Journals
2026 EN
Zhang Xiaoyuan · Wu Changhui · Wang Enpeng
+4 more
Heteroaryl‐2‐boronic acids are challenging substrates in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Here, we report the efficient cross‐coupling of heteroaryl‐2‐boronic acids enabled by using nitro‐substituted aryl halides as the coupling partner under palladium catalysis. The nitro group not only boosts the reactivity of the reaction but also serves as a versatile handle for further functionalization. This method features a broad scope, excellent functional group tolerance, as well as high yields with a low catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. The utility of the methods is demonstrated by the derivatization of the product and the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical drug dantrolene.
Journals
2026 EN
Xu Chong · Huang Jingyan · Xia Yuling
+7 more
The potential of high‐nickel‐layered LiNi 1– x – y Co y Mn z O 2 (with 1– x – y > 0.6, NCM) cathode as frontrunners for the high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) lies in their high theoretical specific capacity and working potential. However, an inherent challenge arises from the formation of residual lithium compounds, leading to issues such as capacity deterioration, and suboptimal to deposition rage characteristics. Herein, this study leverages the prowess of plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology to effectively coat LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811) particles with a lithium reactive Co 3 O 4 layer. Consequently, these interventions yield tangible enhancements in the cycling performance and thermal stability of NCM811 materials. At a current density of 1 C, the initial specific capacity witnesses a noteworthy ascent from 152.9 mAh g −1 for the uncoated electrode to 169.1 mAh g −1 for the NCM811 cathode with Co 3 O 4 coating. After cycling for 200 cycles, the capacity retention rates register at 55.79% and 80.84%, respectively, for the uncoated and coated electrodes. Notably, the impact of Co 3 O 4 extends to bolstering the thermal stability of NCM811. In essence, this study harnesses ALD technology to cultivate a Co 3 O 4 ‐coated environment for NCM811, elevating cycling performance and enhancing thermal stability. These advancements hold profound implications for the evolution of LIB technology.
Journals
2026 EN
Ding Qinchao · Cao Feiwei · Lai Shanglei
+8 more
ABSTRACT Alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) has become a serious public health issue worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Lactobacillus helveticus ZJUIDS12 (Z12) on ALD. Z12 (10 9 CFU/day) significantly reversed alcohol‐induced liver injury, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by restoring lipid metabolism and gut barrier integrity. Z12's effects, abolished in antibiotic‐treated mice, involve gut microbiota, notably Clostridium sensu stricto 1, linked to Reg3γ upregulation. Clostridium butyricum (a representative strain of Clostridium sensu stricto 1) or butyric acid replicated Z12's benefits, which were absent in Reg3γ −/− mice. Further studies revealed that the heat‐inactivated postbiotics of Z12 and its secreted exopolysaccharides still significantly alleviated ALD, similar to the effects of the live Z12. Our present study suggests that Z12 probiotics and their postbiotics ameliorate alcohol‐induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury in mice by enhancing butyrate production via C. butyricum , mediated through the Reg3γ pathway. These findings support the therapeutic potential of probiotic and postbiotic interventions for ALD.
Journals
2026 EN
Ren Haiying · Guan Jun · Guo Jingru
ABSTRACT To address the limitations of existing product concept design (PCD) methods in the rapidly changing market environments, this study proposes a PCD method using e‐commerce product data and artificial intelligence techniques. First, data of competing e‐commerce products are acquired from an e‐commerce platform. Second, monthly sales of products are categorized and selected as the indicator for evaluating product concepts (PCs). Third, Doc2Vec is used to vectorize the product description to obtain the semantic representation of PCs, and a machine learning‐based PC evaluation model is built using the concept vector as features. Finally, a PC element library is built based on Word2Vec, and the tabu search algorithm is applied to identify the optimal combination of concept elements, determining the most favorable combination of PCs for the new product. Results indicate that the PC evaluation model based on multilayer perceptron achieves an average accuracy of 85.62% in predicting the quartiles of sales in the case of middle‐aged and elderly home products, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.96 to 0.99. The proposed PCD method can produce novel PCs with good market potential and a high degree of automation, improving the time efficiency and quality of PCD.
Journals
2026 EN
Wang Jiawei · Zhang Jingru · Kang Yuan
ABSTRACT Background In recent years, the integration of large language models has brought significant opportunities for advancing personalised learning in higher education. However, little attention has been paid to how students of different performance levels benefit from such tools, especially in creative disciplines. Objectives This study explored how two generative AI models, ChatGPT 4 and DeepSeek, support high‐ and low‐performing college design students in personalised learning and influence their AI‐assisted design performance, creative self‐efficacy, and engagement. Methods This study adopts a comparative quasi‐experimental design to examine the differential effects of two generative AI tools, ChatGPT and DeepSeek, on personalised learning outcomes in design education. Rather than serving as a passive control, both tools function as AI‐assisted learning conditions with distinct interaction styles and feedback structures. Results Results show that, compared with conventional creative methods, personalised learning based on both GAIs significantly improves student outcomes. ChatGPT users demonstrated higher creative self‐efficacy, while DeepSeek users exhibited greater engagement and AI‐assisted design performance. Although self‐efficacy and engagement were influenced by students' initial performance levels, AI‐assisted design performance improved consistently across groups. Semi‐structured interviews revealed that high‐performing students used ChatGPT to expand imagination and experiment with abstract concepts, while low‐performing students benefited from DeepSeek's structured prompts for clearer direction. Conclusions These different effects can be understood using Cognitive Load Theory, which shows that DeepSeek's organised outputs helped low‐performing students focus better, while ChatGPT's open‐ended feedback encouraged creative thinking for high‐performing learners. Overall, the findings underscore the necessity of differentiated AI integration strategies in design education, taking into account learner characteristics and instructional goals.
Journals
2026 EN
Cheng Jingru · Chen Ruina · Pan Hongqiu
+5 more
Abstract Anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ATLI) is the most harmful to anti‐tuberculosis (TB) treatment. This study aims to construct and validate a binary ATLI risk prediction model based on clinical data through seven machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine [LightGBM]). A retrospective cohort of 2356 TB patients followed between January 2017 and December 2024 was used to develop and evaluate the prediction model. Random undersampling was performed to address class imbalance problem. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select features and retained 27 of 31 original features. Seven ML algorithms were trained and the LightGBM model demonstrated optimal performance in testing set based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity (AUC = 0.789, sensitivity = 0.734, and specificity = 0.706). The model exhibited optimal simplicity and stability when incorporating the 8‐feature combination comprising baseline high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), triglycerides, total cholesterol (TCHOL), uric acid, total bilirubin (TBIL), globulin (GLB), and liver disease history (AUC = 0.764, sensitivity = 0.758, and specificity = 0.610), and Shapely additive explanations analysis also revealed that these variables were the most influential contributors. The optimal model maintained robust predictive ability in the external validation cohort (AUC = 0.721, sensitivity = 0.828, and specificity = 0.604). This study determined that the combination of baseline HDLC, GGT, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TCHOL), uric acid, TBIL, GLB, and liver disease history was an important predictor of ATLI through LightGBM model, which could help clinicians in the early identification of ATLI.
Journals
2026 EN
Ding Feng · Gong Shengkai · Luo Haotian
+13 more
ABSTRACT The capacity of host professional phagocytes to attenuate excessive inflammatory responses through pathogen cloaking during infection has been well‐established. However, the involvement of non‐professional phagocytes in this process remains unknown. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized mechanism by which lung epithelial cells (LECs) attenuate inflammatory responses during Staphylococcus aureus infection. S. aureus ‐challenged LECs rapidly shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying surface receptors capable of binding invading bacteria and forming EV‐bacteria complexes. The EV‐bacteria complexes were internalized by LECs via RhoA‐ROCK1‐actin‐driven endocytosis pathway, reducing free bacterial burden within the alveolar lumen. This EV‐mediated pathogen cloaking conferred acute‐phase protection, as demonstrated by mitigating early‐stage pulmonary inflammation, and improving survival rates in infected mice. Paradoxically, this strategy permitted chronic bacterial persistence and sustaining low‐grade inflammation. Our findings delineate a trade‐off mechanism that non‐professional phagocytes modulate acute bacterial infection and inflammatory responses via pathogen cloaking. This mechanistic perspective reframes non‐professional phagocytes as active architects of infection outcomes based on EV‐mediated host‐pathogen interactions. Our work provides insights into the mechanism of bacterial cloaking during infection and suggests stage‐specific therapeutic strategies.
Journals
2026 EN
Fan Chenli · Gui Yanxuan · Zheng Suolan
+3 more
ABSTRACT A Cu(OTf) 2 ‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of arylamines, aromatic aldehydes, and functionalized phenylacetylenes has been successfully accomplished. This strategy provides a wide range of structurally diversified triphenylamine‐tethered 2‐arylquinoline derivatives in good yields with a variety of extended π‐structures and functional group compatibility. The strategy described here is easily scalable and several useful synthetic transformations of the prepared functionalized 2‐arylquinoline derivatives were also performed. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of the synthesized products were evaluated, exhibiting interesting fluorescence properties with large Stokes shifts.
Journals
2026 EN
Li Dan · Lu Zhiyan · Chen Siyi
+12 more
ABSTRACT Objective Vocal fold leukoplakia is commonly managed with outpatient potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser therapy; however, limited data exist on the impact of different pathological grades on long‐term efficacy. This study retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes, identified prognostic factors, and provided insights to improve disease characterization and clinical management. Study Design Retrospective study (2017–2024). Methods Ninety two patients with vocal fold leukoplakia treated in Fudan Eye and ENT hospital (FD‐EENT) were included. The mean follow‐up period after the last treatment was 20.53 ± 17.32 months. Disease control was assessed by lesion regression using ImageJ analysis. Acoustic outcomes were evaluated using the Voice Handicap Index‐30 (VHI‐30), GRBAS scale, and other acoustic parameters. Results Patients underwent a mean of 1.6 treatment sessions. Following the last treatment, the lesion regression rates were 90.1% for no dysplasia, 81.75% for mild dysplasia, and 86.83% for moderate dysplasia, compared to 51.0% for severe dysplasia and 32.9% for carcinoma in situ (CIS). Patients with pathological grades of severe dysplasia and CIS showed significantly poorer treatment outcomes than those with milder dysplasia p = 0.0001). Conclusion Outpatient KTP laser effectively controls disease progression in vocal fold leukoplakia, with efficacy linked to the degree of dysplasia. KTP laser is an effective treatment for milder pathological dysplasia, but its efficacy diminishes in more severe stages. The treatment should be carefully considered for patients with severe dysplasia and CIS, with close follow‐up, and biopsy should be performed to monitor malignant transformation and prevent delayed treatment. Level of Evidence 4.
Journals
2026 EN
Wang Bo · Wang Haotian · Kang Yixin
+12 more
Abstract Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with unclear pathophysiology. Objective This study aimed to uncover clinically relevant metabolic networks derived from 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in PSP. Methods FDG and dopaminergic transporter PET data from 72 PSP patients and 70 healthy controls were analyzed, with an independent test set of 24 PSP patients. All patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessments. Using spatial independent component analysis, the study identified independent metabolic networks and examined their correlations with clinical features and striatal dopaminergic binding. Results Three distinct metabolic networks were identified in PSP: The first network demonstrated hypometabolism in dorsomedial thalamus (dmT), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and midbrain, termed the dmT‐mPFC network, negatively correlating with disease severity, functional disability and duration, and associating with gait/midline disturbances and ocular dysfunction. The second network displayed posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and lateral prefrontal hypometabolism (LPFC), named the PCC‐LPFC network, linking to disease severity, cognitive impairment, and parkinsonism. The third network exhibited preserved putamen metabolism with ventrolateral thalamus and sensorimotor cortex hypermetabolism, inversely relating to disease duration. Both dmT‐mPFC and PCC‐LPFC networks strongly correlated with striatal dopaminergic degeneration. The test set showed strong associations between cognitive impairment and the PCC–LPFC network, and between functional disability and the dmT–mPFC network, along with potential trends linking disease severity to these networks. Conclusion The robust clinical and dopaminergic‐related independent metabolic networks offer novel insights into disease pathophysiology, whereas their qualitative weighting offers a potential tool for staging disease severity. © 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.