Journals
2025 EN
Bharadwaj Shivangi · Gupta Ashok Kumar · Sahu Anil Kumar
ABSTRACT Groundwater (GW) contamination and its monitoring are continuously posing a significant challenge in cities like Delhi and its surroundings territories. The study analyzed seven hydro‐chemical parameters such as calcium, chloride, magnesium, pH, potassium, total hardness (TH), and electrical conductivity (EC) for 488 GW samples to calculate Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WA‐WQI), and further prediction of water quality was performed using the machine learning (ML) approaches. This study employed six ML models, artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), K ‐nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machine (SVM) to predict WA‐WQI. The prediction performance was assessed using R 2 , root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), centered RMSE (CRMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The obtained results revealed that ANN demonstrated the highest accuracy with lowest errors in MAE of 4.518, MAPE of 3.276, RMSE of 8.294, and CRMSE of 8.236. The ANN model exhibited the highest R 2 value of 0.99 among all examined models. The performance evaluation order found was ANN > SVM > XGBoost > RF > KNN > DT, and Taylor's diagram was employed to evaluate the efficacy of each model. The validation results show that ANN models with specific samples yielded promising results with R 2 value of 0.99, MAE of 3.746, MAPE of 2.550, RMSE of 5.520, and CRMSE of 5.373. The outcomes of the study indicate that ANN is the best performing model, providing a cost‐efficient alternative for predicting GW quality, significantly reducing extensive laboratory testing, offering practical support for real‐time monitoring, and helping policy makers to take decisions for mitigation and improving water quality.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Asima · Ingle Jaypalsing · Panigrahi Reha
+1 more
Cancer remains as one of the most life‐threatening diseases in the whole world. Most of the therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer are highly invasive, leading to severe injury and trauma to the patients. In recent times, phototherapy has emerged as one of the noninvasive therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. However, development of novel small‐molecule photothermal agents remains a major challenge. To address this, herein, a small molecule library having aromatic substituted‐3‐methoxy‐pyrrole and 2‐(3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethylfuran‐2(5 H)‐ylidene) malononitrile in a concise synthetic strategy is designed and synthesized. One of the library members ( 7H ) self‐assembles into spherical‐like nanoparticles having <100 nm size in water and is found to exhibit remarkable increase in temperature under 740 nm near‐infrared (NIR) light. Interestingly, compound 7H homes into the lysosomal compartments and the lipid droplets in the HCT‐116 colon cancer cells within 3 h and induces photothermal effect followed by generation of reactive oxygen species while irradiating under 740 nm NIR light for 10 min. Moreover, 7H triggers programmed cell death (apoptosis) to induce remarkable HCT‐116 cell killing. This small molecule‐mediated photothermal effect shows potential to be an interesting tool for the next‐generation noninvasive cancer phototherapy.
Journals
2025 EN
Hazra Saikat · Basu Subhali · Mukherjee Soumya
+3 more
Theoretically “exact” and numerically “accurate” Beyond Born–Oppenheimer (BBO)‐based diabatic Hamiltonian for an aromatic radical cation, namely, o‐C 6 $_{6}$ H4 $_{4}$ F2 + $_{2}^{+}$ , is constructed theoretically for the first time, where the low‐lying five electronic states (X ˜ 2 B 1 $\overset{sim}{X}^{2} B_{1}$ ,A ˜ 2 A 2 $\overset{sim}{A}^{2} A_{2}$ ,B ˜ 2 B 1 $\overset{sim}{B}^{2} B_{1}$ ,C ˜ 2 A 1 $\overset{sim}{C}^{2} A_{1}$ , andD ˜ 2 B 2 $\overset{sim}{D}^{2} B_{2}$ ) are nonadiabatically coupled with each other, exhibiting conical intersections (CIs)/seams due to accidental Jahn–Teller (JT) couplings as well as depicting pseudo‐Jahn–Teller interactions. Once the diabatic PESs and couplings are constructed, those are used to execute multistate multimode nuclear dynamics for generating photoelectron (PE) and mass‐analyzed threshold ionization spectra of the neutral analog. The calculated PE spectra forX ˜ 2 B 1 $\overset{sim}{X}^{2} B_{1}$ ,A ˜ 2 A 2 $\overset{sim}{A}^{2} A_{2}$ ,B ˜ 2 B 1 $\overset{sim}{B}^{2} B_{1}$ ,C ˜ 2 A 1 $\overset{sim}{C}^{2} A_{1}$ andD ˜ 2 B 2 $\overset{sim}{D}^{2} B_{2}$ states originated from the BBO‐based diabatic Hamiltonian in conjunction with time‐dependent discrete variable representation (TDDVR) dynamics show peak‐by‐peak correspondence with the experimental spectral bands as well as with other theoretical findings.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Priyanka · Chakraborty Sourav · Isab A. A.
+2 more
Abstract The development of new antibacterial drugs is essential for staying ahead of evolving antibiotic resistant bacterial (ARB) threats, ensuring effective treatment options for bacterial infections, and protecting public health. Herein, we successfully designed and synthesized two novel gold(III)‐ NHC complexes, [Au( 1 )(bpy)Cl][PF 6 ] 2 ( 2 ) and [Au( 1 )(phen)Cl][PF 6 ] 2 ( 3 ) based on the proligand pyridyl[1,2‐a]{2‐pyridylimidazol}‐3‐ylidene hexafluorophosphate ( 1 ⋅HPF 6 ) [bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline]. The synthesized complexes were characterized spectroscopically; their geometries and structural arrangements were confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. Complexes 2 and 3 showed photoluminescence properties at room temperature and the time‐resolved fluorescence decay confirmed the fluorescence lifetimes of 0.54 and 0.62 ns respectively; which were used to demonstrate their direct interaction with bacterial cells. Among the two complexes, complex 3 was found to be more potent against the bacterial strains ( Staphylococcus aureus , Gram‐positive and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Gram‐negative bacteria) with the MIC values of 8.91 μM and 17.82 μM respectively. Studies revealed the binding of the complexes with the fundamental phospholipids present in the cell membrane of bacteria, which was found to be the leading cause of bacterial cell death. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay on 293 T cell lines; emphasizing the potential therapeutic uses of the Au(III)‐NHC complexes to control bacterial infections.
Journals
2025 EN
Swain Subrat · Panda Jagannath · Swain Bebina
+4 more
The contamination of water with heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb 2 + ), has become a critical environmental and public health issue due to increasing industrialization and urbanization. Lead pollution has contributed to severe health problems, impacting over 10,000 people in recent years. In response to this growing concern, a composite material, PANI@NF, is developed by integrating polyaniline (PANI) with agrowaste fibers from date palm leaves, palm leaves, and korai grass. Among the tested composites, PANI@P20% demonstrates outstanding performance, achieving 96.2% lead removal and a sorption capacity of 24.1 mg g −1 under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 0.01 g adsorbent, 50 ppm Pb 2 + , 298 K). The adsorption process for PANI@P20% follows a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and conforms well to the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Zeta potential analysis further confirms favorable surface charge interactions at pH 6.0. Additionally, this composite exhibits excellent reusability, maintaining high efficiency over eight adsorption–desorption cycles. This work underscores the potential of using low‐cost, biodegradable natural fibers as sustainable adsorbents for effective lead removal, offering a promising solution for water treatment and environmental preservation.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahu Rahul · Niranjan Tarikere T.
Abstract The uncertainties associated with modern businesses complicate decision‐making, especially in complex supply chains, such as those of the textile industry, which has its hub in emerging South Asian countries. Using the Indian textile industry as the research setting, this paper explores from a psychological lens how suppliers process uncertainties while adopting sustainability practices. The study uncovers certification agencies, interpersonal trust between suppliers and buyers, and suppliers' size, as key constructs that influence how suppliers perceive and process risks and ambiguities, and in turn how that influences their adoption of sustainability practices. Combining these empirical insights with the stakeholder and relational view theories, we develop a comprehensive framework to model suppliers' sustainability decision‐making in the face of uncertainty. This study uncovers nuances of uncertainty aversion, which provide valuable insights for practitioners while also breaking fertile ground for future academic research to quantify the emergent propositions.
Journals
2025 EN
Mondal Subhas · Sahu Tarak Nath
Abstract This study aims to explore the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance (FP); and the moderating role of governance mechanisms on the CSR‐FP nexus. This study investigates the aforementioned nexus, based on the sample of 257 Indian non‐financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) 500 index, for the period 2009–10 to 2022–23. GMM‐based dynamic panel estimation technique is applied to explore the relationship. The study reveals a positive nexus between CSR and FP, and a strong positive moderating impact of board size (BS), board independence (BID), and board gender diversity (BGD) on CSR‐FP nexus. However, the study shows an inverse moderating role of ownership concentration (OC) on the CSR‐FP nexus. The study provides a brief understanding of the CSR‐FP nexus and recommends the implementation of stronger governance mechanisms for the corporations of developing nations. This initiative may increase CSR, and generate economic advantage for the firms and the whole society.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahoo Baikunthanath · Sahu Santosh Kumar · Malakar Krishna
Abstract The strategic business firm manages today's profitability and tomorrow's sustainability to achieve a comparative advantage in the emerging market economy. Considering India's ambitious emission reduction target and rapid economic development, this study explores the potential relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the energy efficiency of manufacturing firms in India. Using firm‐level data, the panel fixed effects model shows that CSR negatively explains energy intensity (EI). We observed a consistent negative relationship between CSR and EI for all models, with and without controlled firm‐specific variables. Firms that manufacture chemical and chemical products, pharmaceuticals, medical chemicals and botanical products are energy intensive without CSR; however, CSR activities helped these firms become energy efficient. Our result confirms that voluntary CSR is less efficient than mandatory CSR in contributing to environmental and energy‐related indicators at the firm level. Our empirical results indicate several policy implications: (1) CSR should also focus on sustainable business models related to energy efficiency and reduction in carbon emissions; (2) firms should be encouraged to use CSR related to environmentally friendly innovations. We conclude that CSR spending and environmental expenses will increase energy efficiency at the firm level, which will help achieve net‐zero targets and sustainable industrial development.
Journals
2025 EN
Mohanty Asutosh · Ranjan Panda Jyoti · Sahu Sudhakar
ABSTRACT An intuitive approach for investigating densely packed 12‐port multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) antenna is investigated with improved isolation performance. Conventional dipole antenna elements are sectorially triangulated in a (3:3:3:3) manner that are sorted into cross‐shaped profile corners asserting a premium footprint. This unique topology has been acknowledged to achieve effective impedance matching and simultaneously reduce mutual coupling in the proposed cross‐coupled estate avoiding any additive decoupling network. The investigation shows that dipole arrays are coupled with a lumped L‐C‐L arrangement, whose dominant inductive resonance are stabilized by the center‐fed capacitance. The arrangement has the inherent advantage of stable impedance bandwidth (6.5–7.5) GHz and effective decoupling between radiating elements with isolation magnitude ranges (24–30) dB. The simulated performance counterparts are meticulously experimented on a fabricated prototype to observe the potential scattering, isolation, and radiation parameters. The far‐field envelope correlation coefficient between antenna elements shows minimal magnitude < 0.02, exhibiting its potential for diversity parameters. The radiation peak gain shows 7.5 dBi with stable omni‐directive patterns in the principal operating planes with maximum radiative efficiency (60–70)%, finding its applicability for mid‐band advanced (5G) applications.
Journals
2025 EN
Ram Mohan · Sahu Aradhana · Srivastava Nityanand
+3 more
ABSTRACT Effective conservation and management of large carnivores in landscapes shared with humans require a comprehensive understanding of their habitat selection and movement patterns. The Asiatic lion ( Panthera leo persica ), an endangered species, has experienced population growth and expansion beyond the Gir Forest. This study investigates the factors influencing the habitat selection and movement patterns of lions undertaking long‐distance movements in shared landscapes, providing insights for their long‐term conservation and management. We tracked the movement patterns and habitat selection of 10 Asiatic lions using satellite collars. Movement metrics, including distance traveled, were analyzed across different habitats during the day and night. Space use was evaluated by assessing the time lions spent in various habitats, with core area preferences analyzed using the 50% fixed kernel and Jacob's preference index. Fine‐scale habitat use during day and night was analyzed using the integrated step selection function. Lions moved significantly more distance at night (11.07 ± 0.19 km) than during the day (2.28 ± 0.05 km). In core areas of their home ranges, they showed a strong preference towards orchards, followed by forests and water bodies, while avoiding built‐up areas and cropland. The integrated step‐selection function indicated that habitat selection was positively associated with natural habitats such as forests, wastelands, and water bodies (day: 3.31 ± 0.32; night: 0.50 ± 0.12). Conversely, built‐up areas negatively impacted habitat use (day: −0.45 ± 0.41; night: −0.93 ± 0.14), with orchards (day: 2.83 ± 0.33; night: −0.14 ± 0.13) and cropland (day: 1.42 ± 0.32; night: −0.86 ± 0.12) showing variable selection between day and night. Lions in shared landscapes traveled greater distances during the night, likely to avoid human disturbances. Natural habitats—forests, wastelands, and water bodies—are crucial for their space use and habitat selection, underscoring the importance of these areas for their long‐term conservation and management.