Journals
2026 EN
Li Joanne M. · Gauen Abigail M. · Zmora Rachel
+33 more
Abstract INTRODUCTION Dementia prevalence is associated with modifiable factors. We quantified the contribution of dementia risk factors in midlife (45–64 years) and late life (≥ 65 years) in the United States. METHODS Data from six community‐based cohorts in the Dementia Risk Prediction Project (DRPP) were used. We estimated risk factor prevalence using nationally representative data. Cohort‐specific Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between modifiable risk factors and incident dementia in midlife and late life. Hazard ratios were pooled using meta‐analysis then used to calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) and potential impact fractions. RESULTS Midlife and late‐life risk factors contributed to 22.7% and 16.5% of total dementia cases, respectively. Midlife obesity (PAF: 7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9%–10.5%), lower education (PAF: 8.1%; 95% CI: 5.2%–11.1%), and late‐life physical inactivity (PAF: 10.4%; 95% CI: 6.2%–14.5%) were the greatest contributors. DISCUSSION Midlife and late‐life modifiable risk factors contribute to dementia risk, highlighting a need for interventions across the life course. Highlights Our sample included 37,931 participants across six pooled, longitudinal US cohorts. We observed midlife and late‐life risk factors contributed to 22.7% and 16.5% of dementia cases, respectively. Midlife obesity, late‐life physical inactivity, and lower education appear to be the greatest contributors to dementia risk.
Journals
2026 EN
Hosseini Seyyed Ali · Aumont Etienne · Rahmouni Nesrine
+42 more
Abstract INTRODUCTION Enlargement of the choroidal–ventricular system occurs in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but emerging evidence links these abnormalities to amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation. We tested this hypothesis by assessing associations between AD pathophysiology and choroidal–ventricular system measures across the AD continuum. METHODS Ventricular volume, choroid‐plexus volume, and ventricular radioactivity after positron emission tomography (PET) tracer injections were analyzed in 385 Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) and 282 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants using linear models and partial correlations. A composite score combining these measures was also tested against established AD biomarkers. RESULTS With advancing AD stages, ventricular and choroid‐plexus volumes increased while ventricular radioactivity declined. These measures were interrelated, and abnormalities appeared even in amyloid‐negative elderly. Across cohorts, they correlated with amyloid‐ and tau‐PET, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma p‐tau isoforms, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cognition. Voxel‐wise analyses showed strong associations with cortical Aβ, mediating downstream tau effects. DISCUSSION Changes in the choroidal–ventricular system are mutually correlated and carry an additive‐effect on cortical Aβ load.
Journals
2026 EN
Rae Rosaria J. · Alberhasky Jessica Marie Hunter · Baillet Marion
+51 more
Abstract Neuromodulatory subcortical systems (NSSs) are uniquely susceptible to dementia‐related pathology, leading to frequent molecular and behavioral impairments associated with altered function of these nuclei. Some of these systems display clear sex‐specific cytoarchitecture and signaling leading to distinct physiology and behavioral outputs in males and females, while other regions display nominal sex differences. However, the relevance of sex differences in modulating dysfunction of NSSs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias is not well understood. This review is a joint effort by the Neuromodulatory Subcortical Systems and Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease Professional Interest Areas of the Alzheimer's Association. We review sex differences in NSSs, both in non‐disease states and in AD models and patients. We highlight the possible role of NSSs in driving sex‐specific AD susceptibility and potential footholds for sex‐based interventions targeting these systems. We conclude by outlining immediate and long‐term actions to address the intersection of NSSs, sex, and AD.
Journals
2026 EN
RosaGrilo Miguel · Mallon Dermot · Thomas David L.
+11 more
Abstract INTRODUCTION Amyloid‐targeting therapies for Alzheimer's disease require regular MRI monitoring for amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). 3D scans are more sensitive but time intensive; ultra‐fast implementations could improve access and reduce burden. METHODS Eighty scans from 20 participants were acquired with standard 2D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*‐gradient recalled echo (T2*‐GRE), or accelerated Wave‐controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave‐CAIPI) 3D FLAIR and susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) at 3 T. Two neuroradiologists graded ARIA‐E (edema/effusion) and ARIA‐H (hemosiderin deposits). Bayesian models estimated sensitivity, specificity, severity agreement, and interchangeability between acquisitions. RESULTS Accelerated sequences reduced acquisition time by up to 56%. Four participants had ARIA‐E and microbleeds; five had microbleeds alone. Sensitivity and specificity for ARIA‐E were identical (1.00; 0.94–0.95); severity was comparable. Replacing standard with accelerated FLAIR did not decrease severity agreement (interchangeability 1.4; 95% highest‐density interval [HDI] −3.6% to 5.4%). Fast SWI showed higher microbleed severity gradings. DISCUSSION Wave‐CAIPI offers fast high‐resolution FLAIR acquisitions with comparable performance for ARIA‐E monitoring. Wave‐CAIPI SWI provides high‐quality scans that may aid ARIA‐H interpretation.
Journals
2026 EN
Suemoto Claudia K. · Custodio Nilton · Aguilar Diego
+39 more
Abstract Latin America is undergoing rapid population aging alongside a rising burden of dementia. While the region holds substantial potential for dementia risk reduction, challenges remain, such as delayed diagnoses, limited access to specialized care and biomarker testing, persistent stigma, and deep‐rooted structural inequities. To address these gaps and foster regionally informed solutions, the Alzheimer's Association convened the 2025 Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) Satellite Symposium in Lima, Peru, on May 14–15, in collaboration with the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) and the Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health. The meeting aimed to bring core elements of the global AAIC meeting to regional Latin American settings, recognizing that national and cultural contexts demand tailored approaches to dementia prevention, risk reduction, treatment and care all aimed at promoting brain health in the region. This manuscript synthesizes the symposium's key discussions, scientific advances, and opportunities for collaboration across the region.
Journals
2026 EN
Lee Ikjae · Jang Grace · Cheung Ying Kuen (Ken)
+36 more
Objective The primary lateral sclerosis ( PLS ) consensus diagnostic criteria and functional rating scale ( PLSFRS ) were recently established to facilitate and optimize future PLS clinical trials. We examined the trajectory of the PLSFRS and other functional outcome measures and biomarkers in the PLS Natural History Study ( PLS NHS ) to understand their performance in this prospective cohort. Methods The PLS NHS is a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study of people living with PLS in different diagnostic categories: early (disease duration <2 years); probable (2–4 years); and definite PLS (4–15 years). PLSFRS scores and other functional outcome measures were collected at baseline, 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month follow‐up visits. Baseline characteristics were compared between the groups. The slopes of the PLSFRS and other functional outcome measures over 12 months were examined in the overall cohort and subgroups using linear mixed‐effect models. The associations between baseline characteristics and the rate of PLSFRS decline were analyzed with linear regression models. Results A total of 76 participants were included: early (n = 6); probable (n = 26); and definite (n = 44) PLS . Baseline PLSFRS total scores were highest in the early PLS group, followed by the probable and definite PLS groups. In the overall cohort, the PLSFRS total score declined by 0.33 points/month (95% confidence interval [0.27–0.39], adjusted p < 0.05). The rate of decline was steepest in the early PLS group, followed by the probable and definite PLS groups. Baseline neurofilament light chain level was associated with the rate of PLSFRS decline over 1 year ( p = 0.001). Interpretation In PLS, the rate of functional decline, as measured by the PLSFRS total score, is faster during the early phase of the disease. Neurofilament light might serve as a prognostic biomarker in PLS. ANN NEUROL 2026;99:418–428
Journals
2026 EN
Glass Hannah C. · Numis Adam L. · Soul Janet S.
+17 more
Objective The objective of this study was to characterize the neurodevelopment and risk factors for impairment at age 5 to 6 years after acute provoked neonatal seizures. Methods Multicenter study of neonates with acute provoked seizures. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence IV (WPPSI‐IV), Vineland‐3 Adaptive Behavior Scales, Behavior Assessment System for Children, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Social Responsiveness Scale, cerebral palsy (CP), and epilepsy were assessed at age 5 to 6 years. Latent class analysis defined outcome profiles. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to determine outcome predictors. Results We characterized 3 latent classes among 164 children: (1) Typical Development (63%); (2) Behavioral Dysregulation (13%; low likelihood of physical impairment or severely impaired cognition, high likelihood of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]); and (3) Multi‐Domain Impairment (24%; high likelihood of epilepsy and impairment across all domains). Among 144 children with standardized testing, mean WPPSI‐IV was 91 ± 25 and Vineland‐3 Adaptive Behavior Composite 90 ± 20. Twenty‐nine percent had ADHD or elevated attention/hyperactivity scores; 19% had autism or elevated Social Responsiveness scores; 20% had epilepsy, and 19% had CP. Risk factors for Multi‐Domain Impairment were abnormal neonatal neurologic examination (odds ratio [OR] = 3.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74–8.95), impaired functional development at age 24 months (OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.25–11.66), and CP (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.74–7.90). No neonatal or infant characteristics were significantly associated with Behavioral Dysregulation. Interpretation Nearly two‐thirds of 5 to 6‐year‐old children with provoked neonatal seizures had typical development. Yet, executive and behavioral dysregulation were prevalent, even with preserved cognitive and physical function. These findings can inform outcome discussions and interventions to promote neurodevelopment. ANN NEUROL 2026;99:777–791
Journals
2026 EN
Kineweskwêw Catherine Richardson · Kinman Christopher Iwestel
ABSTRACT Living as if we all mattered in a society that does the opposite is an act of resistance. It builds resilience within communities, bringing gifts of relationality. Cathy and Chris are human service workers who aim to transcend the binary of practitioner/patient. Through dignity‐centred practice, they engage in the co‐construction of a refuge outside petro‐capitalism. To centre dignity is to decentre trauma and honour resistance against empire, which seeks to divide and distract. Resistance is a natural response that promotes survival. Their sharings however, drawn from Indigenous knowledge as well as learnings from ecology, extend beyond this sphere. They can also be applied to social justice in learning how to be a good relative and ancestor. Red Elk (2025) tells us that ‘forging healthy relations is essential for the success of future generations’. This includes not only human relations but also all life with whom we share the Earth. By living as if we all matter, we can undermine the forces of empire while building a better world.
Journals
2026 EN
Megregian Catherine M. · Koutsos Vasileios · Blackford Jane R.
ABSTRACT Oil‐infused elastomers have shown promise as anti‐icing coatings, but their softness has led to durability concerns. The effect of damage is investigated to study the resilience of the icephobicity of silicone elastomer coatings with and without oil infusion. Physical damage is applied to specimens by abrading with grit paper or cutting with a scalpel. Surface characterization reveals morphological changes in the coatings due to damage and de‐icing on the surfaces, along with changes in the static water contact angle. Abrasion of the surfaces does not overwhelmingly or universally worsen the ice adhesion strength. Some damage even lowers the ice adhesion strength, possibly due to Cassie–Baxter wetting. However, it decreases the average freezing time. Cutting causes accelerated deterioration to ice adhesion strength and worsens freezing time. Though damage to the oil‐infused coatings is greater, changes in icephobicity are similar to coatings without oil infusion. Re‐coating is an effective method of repairing even severely damaged surfaces and recovering icephobicity. We show oil‐infused elastomers have durable icephobicity and are effective anti‐icing coatings.
Journals
2026 EN
Billich Elisabeth · SailerKronlachner Wilfried · Rosenfeld Catherine
+4 more
ABSTRACT The production of high‐pressure laminates (HPL) still relies heavily on the use of fossil‐based phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resins. Research on more sustainable, bio‐based impregnation resins for HPL is scarce, with most studies focusing on partially replacing phenol with natural phenolic resources. In pursuit of a more sustainable alternative, this study explores the application of an impregnation resin formulated from carbohydrate‐based compounds combined with an amine crosslinker, representing a novel approach in HPL production. Recycled kraft paper was treated with this resin in a pilot‐scale impregnation line to evaluate its applicability in HPL production process. Throughout the process, samples were collected and analyzed for key process parameters commonly monitored in the laminate industry, including the resin load, volatile content, and mass loss during pressing. The impregnated paper produced was used to fabricate a laboratory‐scale HPL panel. While water resistance of the material requires improvement, the samples demonstrated excellent mechanical properties that met the industry standard requirements for HPL compact panels. Notably, the bio‐based samples even outperformed conventional PF‐HPL when measured in the cross direction. These results highlight the potential of bio‐based resins as a promising alternative to conventional PF systems, marking an important step toward more sustainable HPL production.