Journals
2026 EN
Nunes Margarida · Vieira Joana Costa · Costa Ana Paula
+7 more
Iron gall inks (IGIs) played a central role as a writing medium in Western countries, leaving behind a vast legacy and significant conservation challenges. This study presents a twofold methodological approach to investigate the physicochemical behaviour of IGI‐based formulations found in historical Portuguese sources. Fresh and 6‐month naturally aged precipitates and supernatant solutions (dried inks) were characterised, and the impact of IGIs on Whatman paper over ageing was studied using attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Iron(II) sulphates comprised the primary crystalline phase in the precipitates, while the dried inks consisted of distinct Fe(III)‐polyphenol (PPh) complexes. Over time, Fe(III) Mössbauer parameters supported complex structural alterations. IGI‐induced degradation on aged mockups was attested by Fe(II) oxalate formation until total depletion of the Fe(III)‐PPh fraction. pH, ATR‐FT‐IR and degree of polymerisation analyses suggested that cellulose oxidation is the primary degradation mechanism, and the physical properties and XRD corroborated that the cellulose structure became disordered over ageing. The ink with the higher weight ratio of Fe(II) sulphate:gallnuts (unbalanced) exhibited the most aggressive action on the support. The results confirm that the more unbalanced the ink composition, the more severe its impact, with ink concentration per surface area also being a critical factor in paper decay.
Journals
2026 EN
Fausti Mattia · Arrico Lorenzo · Cesari Andrea
+8 more
The determination of the biodistribution of cyclodextrin‐based (nano)materials represents a critical point for their development and in vivo use as drug carriers and gene‐delivery systems. In this work, we report the design and preparation of a Eu(III)‐based emissive probe based on a new adamantyl‐appended β ‐diketone. This probe has favorable emission and structural features, as it is endowed with a long lifetime (280 µs). Also, it is able to form a stable supramolecular inclusion complex with virtually any cyclodextrin‐based systems. With such an emissive probe, time‐resolved fluorescence imaging techniques could be exploited to obtain images with higher contrast and hence enhanced quality, allowing one to follow the fate of cyclodextrin‐based delivery systems in complex biological media, such as cells and tissues.
Journals
2026 EN
Viisanen Maria · Raittio Eero · Ikävalko Tiina
+6 more
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the present study was to examine whether the parental socioeconomic status of children was related to the number of orthodontic visits or orthodontic care from birth to adolescence. Material and Methods The analyses are based on data from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study in a population sample of 504 children aged 7–9 years at baseline in 2007–2009. Parental education and household income at baseline were used as indicators of parental socioeconomic status. The number of orthodontic visits from birth to the age of 16 years was obtained from local healthcare registers. Results On average, the participants had 16.1 (standard deviation [SD] 15.6) orthodontic visits during the follow‐up period of 15.9 (SD 0.72) years. Of the participants, 58% had received orthodontic care, defined as at least six orthodontic visits including at least one orthodontic procedure and not just screening visits, and they had, on average, 25.8 (SD 14.1) orthodontic visits over the follow‐up. Neither parental education nor household income was associated with the number of orthodontic visits or receiving orthodontic care during the follow‐up. For instance, compared to low parental education and income groups, high education (−2.86; 95% confidence interval: −6.75; 1.03) and income groups (−0.08; 95% confidence interval: −4.66; 4.51) did not have considerably different numbers of orthodontic visits over the follow‐up. Among children from families with lower parental education who received orthodontic care, boys had, on average, 21 visits (95% confidence interval: 16; 26) and girls had 31 visits (95% confidence interval: 25; 36). Conclusions Parental socioeconomic status did not seem to affect the number of orthodontic visits or the receipt of orthodontic care among children living in the city of Kuopio, Finland. Clinical Trial Registration The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study (PANIC) was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01803776
Journals
2026 EN
Drago Carlo · Manzari Alberto · Di Nallo Loris
+1 more
ABSTRACT This study investigates how European financial institutions disclose social sustainability information by analyzing the structure and intensity of social reporting within the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework. Drawing on a sample of 68 sustainability reports from 2020, covering listed banks and insurance companies, the research adopts a quali‐quantitative approach. In the first phase, a content analysis was conducted using MAXQDA Analytics Pro, enabling the extraction and coding of textual elements associated with 19 GRI social indicators. Disclosure data were systematically identified and transformed into standardized variables through a structured keyword‐based methodology. In the second phase, these variables were analyzed using the ClustOfVar algorithm, which allows for the clustering of mixed‐type data. The results identify six robust and interpretable clusters representing key dimensions of social disclosure: employment and diversity; occupational health and safety; training and human capital development; supplier social assessment; stakeholder and community engagement; and customer data protection. A composite disclosure score was computed for each institution across the clusters, enabling detailed and comparative profiling. The empirical evidence highlights a marked heterogeneity in reporting practices across institutions. While some organizations adopt a comprehensive and multi‐dimensional disclosure strategy, others focus on selected social aspects, suggesting diverse strategic orientations and stakeholder priorities. The findings also reveal thematic areas that are systematically underreported, such as human rights due diligence and supply chain social risks. This study contributes to the literature by providing a replicable quali‐quantitative framework for analyzing social sustainability disclosure. It offers valuable insights for standard setters, financial analysts, and stakeholders aiming to assess the transparency and strategic coherence of social reporting in the financial sector.
Journals
2026 EN
Santos Adriana · Coelho Arnaldo · Neves Maria Elisabete Duarte
ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and customer loyalty through a systematic review of 408 articles published between 2004 and 2024 in Web of Science and Scopus. A bibliometric analysis conducted with R and VOSviewer examined annual publication trends, leading journals, and highly cited articles, thematic developments, and term co‐occurrence patterns. Results indicate consistent growth in research over the past two decades, with China emerging as the leading contributor, largely driven by government directives and firms' alignment with international sustainability standards. Prominent publication outlets include Sustainability , Journal of Marketing , and Journal of Business Ethics , with Bhattacharya and Sen identified in 2014 as the most influential authors. Thematic mapping positions “loyalty” as a motor theme and “CSR” as an emerging domain, while “innovation” and “customer perception” appear as central but underexplored areas. “Consumer behavior” is highlighted as a promising avenue for future inquiry. Building on these findings, further research could focus on the role of CSR in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals, the underlying motivations for CSR engagement, the interplay between CSR and innovation, and the extension of sustainable practices within B2B contexts.
Journals
2026 EN
Mousa Sharifa Khalid · FernandezCrehuet Jose Maria · Thaher Yousef Ayman Yousef
ABSTRACT This study investigates the mediating role of green innovation (GI) in the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) practices and economic and social performance, while also examining the moderating influence of environmental strategy on the link between GI and performance outcomes within Palestinian healthcare organizations. A quantitative approach was employed using a structured survey, with data analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM)—a robust statistical method well‐suited for hypothesis testing in complex models. The findings confirm that GHRM practices and GI both directly and indirectly enhance economic and social performance. Notably, GI was identified as a key mechanism through which GHRM drives sustainable outcomes. However, the study found that environmental strategy does not exert a statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between GI and performance in this context. These results underscore the critical role of GI in translating HR sustainability practices into tangible organizational benefits. This research contributes to the literature by clarifying the dynamics between GHRM, GI, and sustainable performance in a service sector that has received limited empirical attention—especially in developing and politically constrained contexts such as Palestine. The study offers theoretical insights into how strategic HR and innovation initiatives intersect to support sustainability and provides practical recommendations for healthcare managers and policymakers. In particular, it highlights the transformative potential of GHRM and GI for promoting economic and social sustainability in resource‐constrained environments, offering a valuable roadmap for other developing nations facing similar challenges.
Journals
2026 EN
Moisello Anna Maria · Gottardo Pietro · Gavana Giovanna
ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of board cultural diversity on ESG disclosure in family firms, exploring the mediating role of the CSR committee. Using a sample of 298 listed European non‐financial family firms (2013–2022) and 2SLS models, we demonstrate that cultural diversity is positively associated with ESG disclosure, and the presence of a CSR committee mediates this relationship. Additionally, family ownership, family presence on the board, and CEO ownership are found to be negatively correlated with ESG disclosure. The results confirm the effectiveness of the CSR committee as a cognitive‐institutional mechanism that channels the board's cognitive resources into more structured sustainability practices. Findings provide policy guidance for enhancing ESG disclosure in family firms via board diversity and CSR committees.
Journals
2026 EN
Omidvar Mohammadsadegh · Candar Pelin · Palazzo Maria
ABSTRACT This study focusses on how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives affect consumer engagement, with a particular focus on brand love (BLv), brand loyalty (BL), and both word‐of‐mouth (WOM) and electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) communication. It seeks to uncover how a brand's dedication to ethical standards and social responsibility shapes consumers' emotional bonds with the brand, their purchasing habits, and their propensity to recommend the brand, both in person and online. By exploring these connections, the study intends to deliver important perspectives on the role of CSR in building strong, positive relationships between brands and their consumers. For this research, data from 399 online surveys conducted with hotel customers in Antalya was utilized. The conceptual framework was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The outcomes demonstrate that all dimensions of CSR significantly and directly influence BLv and BL. Additionally, the outcomes reveal that BLv and loyalty directly and significantly influence WOM and e‐WOM.
Journals
2026 EN
Zaccone Maria Cristina
ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether and to what extent corporate sustainability policies attract shareholder activism—and whether such attention is general or selectively targeted. While sustainability initiatives are typically viewed as signals of legitimacy and ethical commitment, we argue that they may also heighten stakeholder expectations and intensify scrutiny of internal governance practices. Drawing on signaling theory, we conceptualize sustainability policies as external signals of stakeholder‐oriented values that may invite greater activist attention when misaligned with governance mechanisms. Using a longitudinal dataset of Fortune 250 US firms from 2011 to 2019, we find that sustainability policies do not generate a broad increase in shareholder activism. Instead, they channel activist focus toward symbolically salient governance issues, particularly CEO compensation. This targeted attention is amplified in firms with strong reputational capital, where inconsistencies between sustainability rhetoric and internal practices are more visible and normatively charged. By shifting the focus from whether sustainability invites activism to where that activism is directed, this study offers new insights into the selective nature of shareholder responses to sustainability signaling.
Journals
2026 EN
Ferri Luca · Iuorio Maria · Maffei Marco
+1 more
ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore the public officials' intention to implement and use sustainable public procurement in Italian municipalities. The study posits on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior and employs a structural equation model estimation on data gathered through a Likert‐based questionnaire disseminated among Italian public officials in 2025. Main findings show that subjective norm, attitude, and perceived behavioral control are the main predictors of the intention to adopt sustainable procurement practices. Additionally, sustainability awareness and training significantly strengthen this intention. The study provides relevant insights into the debate on sustainable public procurement by highlighting the factors that influence public decision‐making and the moderating role of perceived complexity in the decision process. This empirical contribution enriches the discussion on the adoption of sustainable procurement in the Italian public sector, offering practical implications by integrating the TPB with contextual variables and shedding light on the psychological and institutional mechanisms involved.