CRISPR/Cas-based detection systems – emerging tools for plant pathology

Plant diseases pose a significant threat to global food security, causing substantial crop yield losses and economic damage. Traditional diagnostic methods often lack the speed, specificity, and sensitivity required for effective disease management. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas-based detection systems offers a novel and highly efficient approach for identifying plant pathogens. This review explores the principles of CRISPR/Cas technology, its adoption for pathogen detection, and its advantages over conventional diagnostic techniques. Recent advancements in CRISPR-based detection tools, including SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and other Cas-mediated platforms, and their potential for rapid, field-deployable diagnostics have been discussed. As these technologies continue to evolve, they hold promise for transforming plant disease diagnostics and enhancing global agricultural resilience.

Recent developments in ultrasonic welding of similar and dissimilar joints of carbon fiber reinforcement thermoplastics with and without interlayer: A state-of-the-art review

Ultrasonic welding (USW) is utilized to join identical and non-identical materials, with and without a thermoplastic composites or thermoset composites coupling layer, or with different shapes of energy directors or adhesive materials. Due to its emerging structure, joining carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polymer has become imperative due to the developed concerns in different industrial and manufacturing sectors. This review article covers all types of joined CF-reinforced polymers, including similar/dissimilar CF-reinforced thermoplastics or CF-reinforced thermosets joined by USW, considering different types of USW (spot welding, continuous welding). This review considers various welding process parameters and their impacts on welding quality, welding strength, and mechanical and microstructure characterizations of the welded joint. Also, improving the USW joints and their challenges are discussed. The fabrication processes of the polymer matrix composite and various polymers are addressed. In addition, the recyclability of CF-reinforced polymer is highlighted. A key finding from this review is that polyetheretherketone and both types of nylon (PA6 and PA66) show high exceptional characterizations, making them more favorable for developing CF-reinforced thermoplastics over other types of polymers. While a unique co-curing process must be completed for the adhesive material before performing the USW, welding energy is the most effective process parameter that enhances the mechanical properties when using adhesive bonding before USW.

The Perception of National Identity within the Enclave of Viennese Czechs

The Viennese Czechs represent the largest and closest enclave of the Czech language to its original homeland. Their specificity lies especially in the fact that they consciously and systematically preserve their “national identity”. This article presents the selected results of a questionnaire-based investigation (February to May 2022), which is the output of a joint Czech-Austrian project entitled “Reflections on the Czech Language and Broader Czech Awareness in Viennese Czechs”. The principal aim of this text is to present the findings of these questionnaire components, which track more broadly defined aspects of cultural and social identity in relation to contemporary concepts of transculturality/interculturality. Therefore, it offers insight into the self-concept and self-perception among the multilingual and multicultural respondents. It is an analysis of items that can strongly clarify respondents’ views and reveal a range of feelings, opinions, and perspectives on national or personal identity issues.

Crystal structure, X-ray emission properties and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra of TaFeP

The crystal structure of the phosphide Ta 0.88(1) Fe 1.12(1) P has been determined from X-ray powder diffraction data: full-profile refinement, orthorhombic space group Pnma , a  = 6.1036(2) Å, b  = 3.5774(1) Å, c  = 6.9742(2) Å, R I  = 0.042. Examination of the X-ray emission spectra (XES) has revealed that the main maximum of the FeLα band coincides with the high-energy feature of the P L II,III bands, indicating strong hybridization of P s and Fe d electrons. High intensity of the FeKβ″ satellite has been observed and explained. Two components appear in the 57 Fe Mössbauer spectruma measured at temperatures in the range 80–300 K, Fe1 (77(2)%) and Fe2 (23(2)%). The paramagnetic component reflects Fe in the crystallographic position 4 c . The moderate value of the quadrupole splitting of 0.3758 mm s −1 indicates a slight anisotropy of the electric field created by Fe1 in its nearest environment. The second component (Fe2) is attributed to Fe atoms statistically substituting Ta atoms in the crystal structure. Its broader linewidth and distinct isomer shift support this assignment. The relative intensities and hyperfine parameters remain constant with temperature, indicating two thermally stable Fe environments. Results of ab initio calculations carried out using the fully relativistic spin-polarized linear muffin-tin orbital method show good agreement with the experimental data.

Tisztelet – közömbösség – helytelenítés?

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria After New Coronavirus Infection: Clinical Cases

Paving the way for new antimicrobial peptides through molecular de-extinction

Pesticide exposure and the development of Parkinson disease: a systematic review of Brazilian studies

Impact of polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite resin and thermomechanical cycling on dentin bond strength

Optimum design of composite steel‐concrete beams with external prestressing