sodium valproate for the treatment of status epilepticus (SE) in children. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Emergency Department of Pediatrics Medicine, the Baqai University and Medical College, Karachi. Period: 15th July 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 100 children (50 in each group) with seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes, aged 6 months to 12 years, did not respond to diazepam (0.2mg/kg)  within five minutes, were enroll. Randomization was done using lottery system where Group A was nominated who used sodium valproate and Group B, phenobarbital. Good response was labeled if a child’s seizure was controlled within 20 minutes of treatment. Results: Out of total of 100 children included in the present study, there were 60 (60.0%) male and 40 (40.0%) female. Mean age of the children was 5.4 years with standard deviation of 2.2 years. As far as type of seizures are concerned, there were 43 (43.0%) children presented with febrile convulsions (FC) while 57 (57.0%) with SE.  Overall, positive response was noted in 69 (69.0%) children. Response in between both the groups turned out to be of statistical significance as more children, 40 (80.0%) showed positive response in Group B in comparison to 29 (58.0%) in Group A (p value = 0.017). Amongst children with positive response, the difference between both the study groups was significant in relation to seizure types as 75.9% of children with SE showed positive response with sodium valproate while 52.5% children with FC showed positive response in Group B (p value=0.018). Conclusion: Overall, both study drugs showed good positive response but phenobarbital when compared to sodium valproate is a better choice for controlling seizure in pediatric population. Sodium valproate showed greater effectiveness when used in children with SE while phenobarbital was comparatively more effective in febrile convulsion.

Outcome of one year’s experience of thyroid surgery in a high volume center.

Objectives: This study was performed to take an overview of the modes of presentation of these disorders, demographic factors of presenting patients, procedures to deal with these disorders and complications associated with them in our surgical ward. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of North Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan. Period: September 2018 to September 2019. Material & Methods: All adult patients of either gender who presented with benign or malignant thyroid disorders and were managed surgically during the study period were included. The data was recorded on a pre-designed proforma maintained at the department. Results: Out of 156 patients, there were 146(93.6%) females and 10(6.4%) males. The most commonly performed procedure was total thyroidectomy i.e 102 (65.3%) while hemi thyroidectomies being 41 (26.1%). We performed 4 neck dissections in this time period for malignancies. The mean hospital stay ranged from 1-12 days with a mean of 2.88±1.99 days. There was no in-hospital mortality. Temporary hypocalcemia was the most common early complication found in 32(20.5%) patients. Conclusion: Thyroid surgery is a safe procedure to be performed for teaching purposes in a high volume unit like ours with complication rates reaching near zero.

Bacterial meningitis and its acute complications.

Objectives: Bacterial meningitis is a major global issue. Despite medical advancement in childcare in the last couple of decades, bacterial meningitis is still causing significant mortality and morbidity. We planned this study to find out the frequency as well acute complications related to bacterial meningitis in our setting. Study Design: Observational descriptive study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Unit-II, Children Hospital Chandka Medical College / SMBBMU, Larkana. Period: 1st August 2018 to 31st March 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 78 children, aged 1 month to 10 years with bacterial meningitis were included. Acute complications were noted in all the children during their hospital stay along with mortality. A predesigned proforma was used to record all the study data. Results: Out of a total of 78 cases, 48 (61.5%) male and 30 (38.5%) female. There were 13 (16.7%) children between aged 1 to 3 months, 25 (32.1%) between 3 to 6 months, 27 (34.6%) between the age of 6 months and 5 years and 13 (16.7%) above the age of 5 years. Complications were noted in 33 (42.3%) cases, seizure following 4 days followed by subdural effusion and hydrocephalus were the commonest. Children having complications were compared with those who had none, hospitalization history prior to the admission turned out to be statistically significant (p = 0.010). Overall, mortality was noted in 3 (3.9%) children. Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis still remains a major disease related to significant morbidity and mortality. Most complications are seen in young children. Seizure and subdural effusion are noted to be the most frequent complications.

4-Stroke CI Engine: An Experimental Comparison of Performance Characteristics for 14% Biodiesel & Pure Diesel