Journals
2025 EN
Verma Akrit · Vyas Manish · Sahu Sanjeev Kumar
Abstract Cancer remains a significant global health challenge characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells. While conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective, they often cause severe side effects, driving interest in alternative therapies derived from medicinal plants. These plants are rich in bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids, which exhibit promising anticancer properties. This review focuses on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for identifying and characterizing these phytochemicals, highlighting its value in natural product research due to its precise separation and identification capabilities. An analysis of over 30 studies identified key compounds with significant cytotoxic effects. Limonene (IC 50 : 47–57.34 µg/mL for A549, HepG2, CaCo, and PANC‐1 cells), squalene (IC 50 : 26.22 µg/mL for JURKAT), sesamin (IC 50 : 52–57.2 µg/mL for MCF‐7 and HCT116 cells), and β ‐caryophyllene (IC 50 : 19.4–58.2 µg/mL for ME‐180 and MCF‐7 cells) have exhibited potent anticancer activities. Despite its advantages, GC‐MS realizes limitations, including difficulty in differentiating structural isomers and detecting low‐abundance compounds. Integrating GC–MS with complementary analytical techniques can overcome these challenges and enhance phytochemical profiling. Addressing bioavailability challenges and conducting clinical trials is essential for translating these promising findings into effective cancer therapies. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals as safer alternatives to conventional treatments.
Journals
2025 EN
Metta Shanmukha Rao · Sahu Uttam Kumar · Sahu Manoj Kumar
+2 more
Abstract This study utilized the magnetic Fe 3 O 4 ‐MnO 2 composite for As(III) removal by Box–Behnken design (BBD) model based on response surface methodology. The main objective of this study was to reduce the operational runs with the help of modeling with maximum accurate output and oxidized toxic from As(III) to As(V) with the help of MnO 2 , after that As(V) adsorbed on the composite surface. The composite had a good surface area (247.09 m 2 /g), magnetic property (16.50 emu/g), and mesoporous nature. Under batch‐optimized conditions, as obtained from the model (0.190 g composite dose, initial As(III) concentration 10.34 mg/L and pH 3.2) about 96% As(III) was removed from the aqueous solution. Langmuir model was able to describe the equilibrium data analysis with an uptake capacity of 81.16 mg/g. The adsorption process of As(III) on the Fe 3 O 4 ‐MnO 2 composite surface was best fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model. Thermodynamics analysis suggested the spontaneous and endothermic nature of As(III) adsorption. The regenerated composite was able to remove 88% of As(III) and its stability was also checked up to the fourth cycle. Adsorption mechanism studies showed that As(III) oxidized to As(V) and then adsorbed on the Fe 3 O 4 ‐MnO 2 composite surface.
Journals
2025 EN
Mishra Abhishek · Sankar Satapathy Bhabani · Gatadi Srikanth
+3 more
Abstract Garcinol (GL) exhibits profound antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, contributing to its promising neuroprotective action. Recent reports disseminate the capacity of GL to influence neuronal growth and survival, altering the neurochemical status in the brain and regulating memory and cognition. Thus, the concomitant neuro‐rescue property of garcinol may render it an effective therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging data relating histone acetylation abnormalities to the course of neurodegenerative disorders provides an effective basis to explore GL as an anti‐AD therapeutic. The present study aims to unveil the anti‐AD potentiality of GL through a comprehensive in silico approach involving ADMET screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation analysis supported by in vitro analysis. ADMET analysis demonstrated higher bioavailability and lower GL toxicity. High binding affinity (> 10) of GL with key anti‐AD mediators was predicted from molecular docking study. Also, molecular dynamic simulation proves GL could fit into the 6IYC binding pocket with favorable and stable ligand‐protein interactions. In vitro DPPH analysis revealed excellent antioxidant potency of GL. MTT data showed the non‐toxic nature of GL on healthy brain cells. Outcome of the study would be helpful in futuristic studies of GL to establish it as a potent drug candidate in AD.
Journals
2025 EN
Joshi Kirthi · Singh Satyam · Sharma Manju
+1 more
Abstract NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the assemblage of the components in a binary mixture of glycerol and water by systematically varying the glycerol content and the pH (acidity) of the medium. NMR studies show that chemical shifts of glycerol alkyl protons move upfield (low‐frequency shift or shielding) and water protons move downfield (high‐frequency shift or deshielding). Molecular dynamics studies provide evidence for an increase in CH─OH interactions between glycerol molecules, an increase in cluster size of glycerol, and spatial localization of water with an increase in glycerol concentration or a decrease in the pH (from neutral to acidic, pK a ∼ 5) of the medium for a given concentration of glycerol. The intra‐ and intercomponent interaction energies vary systematically with glycerol concentration across the pH scale. Translational diffusion of clusters suggests that the average size of the dynamic clusters of glycerol increases from 2 to 8 monomers as the glycerol level in the binary mixture is raised from ∼ 5% to 60%, irrespective of the medium acidity. The preferential interactions of glycerol and water are explained by invoking the concept of composition fluctuation.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahoo Tejaswini · Swain Subrat · Panda Jagannath
+6 more
Abstract Groundwater quality in Deogarh district, Odisha, was assessed with a focus on fluoride contamination and its potential impact on human health. While most samples showed fluoride levels within safe limits, about 5.3% exceeded the permissible standards set by WHO, BIS, and USEPA, raising health concerns. Interestingly, 76% of the samples had fluoride levels below the recommended minimum, which could lead to issues such as dental caries and weakened bones. Based on the water quality index (WQI), the groundwater in the area was classified as moderately polluted. A clear link was observed between higher fluoride levels and factors like increased pH and bicarbonate concentration, suggesting that natural rock weathering plays a major role in fluoride release. Human activities, including the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and industrial waste discharge, further contribute to the contamination. Health risk analysis showed that children are more vulnerable to fluoride exposure than adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for better water management practices, regular monitoring, and awareness to ensure safe drinking water for communities in the region.
Journals
2025 EN
G Annie Celin · Sahu Jyoti
Abstract Corrosion is the progressive deterioration of metals due to chemical interactions with the environment. This involves the appearance of rust, typically in aquatic settings under moisture and oxygen. This work introduces hybrid Ag–TiO ₂ –SiO ₂ nanoparticles as a protective covering of mild steel in harsh environments. While the synthesis of TiO ₂ –SiO ₂ nanoparticles was done using the sol‐gel technique, AgNPs were synthesized in green from almond leaf extract. The hybrid nanocomposite was sputtered onto mild steel to promote adhesion and ensure long‐term protection. The structural and compositional investigation of XRD, SEM, and FTIR accorded the coating integrity. Electrochemical experiments revealed high corrosion resistance, minimal metal degradation, and an impressive 97.5% inhibition efficiency. In addition to corrosion protection, the coating displayed antibacterial efficiency. It was quantified using distinct and measurable zones of inhibition studies against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , which makes it suitable for applications where durability and cleanliness are desired. This study provides a sustainable and multipurpose response for high‐tech maritime, biomedical, and industrial solutions in industries needing intense and persistent corrosion protection.
Journals
2025 EN
Swain Sanhita · Jena Ashis Kumar · Majhi Arakshita
+1 more
Abstract The adverse side effects of chemotherapeutic agents such as daunorubicin (DAN) demand a simple reliable detection technique that not only helps to regulate the drug concentration in patients’ bodies but also reduces water pollution. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescence, colorimetric, and smartphone‐based sensor was developed for the detection of DAN using nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs). The N‐CDs showed blue fluorescence with high fluorescence quantum yield of 33.48%. The N‐CDs exhibited a fast (30 secs), selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescence response towards DAN with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.53 µM. Furthermore, these N‐CDs showed a good linear response towards DAN in colorimetry and smartphone detection method. The N‐CDs based smartphone assisted colorimetric platform provides the on‐site quantitative detection and naked eye visualization of DAN. To ensure the practical applicability of the triple‐mode N‐CDs probe, it was employed for the detection of DAN in blood serum and tap water samples. The recovery percentage of DAN in blood serum and tap water was satisfactory within the range between 92.92% − 112.45% and 92.26%–114.68% respectively.
Journals
2025 EN
Goswami Debabrat · Borbhuyan Tanzina Firdoushi · Dam Binoyargha
+2 more
Abstract Given the significant applications of quinoxalinones in medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemistry, developing an efficient synthetic approach for their facile assembly has received substantial attention in synthetic chemistry. Conversely, it has been established that incorporating fluorine into organic molecules either alters or enhances the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the target molecules. In this context, the synergic combination of the synthetic and medicinal properties associated with quinoxaline‐2(1 H )‐ones, and the wide chemical landscape associated with fluorine‐containing organic compounds, installing fluorine atom either as a single atom or as di/tri‐substituted groups on the C‐3 position of quinoxalin‐2(1 H )‐one under visible light irradiation is of increasing academic and scientific interests. In this mini‐review article, we covered the recent progress achieved in various visible light‐induced direct functionalization of quinoxaline‐2(1 H )‐ones for accessing diverse C3‐substituted quinoxalinones embedded with mono/di/tri‐substituted fluorine. Despite discussing the advantages, shortcomings, and challenges associated with the reaction discovery, their mechanistic rationalizations are also underscored.
Journals
2025 EN
Tripathy Swagatika · Sahu Uttam Kumar · Patel Raj Kishore
+2 more
Abstract The surface modification of a low‐cost biochar using zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and the enhanced aqueous phase methylene blue (MB) remediation. ZnCl 2 ‐modified baheda pulp‐derived biochar (ZnBPC) was synthesized. The physico‐chemical alterations of baheda pulp‐derived biochar (BPC) and ZnBPC surface before and post‐MB adsorption were investigated thoroughly following instrumental techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, FESEM, TEM, BET, Raman, zeta potential, and TGA analysis. The zinc oxide particles (in ZnBPC) were a size of less than 12 nm, evident from the SAED pattern of TEM analysis. BET analysis indicates ZnBPC (291.261 m 2 g −1 ), concerning BPC (23.532 m 2 g −1 ), had a significant increase in surface area of more than 10 times. The adsorption features of ZnBPC were successfully enhanced with an equilibrium percentage of dye removal of 99.8% for 50 mL (10 mg L −1 ) of MB solutions, considering batch adsorption experiments. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be followed by the MB adsorption phenomenon, with an adsorption capacity of 33.33 mg g −1 and R 2 = 0.969. The data from the thermodynamic experiment revealed that the MB adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. According to kinetic investigations, the experimental data are best fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The material demonstrated outstanding sorption‐based performance over five consecutive cycles.
Journals
2025 EN
Panigrahi Abhishek Ramachandra · Sahu Monika · Beura Samir Kumar
+6 more
ABSTRACT Homocysteine (Hcy) plays a critical role in cellular metabolism. Elevated levels of Hcy are associated with various pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. In this research, a highly sensitive and selective biosensor was developed for Hcy detection using reduced graphene oxide (rGO), thionine (Thi), gold nanoparticle (AuNP), and poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The prepared sensor was highly sensitive with a limit of detection 3.3 µM and a linear detection range from 10 to 60 µM. The sensor was highly specific and selective for Hcy in the presence of interferents and in human serum samples. The sensor was found to be reproducible with multiple electrodes and showed stability for a week. Developed nanofabricated rGO/AuNP/Thi/ITO platform can be further explored for detection of various clinical biomarkers.