Journals
2026 EN
Mahmood Ul Hasan Hafiz · Ahmad Ghafoor · Abu Bakar Muhammad
+1 more
Organosilicon compounds (OSCs), which consist of silicon atoms bonded to organic groups, have become vital in fields such as materials science, catalysis, and electronics. Their flexibility comes from the ability to adjust their properties by attaching different organic groups to the silicon framework. Despite many progresses, a key challenge persists in controlling the structure and reactivity of these compounds, particularly on a solid surface. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), are powerful tools for studying molecular behaviors at the atomic level. These techniques enable real space imaging and precise measurements, making them invaluable for understanding OSCs. This article examines the application of STM, STS, and AFM in the on‐surface chemistry of organosilicon, with a focus on molecular adsorption, self‐assembly, surface‐driven reactions, and innovative synthesis of nanostructures. These techniques can provide valuable insights into surface reactivity, molecular organization, and the formation of nanostructures, driving the development of advanced functional materials. Further, density functional theory offers exciting opportunities for advancing surface chemistry and nanomaterial design. This article highlights the critical role of SPM in pushing forward OSCs research and enabling the development of next‐generation organosilicon nanomaterials.
Journals
2026 EN
Kubota Miki · Takai Leo · Yamamoto Minami
+6 more
Abstract Longer‐wavelength (LW) computer vision (CV) monitoring techniques hold great potential as non‐destructive testing tools for daily necessities and industrial products, utilizing effective optical properties. Carbon nanotube (CNT) film photo‐thermoelectric image sensors facilities, such CV systems as broadband wavelength range operations over existing narrow‐band detectors at comparable sensitivity with them owing to the inherent advantageous material properties. Nevertheless, insufficient pixel integration of CNT image sensors requires extensive and time‐costing optical spatial scanning for CV measurements, limiting practical inspection applications at real‐time industrial sites. To this end, this work demonstrates LW computed tomography (CT, a representative CV method) monitoring system employing a 2D pixel‐array integrated CNT film PTE camera sheet and multi‐wavelength photo‐sources. The camera fabrication process utilizes air‐jet dispense‐printing and achieves high‐yield integration of CNT film pixels (20 mm‐15 mm‐sq. for pixel area, 60 pixels total). This work then performs structure reconstruction and material identification of a visibly opaque multi‐layered composite 3D object according to optical properties in the 976 nm–10.3 µm wavelength range by LW CT with the device. The presented CNT film camera completes its LW operation in ≈11 min for each wavelength, a 36.9 % time reduction compared to previous CT systems using 1D pixel‐array sensors.
Journals
2026 EN
Hoang Trung Thien · Zhou Hao · Le Hongquan
+3 more
ABSTRACT Wearable human‐machine interfaces (HMIs) are vital for seamless interactions between humans and machines in wearable assistive and rehabilitative technologies, digital, and mixed environments. Here, an innovative non‐invasive, lightweight, comfortable, and wearable HMI is introduced for gesture recognition. The proposed HMI combines reliable soft optical waveguide sensing mechanism and comfortable‐on‐human‐skin textile structures to create flat and thin textile‐based optical force myography (oFMG) sensors that can detect pressure signals generated from muscle activities. Constructed mostly from textiles, the presented oFMG sensors offer excellent wearability together with highly sensitive, stable, and durable sensing performance. Leveraging the high‐quality signals of the textile oFMG sensors and machine learning algorithms, a forearm‐worn textile oFMG armband developed can achieve the highest offline gesture recognition accuracy of 99.80%. The capabilities of the textile oFMG sensors in this study are demonstrated as wearable HMIs for control of a computer game and a robotic prosthetic hand, highlighting the promising potential of the textile oFMG HMI for a wide range of applications, from control interfaces in digital or mixed environment to gesture recognition systems for biomedical assistive and rehabilitative technologies.
Journals
2026 EN
Mohamad Fadil Nur Wardina Syahirah binti · Ahmad Rasid Nur Najiha binti · Verykios Apostolis
+2 more
Abstract In this study, the development of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) on biodegradable substrates is presented, with the aim of creating environmentally friendly portable devices. By using cellulose nanofibrillated fiber (CNF) as a bio‐based and biodegradable platform, the production of truly biodegradable, flexible, and high‐performance devices is enabled. The PeLEDs achieve a maximum luminance of 34 cd m − 2 , a current efficiency of 5.37 cd/ A −1 at a luminance of 8 cd m − 2 , and a power efficiency of 2.29 lm W −1 at 7 cd m − 2 . Additionally, highly stable perovskite layers are formed on the cellulose substrates, as the perovskite film experiences less strain on cellulose than on indium tin oxide. These findings underscore the potential of PeLEDs and suggest that biodegradable substrates can play a larger role in portable electronics than previously thought. This advancement opens the door to the development of sustainable portable devices that produce less persistent waste and help conserve valuable resources.
Journals
2026 EN
Bin Xinyu · Gao Ruxin · Chen Xiaoxuan
+3 more
Abstract In light of the detrimental impact of environmental pollution from particulate matter (PM), the potential of nanofiber filters to effectively filter air particles has garnered significant attention. However, it remains a challenge to modulate the fine spatial structure and enhance the filtration efficiency of nanofiber filters in one step using existing electrostatic spinning techniques. In this study, an efficient and controllable nanofiber filter is presented using annular air‐jet focused electrospinning composed of a focused airflow field and an electric field. The originally perturbed fibers are to be drawn and confined in a customized channel, creating a fluffy porous structure that is beneficial for fluid flow and adsorption‐interception of the tiny PM. Compared to electrospinning, the depositional area significantly is reduced from 51.33 ± 0.4 to 7.07 ± 0.2 cm 2 by controlling the parameters such as focused point, air pressure, and collector distance. These filters show high PM 0.3 removal efficiency (99.22%) and high porosity (71.24%). Importantly, the nanofiber filters can be formed by a one‐step method. Meanwhile, the prepared filters are also tested to be applicable and stable for cigarette smoke. The ability of AAFE to control fiber deposition in tiny‐caliber offers a streamlined approach to fabricating nanofiber filters.
Journals
2026 EN
Wadodkar Nikita A. · Salunke Rahul S. · Pawar Sarla K.
+6 more
Abstract Supercapacitors represent a transformative energy storage technology, bridging the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries through their exceptional power density, rapid charge/discharge capabilities, and extended cycle life. This comprehensive review examines recent breakthroughs in next‐generation supercapacitor technology, with particular emphasis on binder‐free electrode architectures and advanced fabrication methodologies. Cutting‐edge manufacturing techniques are systematically analyzed, including chemical vapor deposition, electrospinning, sol–gel processing, and additive manufacturing, highlighting their role in overcoming traditional limitations imposed by polymeric binders. The discussion encompasses novel material systems, such as graphene‐based architectures, transition metal compounds, and conductive polymer networks, which collectively enable enhanced specific capacitance (>500 F g −1 in optimized systems) and improved energy density while maintaining superior power characteristics. A critical evaluation of scalable production methods addresses the transition from laboratory innovations to industrial implementation, with specific attention to cost‐effectiveness and process sustainability. The review further explores emerging applications across diverse sectors, including: 1) renewable energy integration and grid stabilization, 2) electric vehicle power systems, and 3) flexible/wearable electronics. Through a comprehensive assessment of existing challenges and future directions, this review provides a constructive reference for researchers in materials science, electrochemistry, and energy engineering.
Journals
2026 EN
Raman Akhila · Asok Aparna · Singh Manoj Kumar
+4 more
ABSTRACT Natural fiber composites (NFCs) have been materialized as eco‐friendly, viable alternatives to synthetic fiber systems on account of its lightweight nature, biodegradability, and sustainability. Nevertheless, their restricted thermal resilience, mechanical properties, and moisture affinity confine their advanced applications. The emergence of 2D nanofillers offers a transformative solution to these challenges, enabling the integration of nanofillers with natural fibers to enhance their properties. The outstanding mechanical characteristics, high aspect ratios, and versatility of these nanostructures prove their potential to improve the inadequate properties of NFCs remarkably. This review elucidates the 2D nanofiller incorporation into natural fiber composites, concentrating on their synthesis, properties, applications, and compatibility with different natural fibers. Furthermore, the role of 2D nanostructures in enhancing the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of natural fibers and their impact on different applications is also extensively discussed. Overall, this review targets to bridge the research gap between sustainability and advanced materials science, laying the foundation for the innovative future of natural fiber composites.
Journals
2026 EN
Sharma Vidhika · Prasad Mohit · Patole Shashikant P.
+1 more
ABSTRACT Surface plasmon resonance in metal nanostructures is a promising method for enhancing solar water splitting and hydrogen production. Tunable plasmons offer a transformative approach for designing plasmonic semiconductor photoelectrodes with improved solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion efficiency. Materials such as metal oxides, chalcogenides, and non‐noble metals are particularly well‐suited for achieving tunable plasmonic properties. These materials are abundant, cost‐effective, and have a broad plasmonic response, making them ideal for large‐scale renewable energy applications. Localized surface plasmon resonance in these materials is often induced by doping, which increases free‐carrier concentrations and enhances their interaction with solar radiation. The electronic band structures and optical properties of these materials can be finely tuned through advanced synthetic methods and nanoscale structural engineering. Such modifications improve light absorption, charge carrier dynamics, and interfacial catalysis, collectively boosting solar energy capture and conversion into chemical energy. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms of hot‐carrier generation and evaluates the potential of tunable plasmon‐based photoelectrodes in solar water splitting. It provides a scientific foundation for the rational design of next‐generation plasmonic systems for efficient energy conversion. This interdisciplinary field combines insights from plasmonics, surface chemistry, and nanomaterials science, highlighting its importance in developing sustainable energy solutions.
Journals
2026 EN
Chowdhury Chandra
ABSTRACT Van der Waals homobilayers, comprising two identical layers of a 2D material, are significant due to their tunable electronic properties and potential applications in advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as transistors, photodetectors, and solar cells. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) and optimization methods to predict the bandgaps of these homobilayers. The Extra Tree Regressor (ETR), which features 48 attributes, provides reasonable accuracy. To enhance predictive performance, we integrate three optimization approaches evaluated across 1000 experiments. The ETR model achieves precise results while necessitating a reduced number of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Gaussian Process (GP) model, in conjunction with Bayesian optimization, improves prediction by utilizing probabilistic outputs and uncertainty assessments. We subsequently employed a hybrid methodology that combines ETR and GP models: initially utilizing ETR for fast exploration and then shifting to GP for enhanced optimization. The suggested hybrid method exhibits efficiency and accuracy, attaining robust prediction ability while utilizing fewer computer resources ‐ showing its applicability in future research.
Journals
2026 EN
Palacios Pablo F. · Algora Carlos
Abstract Technology Computer‐Aided Design (TCAD) modeling is a vital tool for the design of complex optoelectronic devices such as III‐V multijunction solar cells. In this work, Bayesian optimization is proposed as a robust framework that is able to tackle difficulties that arise in the optimization of expensive to evaluate black‐box functions, such as TCAD solvers. This method is applied to a lattice‐matched GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple junction solar cell, which incorporates a distributed Bragg reflector for space applications. The results show a path to increase the efficiency of current commercial space triple junction solar cells.