Journals
2020 EN
Safi Khuri · Subhi Mansour · Amir Obeid
+3 more
Of the complications following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), postpancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage (PPH) is the least common, but severe forms can be life-threatening without urgent treatment. While early PPH is mostly related to surgical hemostasis, late PPH is more likely due to complex physiopathological pathways secondary to different etiologies. The understanding of such etiologies could therefore be of great interest to help guide the treatment of severe, potentially life-threatening, late PPH cases. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the causes of PPH as a complication and explore a possible association between the causes and the severity of late PPH. Methods: A retrospective study was performed at the HPB and Surgical Oncology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. The charts of all patients submitted for PD were reviewed, and all patients with PPH were included. The timing, cause, and severity of PPH as well as other information were collected. A statistical analysis on the possible association between cause and severity of late PPH was performed. Results: A total of 347 patients underwent PD, 18 of whom (5.18%) developed PPH. Early PPH was reported in 1 patient (5.6%) with severe bleeding from the gastric staple line. Late PPH was reported in 17 patients (94.4%). The most common causes of late PPH were bleeding from a vascular pseudoaneurysm (PSA) reported in 6 patients, 1 with mild and 5 with severe hemorrhage, and bleeding from a gastroenteric anastomosis marginal ulcer reported in 6 patients, all with mild hemorrhage. No etiology was found in 5 patients with mild hemorrhage. A significant association was found between the severity of late hemorrhage and vascular PSA as the cause of the bleeding ( p = 0.001). All PSA bleeding occurred in cases complicated by a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), with a significant statistical association ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The most common cause of PPH was bleeding from a vascular PSA; the majority of these cases involved severe bleeding with late presentation, and all were associated with a POPF formation. In such cases, early detection by computed tomography angiography is mandatory, thereby promoting urgent treatment by angiography of vascular bleeding complications following PD.
Journals
2020 EN
K.E. Kaharudin · Z. A. F. M. Napiah · F. Salehuddin
+2 more
The prime obstacle in continuing the transistor’s scaling is to maintain ultra-shallow source/drain (S/D) junctions with high doping concentration gradient, which definitely demands an advanced and complicated S/D and channel engineering. Junctionless transistor configuration has been found to be an alternative device structure in which the junction and doping gradients could be totally eliminated, thus simplifying the fabrication process. In this paper, a process simulation has been performed to study the impact of junctionless configuration on the analog and RF behaviors of double-gate vertical MOSFET. The result proves that the performance of n-channel junctionless double-gate vertical MOSFET (n-JLDGVM) is slightly better than the junction double-gate vertical MOSFET (n-JDGVM). Junctionless device exhibits better analog behaviors as the transconductance (gm) is increased by approximately 4%. In term of RF behaviors, the junctionless device exhibits 3.4% and 7% higher cut-off frequency (fT) and gain band-width product (GBW) respectively over the junction device.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Tariq Emad Ali · Ameer Hussein Morad · Mohammed A. Abdala
In the last recent years, Data-Center (DC) networks improved according to the rapid exchanging in its requirements. The traditional DC network contains tens of thousands of hosts with distinctive needs of bandwidth. The traditional networking devices have control planes and data planes coupling. These networking devices do not meet the dynamic calculating and storing needs. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is presented to alternate the impression of conventional networks by segregate the control plane from the SDN data plane. SDN present to overcome the limitations of traditional DC’s network caused by the increments amount of app, web-sites, storing area, etc. Software-Defined Networking Data-Center (SDN-DC) based on Open-Flow (OF) protocol, is used to achieve superior behavior for executing traffic Load-Balancing (LB) job. The LB function dividing the traffic-flow demands between the end devices, to avoid links congestion. In short, SDN is proposed to manage more operative configure, efficient enhancements and further elasticity for handle massive network schemes. In this paper the OpenDayLight Controller (ODL-CO) with new version OF 1.5 protocol and ant colony optimization algorithm, is proposed to test the performance of the LB function using IPv6 in SDN-DC network by studying the Throughput, Transferring data, Bandwidth and Average delay performance of the networking parameters before and after LB algorithm. As a result, after applying the LB the Throughput, Transferring data and the Bandwidth performance increased, while the Average delay decreased.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Zaynab Mahir Abdel-Ameer · Abdul Kareem A. Najem Alaloosy · Khattab M. Ali Alheeti
This paper discusses the distributed coordination function (DCF) access mechanism which is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme. Simulation projects for different DCF performance parameters have been built using the OPNET network simulator. The projects are mainly basic service set (BSS) topology simulated under different parameter values (data rate, fragmentation, RTS/CTS, number of nodes, and load condition). Simulation results show when the DCF access mechanism is better under what load condition, and how to choose the best fragmentation threshold and other access-mechanism specific parameters according to the network conditions. Simulation results were validated against a theoretically calculated maximum throughput (the simulation maximum throughput was about 70% of the theoretically calculated maximum throughput).
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Raheel Iqbal · Fawad Pirzada · Muhammad Zubaır
+1 more
The phenomenon of lost of mud filtrate into a porous permeable formation due to high hydrostatic pressure compared to the formation pressure is known as fluid loss. This cause some major problems in well during drilling as poor cementing job, pipe stuck, and formation damage. Thus, to safe the well from such problems and in order to make safe and effective drilling an additive from wheat flour is extracted which is starch, and acting as a fluid loss control agent. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential of utilizing this additive to form environmentally safe, non-toxic, high biodegradability and low-cost water-based drilling fluid samples with varying the amount of starch. Experimental results showed that Efficiency of starch obtained from wheat-flour is showing increment in rheological properties as compare to starch present in market by using same and varying quantity of both and observed that wheat-flour starch is more efficient as compare to starch in market. On the other hand, the efficiency of starch is good but it has been also improved by the extraction of starch from wheat-flour by the centrifugation process.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Ameer H. Ali · Mohannad A. M. Al-Ja’afari · Saif H. Abdulwahed
In this paper, the performance of Linear Antenna Array Element (LAAE) has been evaluated at the Base Station (BS) with a different number of elements for Unmanned Air Vehicle UAV application. The Switched Beam (SB) and Phase Array (PA) have been used as a steering beam mechanism. The beam steering tracker is based on the GPS points of the UAV and the BS. In addition, the Misalignment angle has been analyzed for SB and PA corresponding to the maximum speed of the UAV. The compression between SB and PA in term of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and BER vs. Misalignment angle have been examined by using Matlab. The results show that the PA has better performance than SB in both terms under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with an interference signal. When the number of the elements is eight provides longer distance than four by the factor (1.5 in SB case and 2 in PA case) and wider Misalignment angle range than twelve by factor (2 in SW case and 3 in PA case). Therefore, it is becoming a useful option for many applications.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Ehab AbdulRazzaq Hussein · Murtadha K. Khashan · Ameer K. Jawad
It is known that increasing the security of the information and reducing the noise effect through public channels are two of the main priorities in developing any communication system. In this article, an efficient, secure communication system with two levels of encryption has been applied to the speech signal. The suggested security approach was implemented by using two different stages of chaotic masking on the signal; one masking was conducted by using Lorenz system and the other masking was built by using Rӧssler chaotic flow system. The main goal of developing this two-chaotic masking approach is to increase the key space and the security of the information. Also, an immunity technique has been implemented in the suggested approach to reduce the noise effect. For practical application purposes, this system was tested with additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The simulation results show that the quality of reconstructed speech signal is changeable according to the used signal to noise ratio (SNR); therefore, a proposed technique based on digital processing method (DPM) was applied to the first masked signal by converting the sampled data from the analog to the binary format. The simulation results show that an 22 dB (SNR) is sufficient to recover the speech signal with minimum noise by using the suggested approach.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Luma Issa Abdul-Kreem · Hussam K. Abdul-Ameer
We propose a new object tracking model for two degrees of freedom mechanism. Our model uses a reverse projection from a camera plane to a world plane. Here, the model takes advantage of optic flow technique by re-projecting the flow vectors from the image space into world space. A pan-tilt (PT) mounting system is used to verify the performance of our model and maintain the tracked object within a region of interest (ROI). This system contains two servo motors to enable a webcam rotating along PT axes. The PT rotation angles are estimated based on a rigid transformation of the the optic flow vectors in which an idealized translation matrix followed by two rotational matrices around PT axes are used. Our model was tested and evaluated using different objects with different motions. The results reveal that our model can keep the target object within a certain region in the camera view.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Hussam K. Abdul-Ameer · Luma Issa Abdul-Kreem · Huda Adnan
+1 more
Leap Motion Controller (LMC) is a gesture sensor consists of three infrared light emitters and two infrared stereo cameras as tracking sensors. LMC translates hand movements into graphical data that are used in a variety of applications such as virtual/augmented reality and object movements control. In this work, we intend to control the movements of a prosthetic hand via (LMC) in which fingers are flexed or extended in response to hand movements. This will be carried out by passing in the data from the Leap Motion to a processing unit that processes the raw data by an open-source package (Processing i3) in order to control five servo motors using a micro-controller board. In addition, haptic setup is proposed using force sensors (FSR) and vibro-motors in which the speed of these motors is proportional to the amount of the grasp force exerted by the prosthetic hand. Investigation for optimal placement of the FSRs on a prosthetic hand to obtain convenient haptic feedback has been carried out. The results show the effect of object shape and weight on the obtained response of the FSR and how they influence the locations of the sensors.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)
Journals
2020 EN
Ameer F. Roslan · F. Salehuddin · Anis Suhaila Mohd Zain
+2 more
In this research, the performance of the 19 nm single gate MOSFET is enhanced through the implementation of the high permittivity dielectric material. The MOSFET scaling trends necessities in device dimensions can be satisfied through the implementation of the high-K dielectric materials in place of the SiO2. Therefore, the 19 nm n-channel MOSFET device with different High-K dielectric materials are implemented and its performance improvement has also been analysed. Virtual fabrication is exercised through ATHENA module from Silvaco TCAD tool. Meanwhile, the device characteristic was utilized by using an ATLAS module. The aforementioned materials have also been simulated and compared with the conventional gate oxide SiO2 for the same structure. At the end, the results have proved that Titanium oxide (TiO2) device is the best dielectric material with a combination of metal gate Tungsten Silicides (WSix). The drive current (ION) of this device (WSix/TiO2) is 587.6 µA/um at 0.534 V of threshold voltage (VTH) as opposed to the targeted 0.530 V predicted, as well as a relatively low IOFF that is obtained at 1.92 pA/µm. This ION value meets the minimum requirement predicted by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013 prediction for low performance (LP) technology.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)