Journals
2026 EN
Dadandı İbrahim
Increasing evidence indicates a meaningful association between childhood trauma and Internet addiction; however, less is known with respect to the psychological mechanism underlying this relationship. The present study examined the serial mediating roles of emotion dysregulation and depression, and the moderating role of resilience, in the link between childhood trauma and Internet addiction. A total of 869 university students ( F = 57.2%, M = 42.8%; M age = 20.76 ± 1.61) participated in the study. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16), and the Internet Addiction Test-Short Form (IAT-SF) were used as the data collection tools. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations among childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, depression, and Internet addiction, but resilience was negatively correlated with these variables. Further analyses demonstrated that childhood trauma predicted Internet addiction indirectly through emotion dysregulation and depression while its direct effect was not significant. These indirect effects, however, were diminished by resilience, supporting a moderated mediation model. Accordingly, emotion dysregulation and depression may serve as psychological mechanisms that transfer the impacts of childhood trauma to Internet addiction, but resilience could mitigate these effects. Interventions that target these psychological factors may help reduce the problem of Internet addiction among university students with a history of childhood trauma.
Journals
2026 EN
Suwaed Muhammad
This article examines the historical and geographical context of the migration of Bedouin tribes in Palestine province in the period of the Egyptian occupation (1831–1840), during the rule of Muhammad Ali, the governor of Egypt, and his son Ibrahim Pasha. The novelty of this article is the examination of the unique Egyptian policy toward the Bedouin that thrived to regulate its control over them and incorporate them in the administrative system, and the means used by it, in stark contrast to the Ottoman policy that was usually more tolerant and less centralized. The semi-arid landscape facilitated the migration of Bedouins from other regions in times of conflict, resource scarcity and land management changes. During this period Palestine and the adjoined provinces were ruled by the Ottoman Empire, and the Egyptian authorities attempted to exert control over the area at large, and in so doing, sought control over the Bedouins. These efforts led to complex dynamic military conflict interspersed with occasional cooperation. While the Egyptian regime improved security and trade, the imposition of heavy taxation and compulsory conscription triggered the 1834 Fellahin Rebellion that spread to other provinces and communities and triggered the struggle for Bedouin autonomy, a struggle that had persisted as the Egyptian government employed various strategies to suppress resistance and consolidate power. However, in 1840, following the Egyptians’ retreat, many Bedouin tribes reverted to their traditional nomadic lifestyles, highlighting the enduring tension between state authority and Bedouin autonomy.
Resource
2026 EN
Ibrahim Irfan · Harkema Megan · Krahn Steven
+3 more
One of the few gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) concepts being investigated within the United States is the General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems’ fast modular reactor (FMR). As a first step in developing the safety case for the FMR, a comprehensive range of potential accident initiators should be identified. To characterize the breadth of the initiators that could occur in GFRs, a literature review was performed to identify preliminary initiating events (PIEs) relevant to GFRs, with an emphasis on those initiators relevant to the FMR design. For the review, PIEs were defined as deviations from normal operating conditions that could lead to undesired plant states and represent the beginning of potential accident sequences. The literature review included events meeting the definition of PIEs that had previously been identified and analyzed for GFRs, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, very high–temperature reactors, and commercial gas-cooled reactors. A total of 124 references were evaluated and 549 unique PIEs were identified. The most frequently assessed PIEs in the literature were categorized as loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) and flow-related transients. Repeated treatment of these accident types, especially LOCAs, within the literature emphasizes the importance, and due analysis, of potential depressurization events in a GFR’s safety case, since such events can have potentially important downstream effects in some designs. Less emphasis was observed on initiating events associated with helium purification systems and external events, which also have the potential to challenge plant safety, and therefore may require further evaluation to support safety case development for GFRs, and the FMR specifically.
Journals
2026 EN
Ibrahim Ahmad M. · Gallmeier Franz X. · McClanahan Tucker C.
+3 more
The Second Target Station (STS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) uses light water to cool the primary components inside the core vessel, including the target, proton beam window, moderators, beryllium reflectors, and other structures. As water circulates through the core vessel, it becomes radioactive due to spallation and transmutation reactions induced by high-energy protons, neutrons, and other particles. The activated coolant then flows through secondary components, such as pipes, tanks, and pumps, located outside of the core vessel. These secondary components require adequate shielding to ensure personnel safety and protect sensitive facility electronics from radiation damage. Unique challenges arise in modeling coolant activation in spallation systems because several key radionuclides originate in significant quantities from high-energy spallation reactions with oxygen. These processes are largely absent in fission and fusion reactors, where the maximum radiation energies are approximately two orders of magnitude lower. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how to perform shielding analysis for the secondary components of water-cooling loops in spallation neutron facilities. It describes the method used during the original SNS design, which has also been adopted at the European Spallation Source (ESS). This “dilution method” assumes stagnant irradiation but dilutes the activities of the radioisotopes produced within the core vessel by the total loop volume to account for water circulation. A new method developed during the SNS Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project is introduced. This “short- and long-lived (S&L) method” uses two activation calculations. The first calculation is tailored to long-lived radioisotopes whose half-lives are longer than loop circulation times. The second calculation focuses on radioisotopes that decay significantly between circulations. The two methods are compared by calculating radioisotope inventories, decay photon spectra, and dose rates in a concrete shield surrounding an infinite pipe. To validate both approaches, dose rates were also computed for one of the SNS coolant pipes and compared against facility measurements. The dilution method underestimates the measured dose by a factor of approximately 14, while the S&L method produces results within 20% of observed values. The S&L method is then applied to assess the shielding requirements of key secondary components of the water coolant loops at STS, including the delay tanks, hydrocyclone, and gas-liquid separator tanks. Using realistic STS operational design parameters, the required concrete wall thickness for the delay tank vault is estimated to range from 160 to 190 cm. These results provide design guidance for STS and align with scaled estimates based on PPU shielding analyses.
Journals
2026 EN
Arslan Ayca · Ilıs Dogan · Artac Inanc
+7 more
P-wave peak time (PWPT), a novel electrocardiographic marker reflecting atrial conduction delay and structural remodeling, has been associated with diastolic dysfunction and elevated left atrial pressure. Albuminuria, a marker of renal microvascular damage, has also been linked to subclinical diastolic dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether PWPT is independently associated with albuminuria in hypertensive patients and to assess its potential diagnostic utility. A total of 367 hypertensive patients were prospectively enrolled. Patients were categorized into albuminuria-positive ( n = 110) and albuminuria-negative ( n = 257) groups based on their spot urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Those with UACR > 30 mg/g were classified as albuminuria-positive, and those with UACR < 30 mg/g were classified as albuminuria-negative. Comprehensive demographic, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic data were collected and compared between the two groups. PWPT was significantly prolonged in patients with albuminuria (48 ± 11 ms vs. 39 ± 9 ms, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, PWPT (OR = 2.688, 95% CI: 1.969–3.672, p < 0.001) remained an independent predictor of albuminuria, along with HbA1c, left atrial volume index, and heart rate. PWPT exhibited the highest discriminatory power among these variables (AUC = 0.771), with a cutoff of >42 ms yielding 76.4% sensitivity and 68.1% specificity. PWPT is independently associated with albuminuria in hypertensive patients and may serve as a noninvasive marker of early renal microvascular involvement.
Journals
2026 EN
Işıklar Özben Özden · Kocatürk Evin · Başoğlu Zeynep
+2 more
Repeat testing in emergency clinical chemistry is common, often triggered by critical values, delta checks, or instrument flags. However, its clinical utility is uncertain, and unnecessary repeats may delay reporting and waste resources. To assess the necessity of repeat testing by applying three analytical criteria: laboratory-specific observed total allowable error (TEa_Obs), CLIA-based TEa (TEa_CLIA), and reference change values (RCV) to the same cohort. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 18,736 repeated result pairs across 23 analytes retrieved from the laboratory information system (LIS) of a tertiary-care emergency laboratory (Jan 2022 to Jun 2025). Each pair was classified as necessary or unnecessary under TEa_Obs, TEa_CLIA, and RCV; agreement between criteria was assessed using Cohen’s kappa (κ). Necessary versus unnecessary TAT was compared within each criterion. TEa_Obs classified 86.2% (16,143/18,736) of repeats as unnecessary, versus 93.7% (17,564/18,736) by TEa_CLIA and 96.7% (18,119/18,736) by RCV. Agreement was generally low to moderate, with κ ranging from <0.2 (e.g. creatinine, CRP, bilirubins) to >0.8 (magnesium). Necessary repeats were associated with longer TAT, although the statistical significance of these differences varied by criterion. Criterion selection is not neutral; it changes both clinical interpretation and operational outcomes. Rule-driven workflows that combine TEa_Obs, TEa_CLIA, and RCV within LIS-based auto verification may reduce unnecessary repeats, stabilize turnaround times, and optimize resource use without compromising patient safety.
Resource
2026 EN
Moqbel Ibrahim · Ghonaim Mohamed Mabrouk · Hussein Abdelbaset Ahmed
+5 more
Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) remains a life-threatening emergency. Laparoscopic repair is favored over open surgery, but intracorporeal suturing is demanding. Interrupted hand-tied sutures are traditional; knotless barbed sutures may simplify closure and shorten operative time. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of knotless barbed versus interrupted sutures in laparoscopic PPU repair. PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched until 22 July 2025. Eligible comparative studies included adults undergoing laparoscopic gastroduodenal PPU repair using continuous knotless barbed sutures ± omental patch versus interrupted absorbable sutures ± omental patch. Outcomes were operative time, postoperative complications, leak, hospital stay, perforation size and wound complications. Random-effects models yielded mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and heterogeneity ( I 2 ). Four retrospective cohorts ( n = 575; 192 barbed, 383 interrupted) met criteria. Barbed sutures reduced operative time (MD −25.49 min; 95% CI −40.35 to −10.62; p = 0.0008; I 2 = 43%). No differences were observed for postoperative complications (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.54–1.53; p = 0.72; I 2 = 2%), leak (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.14–2.04; p = 0.35; I 2 = 0%), hospital stay (MD −0.73 days; 95% CI −2.85 to 1.39; p = 0.50; I 2 = 0%), perforation size (MD −0.06 cm; 95% CI −0.17 to 0.05; p = 0.26; I 2 = 0%) or wound complications (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.28–3.47; p = 0.99; I 2 = 0%). In laparoscopic PPU repair, knotless barbed sutures improve operative efficiency without increasing adverse events. Given the small, retrospective evidence base and low certainty, randomized trials with standardized techniques are warranted. CRD420251119990 Not applicable.
Journals
2026 EN
Fouad Mohamed · Fawzy Olfat · Abd El-Aziz Sally
+2 more
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, strongly linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Inflammation plays a central role in MASLD progression, with interferon gamma–induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) emerging as a key chemokine implicated in immune cell recruitment, hepatic injury, and fibrosis. However, its level in obese non-diabetic MASLD patients remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate serum IP-10 levels in obese, non-diabetic MASLD patients and explore their association with anthropometric, metabolic, and hepatic parameters. We conducted a case-control study, including 120 participants, divided into 60 obese non-diabetic MASLD patients (diagnosed clinically and radiologically) and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum IP-10 was measured by ELISA. Correlations with anthropometric indices, biochemical markers, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis (HSI) and fibrosis stiffness (FIB-4) scores were analysed. Diagnostic accuracy of IP-10 was assessed using ROC curve analysis. Serum IP-10 levels were significantly higher in MASLD patients compared to controls. IP-10 correlated positively with BMI, waist circumference, ALT, AST, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and hepatic steatosis stage, and negatively with HDL-C. ROC analysis showed that an IP-10 cutoff > 830.1 pg/mL discriminated obese MASLD with an AUC of 0.805, sensitivity of 61.7%, and specificity of 86.7%. Serum IP-10 is significantly elevated in obese non-diabetic MASLD patients and strongly associated with metabolic derangements, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. These findings suggest that IP-10 may serve as a promising early non-invasive risk stratification tool or an adjunctive biomarker for MASLD.
Journals
2026 EN
Senol Celal · Yalcin Ibrahim Ertugrul · Ozkaya Ali Riza
+1 more
This study examines the distribution of essential mineral elements, followed by an analysis of heavy metals and regional climate conditions of hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) samples collected from Türkiye; Sakarya, Samsun, Tokat, Ordu, and Giresun provinces. Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations varied according to the local soil structure and climate characteristics. Notably, the soil samples taken from Giresun exhibited considerably high concentrations of B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn in both kernel and shell samples, suggesting that the region’s soil and climate conditions contribute significantly to the mineral richness of hazelnuts. Similarly, K concentrations were higher in Samsun than in other provinces, highlighting the role of K in hazelnut development in this area. The measurements were evaluated with the recommended crop safety and hazard index (HI). Climate data indicate that although all regions generally meet the requirements for hazelnut cultivation, Tokat’s lower temperatures, steeper topography, and specific soil mineral composition and heavy metal content pose certain limitations. High levels of mineral elements support soil fertility and promote healthy hazelnut growth. Yet, elevated levels of heavy metals such as Cd and Pb may present environmental and health concerns, affecting both soil quality and crop safety. The region’s specific elemental composition and unique climatic and geographical conditions require careful monitoring and management to optimize hazelnut yield and quality. Excessively high temperatures during the kernel-filling period in summer could negatively impact yield. Additionally, Giresun’s shorter sunshine duration and higher rainfall increase regional humidity, which may benefit hazelnut growth by maintaining soil moisture levels. These findings reveal each region’s climatic and soil advantages, guiding targeted strategies for sustainable hazelnut cultivation in Türkiye. Region-specific soil management, tailored fertilization, and climate-adaptive techniques can enhance yield, ensuring long-term productivity and economic potential.
Journals
2026 EN
Mahmoud Salam · Alghoraibi Ibrahim · Younes Basel
+1 more
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) pose a significant global health risk, increasing patient morbidity and mortality. Contaminated surfaces, including medical cotton textiles, contribute to their spread. This study developed antibacterial and hydrophobic cotton fabrics using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and C6-fluorocarbon resin (C6F6) using the pad-dry-cure method. ZnO-NPs, synthesized by the sol-gel technique, had particle sizes of 54–66 nm and were characterized using AFM, SEM, XRD, and EDX analyses. The treated fabrics exhibited 99.8% and 90% antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 300 ppm ZnO-NPs. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements confirmed hydrophobicity at 300 ppm ZnO, with values of 152.3° (blood), 151.1° (water), and 151.0° (olive oil). The antibacterial and hydrophobic effects remained after 10 washing cycles, demonstrating durability. This ZnO-C6F6 nanocomposite provides a promising solution to enhance hospital hygiene and reduce HAIs, ensuring a safer environment for patients and healthcare professionals.