Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Saugata · Amrutha Ammathnadu S. · Tamaoki Nobuyuki
ABSTRACT The use of photoswitchable ligand to control the protein functionalities and related downstream effects in an on‐off manner is an active research area in photopharmacology and medicinal chemistry. Temporal control grants a privilege to identify the crucial role of a particular receptor in biological occurrences without destroying the protein permanently. Additionally, light can be applied site‐selectively to regulate protein functionality with cellular and sub‐cellular levels of spatial resolutions. The spatiotemporal resolution enables the probing of a specific receptor, a receptor isoform, or a particular signalling pathway. This reversible and fast spatiotemporal control is highly beneficial in studying protein functionalities in highly dynamic biological processes, including but not limited to signal transduction, neurotransmission, cell divisions, immune response, protein folding, and protein degradation. Though several light‐active ligands have been developed to control protein functionality in an on‐off manner efficiently, only a few reports on protein functionality with spatial resolution exist in the literature. Major challenges to achieve efficient photoswitches to study protein functionalities are efficient synthesis strategy, photostability of the ligand, bidirectional visible light switching ability and most importantly precise controlling of the local concentration of desired photoisomer using light. The site‐specific localization of the active photoisomer depends on multiple factors like the nature of the photoswitch, the binding affinity of both photoisomers, molecular diffusion and light irradiation conditions. The present review discusses suitable techniques and the role of different factors in achieving cellular and subcellular dimension control in protein functionality. Multiple strategies are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations, to explore the enormous potentiality of these approaches in manipulating protein functionality.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Harekrushna · Deb Burman Pramit Kumar · Gnanamoorthy Palingamoorthy
+5 more
Abstract Latent heat flux (LE) is a measure of the water exchange between Earth's surface and atmosphere, also known as evapotranspiration. It is a fundamental component in the Earth's energy budget and hydrological cycle and plays an important role in regulating the weather and climate. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) offers a gap‐filled biophysical product for LE at 8‐day temporal and 500‐meter spatial resolutions. Nonetheless, validation against the in situ eddy covariance measurement reveals significant errors in MODIS LE estimation. Our study integrates ground‐measured, reanalysis and satellite data to predict LE by leveraging the advantage of the data‐driven method. The study draws upon flux data derived from the AsiaFlux database, alongside reanalysis datasets from the Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) products, as well as biophysical measurements from the MODIS satellite. An analysis of the annual water budget, based on ERA5 precipitation data, highlights net positive water balances across the study sites. By harnessing diverse datasets, we employ various machine learning regression algorithms. We find the support vector regression superior to linear, lasso, random forest, adaptive boosting and gradient boosting algorithms. This study highlights the robustness of support vector regression and accentuates the impact of climatic and environmental conditions on model performance, ultimately contributing to more precise predictions of latent heat flux.
Journals
2025 EN
Upadhyay Prabhat · Kumar Sudhir · Chellammal Hanish Singh Jayasingh
+4 more
ABSTRACT The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the aging process and the onset of age‐related diseases, offering promising targets for dietary interventions to support healthy aging. This diverse microbial community influences metabolism, immune function, and gut homeostasis, all of which are impacted by diet. Nutrients such as dietary fiber, polyphenols, plant‐based proteins, and fermented foods promote beneficial microbes and metabolites like short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which help reduce inflammation and protect against chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, aging is often accompanied by reduced microbial diversity and dysbiosis, contributing to chronic low‐grade inflammation or, “inflammaging.” Dietary strategies incorporating prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics may help restore microbial balance and mitigate age‐related decline. Despite advances, challenges remain in translating microbiota research to clinical practice due to individual variability, limited human trials, and issues of accessibility. This review highlights the potential of microbiota‐focused diets in managing age‐related diseases and promoting longevity.
Journals
2025 EN
Wei Tong · Sahu Sunil Kumar · Rahman Hifzur
+3 more
ABSTRACT Marginal agricultural lands play a critical role in global food security, especially for smallholder farmers in developing countries. However, these farmers are disproportionately affected by food insecurity and malnutrition and often rely on marginal lands for their livelihoods. These lands, characterized by poor soil quality, limited rainfall, steep slopes and other constraints, pose significant challenges such as low yields, high input costs, and environmental degradation. Although, there are suitable technologies for almost every marginal land, not many have used the appropriate technologies to harness the untapped potential in a sustainable manner. This perspective examines the key challenges of marginal agriculture while exploring emerging opportunities to boost both productivity and sustainability. We highlight innovations in agricultural technologies, the cultivation of alternative crops, climate change adaptation strategies, and incentives for sustainable practices that could transform areas into productive agriculture landscapes. Realizing this potential requires coordinated efforts of policymakers, researchers, plant breeders, farmers, and consumers. By tackling these challenges, we can improve smallholder livelihoods and make meaningful contributions towards global food security and sustainable development goals.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Anurag · Gangwani Ishika · Kumar Arvind
+1 more
ABSTRACT This study presents a 2 × 2 sequentially rotated patch antenna array designed for a body area network (BAN) biotelemetry system operating in the unlicensed 5.8 GHz band. Circular polarization is achieved by truncating two diagonally opposite corners of the square patches, which excites two orthogonal modes within the antenna. This design enables the generation of circularly polarized radiation with enhanced characteristics in terms of bandwidth and gain. A prototype of the antenna array was manufactured and experimentally validated, demonstrating strong agreement between the simulated and measured results in terms of impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, gain, and radiation characteristics. The measured results show that the antenna operates from 5.65 to 5.91 GHz with a peak gain of 9.8 dBic. With its compact and low‐profile design, the proposed antenna is well‐suited for low‐profile devices operating in the ISM band for biomedical applications.
Journals
2025 EN
Sarma Utpal Kumar · Sahu Sidhartha Kumar · Kshetrimayum Rakhesh Singh
ABSTRACT An antenna with both pattern and frequency reconfigurability is reported for the first time. This antenna comprises of four surrounding liquid dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) excited by a solid central DRA which is made up of polylactic acid (PLA). The containers for liquid DRA is made up of nylon and ethyl acetate is filled. Depending on how many and which peripheral cylindrical containers are filled up with ethyl acetate, there is different antenna pattern and operating frequency. It is a versatile technique for achieving both pattern and frequency reconfigurability. It is observed that this central DRA is excited withT E 01 δ$T{E}_{01\delta }$ mode. In the parasitic liquid DRAs, not pureT E 01 δ$T{E}_{01\delta }$ mode but quasiT E 01 δ$T{E}_{01\delta }$ mode is noticed. From one liquid DRA up to all four liquid DRAs of different combinations, Uni‐directional, Bi‐directional, and Quad‐directional radiation patterns are observed. Frequency re‐configurability is also obtained in the simulated bandwidth of (3.26–3.67 GHz) and maximum measured impedance bandwidth of 11.73% (3.21–3.61 GHz) for this low‐profile antenna of 0.17 λ 0${\lambda }_{0}$ × 1.0 λ 0${\lambda }_{0}$ dimension, whereλ 0${\lambda }_{0}$ is the wavelength of the operating frequency. Transformation of broadside to end‐fire radiation pattern is also observed. Maximum measured gain obtained is 5.0 dBi with high radiation efficiency from simulation (mimimum 98% for all four cases).
Journals
2025 EN
Pandey Aditi · Tiwari Nidhi · Sahu Amrita
+1 more
ABSTRACT Accurate assignment of metabolites is the backbone of metabolomics studies. Two‐dimensional (2D) NMR plays a critical role in the accurate assignment of metabolites. Characterization of 2D spectra such as 1 H– 13 C HSQC and 1 H– 1 H TOCSY combined with database queries enables reliable metabolite identification for metabolic profiling and biological interpretation. However, recording a high‐quality 1 H– 13 C HSQC spectrum at 13 C natural abundance in biofluids requires extensive NMR signal averaging, often taking up to 24 h. Reducing the number of t 1 increments or scans is not useful in metabolomics as it compromises the sensitivity needed to detect low‐abundance metabolites. “NMR by Ordered Acquisition using 1 H detection,” or NOAH, supersequences are ideally suited for accelerated data collection in biofluids. Instead of shortening individual experiments, NOAH enables the simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D experiments without compromising sensitivity. The principle of NOAH lies in utilizing the undisturbed magnetization from one experiment (e.g., 1 H– 13 C HSQC) for subsequent experiments (e.g., 1 H– 1 H TOCSY) within the same scan. Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of the HSQC + TOCSY NOAH‐2 supersequence for metabolomics applications. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of biofluids, even regular 2D TOCSY spectra often suffer from signal overlap, arising from numerous metabolite peaks, multiplet structures, and limited 1 H chemical shift dispersion. The pure shift F 1 ‐PSYCHE TOCSY experiment addresses this challenge by offering a single peak per resonance, thereby greatly reducing signal overlap. In this work, we present HSQC + F 1 ‐PSYCHE TOCSY NOAH‐2 supersequence for the analysis of human urine.
Journals
2025 EN
Yadav Satyam · Sharma Amit · Kurmi Balak Das
+4 more
ABSTRACT Nanofiber‐based drug delivery systems show strong potential due to their high surface area‐to‐volume ratio and adjustable structure. Recent studies demonstrated drug loading efficiencies exceeding 85%, with sustained release kinetics up to 96 h. In cancer models, nanofiber‐based carriers improved drug accumulation at tumor sites by 3–4 fold compared to conventional formulations, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity. This review outlines methods for precise nanofiber shape and function control through electrospinning and solution blow spinning techniques. Recent advancements in nanofiber technology have proven promising for biomedical applications where they are utilized in tissue engineering, neurodegenerative disease management, wound healing, and targeted cancer therapy. Nanofibers function as an optimal drug delivery system that improves cellular restoration, together with controlled drug delivery methods and deep tissue penetration capabilities. The recent development of dual‐drug delivery systems, stimuli‐responsive nanofibers, and scaffolds composed of nanofibers and smart materials has expanded their usage in precision medicine. Research now demonstrates that nanofibers facilitate tissue remodeling functions along with angiogenesis promotion, controlled inflammatory response management, and drug stability improvement. This review also focuses on the recent patents in nanofibers as a drug delivery system. In addition, this review presents new approaches to overcome these challenges in nanofiber‐based delivery systems based on interdisciplinary cooperation, AI‐driven design of such delivery systems, and sophisticated bioinformatics tools. In this review, recent advances and prospects of nanofibers in realizing the revolution in the drug delivery field and improving healthcare outcomes are presented with a detailed overview.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Dhaneshwar Prasad · Das Ramyaranjan · Prusty Jagesh Kumar
+1 more
Abstract This study explores the potential of sandwich plates (SPs) with basalt fiber laminated composite face layers and a polyethene terephthalate (PET) foam core, enhanced with varying weight percentages of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) contents (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%), for car bonnet applications. The face layers were fabricated using the hand layup technique, and the material properties of the MWCNT‐enhanced composites and PET core were characterized through uniaxial tension and compression tests. Numerical simulations in ABAQUS employing 3D solid elements (C3D8R) were conducted to predict dynamic responses, validated through experimental modal analysis (EMA) using impact hammer testing in Pulse Lab software. Flexural behavior was assessed via three‐point bending tests, demonstrating optimal mechanical performance at 0.5% MWCNT loading, with peak flexural modulus, strength, toughness, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). Higher MWCNT concentrations led to diminished properties. These findings offer critical insights for designing lightweight and high‐performance hybrid composite structures suitable for automotive bonnet systems. Highlight The flexural and dynamic responses of MWCNTs‐basalt skins/PET foam core‐based sandwich plates. Tensile and flexural responses increase up to 0.5 wt% of MWCNTs. Experimental modal analysis is performed for free vibration analysis. The proposed laminated composite is designed to enhance the utility and performance of car bonnets.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Dhananjay · Prabhakar Om Prakash · Sahu Raj Kumar
+3 more
ABSTRACT This study reports the behavior of a microporous polyacrylate dielectric elastomer under controlled mechanical and electrical loading to assess its suitability for soft actuators in robotics. The investigation focuses on the behavior of elastomers subjected to cyclic mechanical loading with prestrain conditions, evaluating stress‐softening, energy dissipation, and residual strain over multiple cycles to understand the suppression of the Mullins effect. Further, the impact of repeated electrical loading, with and without preload conditions, is analyzed by examining area strain, energy conversion efficiency, and electrical breakdown strength to evaluate the feasibility of the actuator for real‐world applications. The findings reveal that the stresses in the elastomer with reserved strain conditions reduce significantly (about 80%) between the first two cycles and diminish to stabilization with repeated mechanical loading. Also, repeated electrical loading in an actuator made of prestrained elastomer, under preload conditions, is observed to stabilize actuation and improve breakdown strength from 6 to 22 kV. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the preload and prestrain conditions in stabilizing the performance of microporous elastomers, enhancing their reliability for soft actuators and similar electromechanical devices.