Journals
2026 EN
Du Shaohua · Zhang Zheng · Ma Jinxin
+3 more
Abstract This work pursues a generalized filtered reaction rate (FRR) model for reactive gas–solid flows via fine‐grid two‐fluid model (TFM) simulations. The power‐law kinetic with various reaction orders ( n ) is considered. It is well known that the solid‐catalyzed reaction rate is bounded by the kinetic regime (KR) and external mass transfer‐controlled regime (EMTR). It is found that the FRR model maintains excellent predictive performance both for n > 1 in two different regimes and n < 1 in the KR. However, an underprediction is observed at n < 1 within the EMTR. Thus, a modified formula for the FRR model in the EMTR is proposed. Then a generalized FRR model is derived. The assessment for the model is performed via a priori analysis and a filtered TFM simulation. The priori analysis and filtered TFM simulations quantitatively demonstrate that the model exhibits robust predictive capability.
Journals
2026 EN
Xia Zhiyi · Xiang Xinchen · Chen Xiang
+8 more
Abstract Charged organic molecules (COMs) are widely used but persistent contaminants that pose risks to ecosystems and human health. Nanofiltration (NF) offers a promising solution, yet existing membranes often fall short in effectively removing COMs due to limited quantitative understanding of electrostatic interactions in the separation mechanism. In this study, a physics‐based electrostatic interaction model was developed by integrating Coulomb's law to quantify interaction forces, Gauss's law to describe the electric field of charged membranes, and the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation to relate the ionization of surface groups and solutes to their charge densities. The model quantitatively links membrane and solute charge states to electrostatic interaction strength and was validated through rejection experiments, yielding a correlation coefficient of −0.857. It demonstrates robust predictive capability for NF performance and guides membrane charge design to enhance targeted COM removal.
Journals
2026 EN
Singh Raja · Frank Arthur L.
ABSTRACT In India, some occupational diseases are notifiable under the Mines Act, 1952, and the Factories Act, 1948. Mesothelioma, primarily attributable to asbestos exposure, has been listed specifically as one of the notifiable diseases under the Mines Act, 1952, and is notifiable under the category of occupational cancer in the Factories Act, 1948. The total number of cases of mesothelioma notified to the Directorate General of Mines Safety under the mining safety law was zero from 2004 to 2024. Similarly, under the factory safety law, only one case of occupational cancer was notified in one state, in a country of 28 states and 8 union territories (mesothelioma being listed under occupational cancer and not a separate entry under the factories law). This is in sharp contrast to the medical literature, where a large number of cases have been published by researchers and doctors from Indian hospitals. The absence of notified disease may not automatically mean the absence of disease. Further, a parallel National Cancer Registry Program, which is not only for occupational cancers, but which may overlap with occupational cases, covers only 16% of the country's population. With clear lack of notification of cases and underreporting of occupational mesothelioma, and cancer not being declared as universally notifiable at the national level, disease surveillance in India may need to be invigorated so that easily preventable disease is reduced, load on the already strained healthcare infrastructure is decreased, and overall national medical costs are reduced in the future.
Journals
2026 EN
Kavaarpuo Godwin · Daley Kathryn · Johnson Guy
ABSTRACT Over the last three decades, overseas researchers have utilised administrative data to identify distinct patterns in shelter use. In Australia, the use of administrative data to understand service utilisation patterns among people ‘at risk’ of homelessness and experiencing homelessness is limited. A small number of Australian studies suggest that there are different patterns of service use. However, these studies are either drawn from single sites or utilise limited timeframes, and they are not strictly comparable with international studies as there is no equivalent to shelters in Australia. What remains unclear is whether service use patterns are agency‐specific or exist at a systems level, and the relationship between household characteristics and service utilisation. This paper fills this gap using a novel subset of an administrative dataset of 70,000 unique households that presented to six Initial Assessment and Planning services in metropolitan Melbourne between 2014 and 2020. Our findings suggest three distinct patterns of service use (light, periodic, and regular) and while we find no gender differences between the three clusters, regular users are younger and more likely to have a range of disabling conditions than light and periodic users. The paper concludes with implications for policy and practice.
Journals
2026 EN
Corbett Emily · McGann Michael · Considine Mark
+1 more
ABSTRACT There is increasing recognition within welfare services, including employment services, that many participants may have histories of trauma. Research suggests that experiences of trauma not only impact individuals' psychosocial health but also vocational elements such as job performance, employability, career progression, and financial security. Yet, there is a notable lack of research detailing effective strategies for the delivery of trauma‐informed employment services nor is there a well‐established, empirically‐tested model designed to assist such disadvantaged jobseekers in achieving long‐term employment. This scoping review examines what is known regarding trauma‐informed models within employment service delivery and social security systems, with a view to directing future research, practice, and policy recommendations. A total of 596 articles were identified through a comprehensive search across social science databases; 14 articles met the criteria and were included in this review. The study found that out of the articles examined, half ( n = 7) were primarily theoretical in design. There was a significant lack of empirical evidence concerning the outcomes of trauma‐informed employment services, including participants' experiences.
Journals
2026 EN
Rak Louise · Blakemore Tamara · Randall Elsie
+1 more
ABSTRACT Systems and structures designed to protect and support young people, specifically (in this paper) young women, are ironically the same systems that maintain gender disparity. Consequently, this has influenced the embodied identities of young women who experience and use violence. Such systemic and structural intersectionality has impacted upon and is enacted through generations of women, especially those who are more likely to be disproportionately impacted by micro and macro layers of discrimination due to age, race, religion, dis/ability and socioeconomic status. This paper draws on the narratives and experiences of 24 young women aged 13–18 who have experienced and used nonfatal violence. Their narratives chart the role of systemic oppression, community expectations, hierarchical group dynamics and identity formation in their experiences of violence. Findings centre on the experiences of young women, their words providing insight into motivators and drivers of female violence, which to date has been under‐researched and often poorly understood.
Journals
2026 EN
Taylor Helen · Bartels Lorana
ABSTRACT The relationship between homelessness or unstable housing and reincarceration is well documented. The initial month after a person is released from custody is a period of particular vulnerability, with an increased risk of homelessness and return to prison. The Justice Housing Programme (JHP) is a programme developed by the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government to provide transitional accommodation to adults leaving the ACT's prison. This paper presents key findings from a process evaluation of the JHP, drawing on interviews with 19 current and former JHP clients and 16 professional stakeholders involved in the programme, as well as a brief survey with 17 current and former clients.
Journals
2026 EN
Ciftci Sarah · Wilkinson Hannah · HewardBelle Susan
ABSTRACT Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is an insidious form of child sexual abuse (CSA) that impacts Australia's most vulnerable children and young people. Reports of CSE abuses experienced by children and young people living in out‐of‐home care (OOHC) have spurred urgent calls for improving responses to CSE in Australia. However, limited empirical research exists to inform policy and practice. This article presents findings from a pre‐training survey conducted in New South Wales, Australia, with child protection and law enforcement professionals. The mixed‐method survey sought to explore workforce understanding, practices, and confidence (‘capacities’) with recognising and responding to CSE. A total of 77 professionals working in OOHC services for the statutory child protection agency ( n = 33), non‐government organisations providing residential care ( n = 25), and police ( n = 19) participated in the survey. Findings point to the need for upskilling frontline professionals about the distinctiveness of CSE and practices they can engage in to both disrupt CSE and respond sensitively to victim‐survivors. Gaps in organisational capacity to disrupt CSE and enable multi‐agency working were also evident. The results reinforce calls for embedding a systemic framework for disrupting CSE across key areas: (1) legislation reform, (2) strengthening organisational policy and (3) workforce upskilling in proactive disruptive practices.
Journals
2026 EN
Mavrogordatos Th. K.
Abstract The nature of quantum jumps occurring between macroscopic metastable states of light in the open driven Jaynes–Cummings model is investigated. It is found that, in the limit of zero spontaneous emission considered in [H. J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev. X 5 , 031028 (2015)], https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031028 the jumps from a high‐photon state to the vacuum state entail two stages. The first part is coherent and modelled by the localization of a state superposition, in the example of a null‐measurement record predicted by quantum trajectory theory. The underlying evolution is mediated by an unstable state (which often splits to a complex of states), identified by the conditioned density matrix and the corresponding quasi probability distribution of the cavity field. The unstable state subsequently decays to the vacuum to complete the jump. Coherence in the localization allows for inverting the null‐measurement photon average about its initial value, to account for the full switch which typically lasts a small fraction of the average cavity lifetime; an asymptotic law for the jump time is established in high‐amplitude bistability. This mechanism is contrasted to the jumps leading from the vacuum to the high‐photon state in the bistable signal. Spontaneous emission degrades coherence in the localization, and prolongs the jumps.
Journals
2026 EN
Gamboa Jorge · TapiaArellano Natalia
ABSTRACT Infrared quantum electrodynamics (IR–QED) acquires a natural geometric interpretation once soft photons are described as adiabatically transported electron–photon clouds. Within this framework, the relevant infrared structure is encoded in a functional Berry phase associated with the space of gauge connections, and the corresponding Berry corrections modify the Rayleigh–Jeans spectrum. The infrared scaling symmetry of the Rayleigh–Jeans law leads to a simple renormalization–group equation whose solution determines the frequency dependence of an effective factorF eff ( ω ) $F_{\rm eff}(\omega)$ controlling the strength of the electron–photon cloud dressing. As a result, the energy density of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) receives a Berry‐induced correction that scales as a power law and produces a frequency‐dependent temperature excess in the radio domain. Although the exponent γ $\gamma$ governing this scaling behavior is not fixed internally by the present formulation of IR–QED and must instead be determined phenomenologically, the existence and structure of the excess are genuine predictions of the theory. Remarkably, the resulting expression is extremely simple and naturally aligns with the deviations suggested by the ARCADE 2 data. Taken together, these results indicate that Berry phases in IR–QED may lead to observable consequences in the low‐frequency tail of the CMB spectrum.