Journals
2026 EN
Ren Jianhua · Shahzad Muhammad Farrukh · Abbas Jaffar
+2 more
Based on the OpenAI ChatGPT, generative AI (Gen-AI) in education has transformed science by using contextual awareness to produce messages that resemble those of a person. Gen-AI, like ChatGPT, which OpenAI frequently employs, has gained popularity, particularly in the educational field. This study looks at many aspects that affect the uptake and real-world application of Gen-AI, such as ChatGPT, to enhance learning outcomes for students. The current study uses the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) to bolster our conceptual framework. This study examines data gathered from 482 university students in Pakistan using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. According to the results, Gen-AI adoption intention is significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, self-efficacy, hedonic motivator price value, and habit. This study also demonstrates that adoption intention has a substantial impact on Gen-AI actual use. Instructors must encourage the safe use of Gen-AI, such as ChatGPT, in order to preserve students’ critical thinking, abilities, and creativity in their assessments. In order to ensure that Gen-AI tools are used in assessments ethically and appropriately, educators will be essential in providing clear instructions and rules.
Journals
2026 EN
Atalay Ezgi · Zeybek Halil İbrahim
Older adults are among the groups most affected by disasters in societies due to their vulnerability. The goal of this study was to create a scale that could accurately and consistently measure senior citizens’ resilience to disasters. A pool of 60 items was formed based on the requirements and susceptibility of older adults during calamities. Content validity of the instruments was assessed using the Delphi method. The Draft Scale was administered to 491 individuals aged 65 years and older. To assess the construct validity of the scale, confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were performed. As a result of the analysis, a 4-factor structure was obtained and the factors were named ‘Coping Capacity,’ ‘Constraint Status,’ ‘Economic Status’ and ‘Risk Protection and Preparedness.’ The Cronbach’s Alpha value was calculated as 0.925 (sub-dimensions > 0.804), and thus the scale demonstrated very high reliability. The mean score of the scale, consisting of 30 items was calculated as 76.04 ± 18.91. In line with the results obtained, it was concluded that Older Adults Disaster Resilience Scale (OADRS) is a valid and reliable scale for assessing the resilience of older adults in disasters.
Journals
2026 EN
Loudy Ibrahim · Bouka Stéphane · Nkiet Guy Martial
We tackle the challenge of non parametric detection of breakpoints in spatiotemporal series by introducing a method to identify variations in process parameters, such as the mean and covariance matrix, without prior determination of the number of breakpoints. This method relies on an adaptive algorithm that assesses the stability of parameters over selected time intervals, allowing effective management of structural breaks in complex spatio-temporal series. To illustrate our results, we present a simulation study as well as a practical application to the distribution of elephants in various parks in Gabon.
Journals
2026 EN
Rahimov Ibrahim · Sharipov Sadillo
The asymptotic normality of estimators of the offspring mean is important for applications. In the case when the population sizes are partially observed, the limit theorems for the process are not sufficient to obtain asymptotic distributions for known estimators. As a result, the asymptotic normality of the estimators based on partial observations has not been obtained in its standard form and leads to considering various modifications of the estimators. In this article, we demonstrate that the functional limit theorems for the critical partially observed process with generation-dependent immigration allow us to show that the original (non modified) estimators are asymptotically normal. For this we first extend known functional limit theorems for fully observed processes to the case of partial observations, which is of independent interest as well. In the last section, we use the new theorems to obtain the desired asymptotic normality.
Journals
2026 EN
Osman Shaaban K. · Mohammed Ahmed M. · Saleh Khaled I.
+5 more
Etodolac (ETD), an insoluble anti-inflammatory drug, undergoes first-pass metabolism, which limits its oral bioavailability. The current study presents the trials for improvement of drug solubility on one hand and formulation of different emulgel systems loaded with modified drug on the other hand. The Prolonged oral administration of ETD results in serious gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, the improvement of its solubility and modifying an alternative route of administration will increase its bioavailability and lessen its adverse effects, providing an alternative safe delivery system for inflammatory signs treatment. The current study focused on the formulation of different emulgel systems since medicated emulgels were constructed by loading the emulgels with either pure ETD or modified ETD adsorbate (ETD/Avicel, 1:2 ratio). Finally, the in vivo studies were accomplished by studying the anti-inflammatory activity of ETD emulgels using albino rats. All the prepared emulgels showed acceptable physical properties since sodium alginate emulgel showed superior drug release compared with other gelling agents. The drug release profile was affected significantly by both emulsifying and gelling agents’ concentration. The release kinetics data showed that the main mechanism of drug release was the Higuchi diffusion model. concerning the in vivo results, the extreme edema inhibition was obtained upon using emulgel formulae containing modified ETD with penetration enhancer (5% PG + 5% oleic acid). The modified emulgels did not show any sign of irritation on rats’ dorsal skin. The obtained results highlighted the promising application of topical ETD emulgels as an alternative anti-inflammatory drug delivery system.
Journals
2026 EN
Alrashidi Talal S. · Amin Mohammed A. · Aljutyali Abdullah S.
+6 more
The Saudi market offers dosages of metformin that have varying release rates and can lead to different pharmacological reactions. Studying formulation bioequivalences helps patients choose the optimum medicine without affecting pharmacological responses. This study affects patient care clinically, which can improve Saudi diabetes management by improving efficacy, safety, adherence, access, and cultural relevance. The bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic parameters were studied using the convolution method. Similarity factor f 1 and different factors f 2 of different types of metformin tablets were calculated. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using the convolution method. At pH = 6.8 (phosphate buffer) and 50 rpm, 100% of metformin was released within 2 h. While, after two hours in HCl at pH = 1.1 followed by five hours in phosphate buffer at pH = 6.8, 100% of the medication was released after 7 h. The release kinetics showed zero-order kinetics with r 2 = 0.961 for Formit ® and 0.971 for Glucophage ® , while the release mechanism showed that it follows the Higuchi equation with r 2 = 0.974 for Formit ® and 0.971 for Glucophage ® , respectively, indicating that the mechanism of drug release was controlled by diffusion. The two brands were lyo-equivalent, with a similarity factor and difference factor equal to 59.36 and 7.26, respectively. The convolution approach indicated that Glucophage ® and Formit ® have bioequivalent C max of 601 and 592 ng/ml, respectively. The two products had the same projected T max of 2.0 h and a modest AUC ∞ differential that did not violate the FDA’s 80-125% limit.
Journals
2026 EN
Ragheb Youssra · Yahia Sarah · El Sherif Rabab M.
+1 more
Background: Targeted therapy plays a crucial role in minimizing the adverse effects of chemotherapy on normal cells by specifically directing therapeutics to cancerous tissues. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a novel nanocarrier system based on components that work in harmony to achieve dual-targeted and efficient breast cancer (BC) therapy. Methods: The nanocarrier was successfully prepared using pluronic acid (PL), sodium hyaluronate (SH), and folate-conjugated chitosan (CS-FA) as core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering anticancer agent; Saraca Indica (SI) extract. CS-FA was chemically synthesized and then combined with SH to form the NPs’ shell, coating SI-loaded self-assembled PL nanomicelles core. Results: The core-shell SI-loaded NPs (SINPs) possess stable shell, as indicated by their zeta-potential of +48 ± 2.3 mV and size of 224 ± 2.0 nm. The SI’s loading was 47.3%. In-vitro release profile of SI from SINPs was sustained for 20-days. The SI free form exhibited IC 50 of 41.29 ± 2.89 µg/ml, while SINPs showed 30.04 ± 2.14 µg/ml, which ascertains the role of encapsulating SI in NPs in improving its cytotoxicity against MCF-7 BC cells. Fluorescent micrographs indicated that (CS-FA)-based NPs were significantly engulfed by MCF-7 cells as compared to CS NPs, suggesting that CS-FA-based NPs have enhanced therapeutic efficacy through endocytosis-mediated by folate receptors. The SINPs significantly reduced tumor volume in mice compared to free SI, demonstrating their potent anticancer activity, and confirming that SINPs can increase the SI’s anticancer efficiency via targeted folate receptor pathways. Conclusion : The developed SINPs are a promising targeted nano-delivery system for SI toward an augmented BC treatment.
Resource
2026 EN
Golshany Hazem · Bakry Ibrahim A. · Seddiek Abdullah S.
+4 more
Plant-based foods are essential for sustainable diets but often lack the texture, stability, and nutritional quality of animal-derived products. This review examines the critical role of protein–polysaccharide interactions in overcoming these challenges and enabling the development of next-generation plant-based foods with improved sensory and functionality. Key molecular mechanisms, including electrostatic, hydrophobic, and covalent interactions, govern the formation of complex networks, gels, and emulsions. Advanced technologies like 3D printing and enzymatic crosslinking can create food matrices that mimic animal textures. Food innovation should include unique and regionally appropriate ingredients like duckweed, moringa, sweet potato byproducts, and upcycled agro-industrial waste to match with circular economy concepts and regional agricultural capabilities, according to the evaluation. Life cycle analysis consistently reveals that protein–polysaccharide systems minimize carbon footprint, water usage, and land occupation compared to animal-based diets. Using fiber–protein synergy, these systems improve protein bioavailability, minimize anti-nutritional factors, and boost metabolic health. Technical, legislative, and cultural issues and AI-driven formulation and policy innovation prospects are also covered. Protein–polysaccharide synergy in food design is crucial to sustainable, nutritious, and broadly accepted plant-based food systems that improve planetary and human health.
Journals
2026 EN
Boby Jeffrey Mathew · Ilerhunmwuwa Nosakhare · Benny Jame Mathew
+3 more
KRAS p.G12C (c.34G > T) inhibitors have been reported to have varying survival outcomes in CRC patients across studies. Hence, our review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and safety of these agents among the CRC population. Major databases, including but not limited to PubMed and Ovid, were searched for original clinical trials assessing the efficacy or safety of KRAS p.G12C (c.34G > T) inhibitors in CRC patients through May 2025. Studies with non-G12C KRAS-mutated populations were excluded. Data on patient demographics and various variables, including but not limited to OS, PFS, and TRAE incidence, were extracted from included studies. Our systematic review analyzed 18 trials and 1011 patients. Adagrasib monotherapy yielded a median PFS of 4.4–5.6 months, an OS of 10–19.8 months, and an ORR of 19–23%, while its combination with cetuximab reported a PFS of 6.9 months, an OS of 13.4–15.9 months and an ORR of 34–46%. Sotorasib monotherapy (960 mg) reported a PFS of 4 months, an OS of 10.6 months, and an ORR of 9.7. When combined with panitumumab, 960 mg sotorasib demonstrated better results with a PFS of 5.6–5.7 months, OS of 15.2 months and an ORR of 12.5–30%. Similarly, divarasib monotherapy led to a PFS of 5.6–6.9 months and an ORR of 20%, while its combination with cetuximab resulted in a PFS of 8.1 months and an ORR of 62.5%. Combination therapy of olomorasib and MK-1084, which are new-generation KRAS p.G12C (c.34G > T) inhibitors, with cetuximab also demonstrated highly promising efficacy with ORR of 38–44% and 50%, respectively. Olomorasib with cetuximab also showed a PFS of 6.6–7.5 months. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased AST/ALT were the most common TRAEs. Initial results of KRAS-G12C inhibitors appear highly promising when they are combined with anti-EGFR therapy compared to historical therapeutic agents indicated for patients with chemotherapy-refractory CRC. Encouraging benefits warrant frontline trials with these novel therapeutics.
Journals
2026 EN
Adil Tooba · Fatima Shehwar · Ghori Ahzam Khan
+3 more
Infant botulism is an uncommon but serious condition arising from honey containing spores of Clostridium botulinum. Despite this well-understood risk, practices like tahnik, where honey or dates are fed to newborns, continue as customs in many cultures. Understanding these traditions is important for informing global public health strategies. This study aimed to determine maternal awareness about infant botulism, investigate the prevalence of tahnik, and recognize factors affecting its practice in a Muslim community. Descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 419 mothers of infants aged 12 months or younger were recruited into this descriptive cross-sectional survey through a questionnaire in Karachi, Pakistan. Maternal awareness of infant botulism, prevalence of tahnik practice, and factors affecting tahnik practice were assessed. A total of 94.75% of subjects had never heard of botulism, and none linked it with C. botulinum. Despite risks, 54.42% did not view honey as harmful, and 61.6% practiced tahnik. Lower education, larger families, and rental housing were linked to higher tahnik rates, while higher education showed an inverse effect. Conclusions: Lack of awareness about infant botulism and strong cultural adherence to tahnik highlight the need for culturally sensitive public health initiatives. Honey poses a proven risk for infant botulism, yet cultural practices such as tahnik remain widespread, especially in many Muslim communities, highlighting a critical gap between medical advice and traditional beliefs.