MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN NURSING WORK

Objectives: to identify the factors of motivation in nursing work and discuss the implications of the motivating factors in nursing care. Method: a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The participants were nurses at a university hospital. It was used the technique of semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using words or phrases that emerged from the records of the interviews, grouped into themes. Results: the work motivation is related to the outcome of nursing care, while demotivation, remuneration, lack of material resources, recognition/appreciation of the work, the multidisciplinary relationship. Conclusion: the nursing staff feels part of the care process, understands that work motivation is related to a number of positive or negative variables that recognizes motivation is a key component for the "good" performance of nursing care

Counting trees using symmetries

We prove a new formula for the generating function of multitype Cayley treescounted according to their degree distribution. Using this formula we recoverand extend several enumerative results about trees. In particular, we extendsome results by Knuth and by Bousquet-M\'elou and Chapuy about embedded trees.We also give a new proof of the multivariate Lagrange inversion formula. Ourstrategy for counting trees is to exploit symmetries of refined enumerationformulas: proving these symmetries is easy, and once the symmetries are provedthe formulas follow effortlessly. We also adapt this strategy to recover anenumeration formula of Goulden and Jackson for cacti counted according to theirdegree distribution.

Bayesian inference for CoVaR

Recent financial disasters emphasised the need to investigate the consequenceassociated with the tail co-movements among institutions; episodes of contagionare frequently observed and increase the probability of large losses affectingmarket participants' risk capital. Commonly used risk management tools fail toaccount for potential spillover effects among institutions because they provideindividual risk assessment. We contribute to analyse the interdependenceeffects of extreme events providing an estimation tool for evaluating theConditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) defined as the Value-at-Risk of aninstitution conditioned on another institution being under distress. Inparticular, our approach relies on Bayesian quantile regression framework. Wepropose a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm exploiting the Asymmetric Laplacedistribution and its representation as a location-scale mixture of Normals.Moreover, since risk measures are usually evaluated on time series data andreturns typically change over time, we extend the CoVaR model to account forthe dynamics of the tail behaviour. Application on U.S. companies belonging todifferent sectors of the Standard and Poor's Composite Index (S&P500) isconsidered to evaluate the marginal contribution to the overall systemic riskof each individual institution

Large resistivity change and phase transition in LiMnAs

Antiferromagnetic semiconductors are new alternative materials for spintronicapplications and spin valves. In this work, we report a detailed investigationof two antiferromagnetic semiconductors AMnAs (A = Li, LaO), which areisostructural to the well-known LiFeAs and LaOFeAs superconductors. Here wepresent a comparison between the structural, magnetic, and electronicproperties of LiMnAs, LaOMnAs and related materials. Interestingly, both LiMnAsand LaOMnAs show a variation in resistivity with more than five orders ofmagnitude, making them particularly suitable for use in future electronicdevices. From neutron and X-ray diffraction measurements on LiMnAs we haveobserved a magnetic phase transition corresponding to the Neel temperature of373.8 K, and a structural transition from the tetragonal to the cubic phase at768 K. These experimental results are supported by density functional theory(DFT) calculations.

Comprender el principio de la integralidad a través de la visión de los estudiantes de enfermería

The nursing process in the opinion of the nursing staff of a teaching hospital

ALTERIDAD Y EXCLUSIONES VOCABULARIO PARA EL DEBATE SOCIAL Y POLÍTICO

Solvent‐Free Non‐Covalent Organocatalysis: Enantioselective Addition of Nitroalkanes to Alkylideneindolenines as a Flexible Gateway to Optically Active Tryptamine Derivatives

A catalytic asymmetric addition of nitroalkanes to alkylideneindolenines, generated in situ from arylsulfonylindoles, is presented. Despite the weakness of the non‐covalent H‐bond interactions between catalyst and substrates, the performance of the bifunctional organocatalyst used was found to be essentially unaffected by the polarity of the reaction medium. Nitroalkanes, mostly used in nearly stoichiometric amounts, could thus function both as solvents and reagents, resulting in a truly solvent‐free reaction. The broad substrate scope shown by the present transformation allowed the preparation of some optically active tryptamine precursors that are not accessible through the previous catalytic asymmetric methods.

Insertional translocation of 15q25‐q26 into 11p13 and duplication at 8p23.1 characterized by high resolution arrays in a boy with congenital malformations and aniridia

We report on a boy presenting submucous cleft palate, hydronephrosis, ventriculoseptal defect, aniridia, and developmental delay. Additional material on 11p13 was cytogenetically visible and array analyses identified a duplicated segment on 15q25‐26 chromosome region; further, array analyses revealed a small deletion (49 kb) at 11p13 region involving the ELP4 gene and a duplication at 8p23.1. Results were confirmed with both molecular and molecular cytogenetics techniques. Possibilities for etiological basis of clinical phenotype are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Interleukin‐1β causes synaptic hyperexcitability in multiple sclerosis

Abstract Objective: The frequency of inflammatory episodes in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been correlated with late neurodegeneration, but the mechanism by which inflammation gives rise to delayed neuronal damage is unknown. Increased activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate is thought to play a role in the inflammation‐driven neurodegenerative process of MS, and therefore we tested whether inflammatory cytokines released during acute MS attacks have the property of enhancing glutamate‐mediated transmission and excitotoxicity in central neurons. Methods: We compared the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from active and quiescent MS patients on glutamate‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and excitotoxic damage in rodent brain slices. We also measured CSF concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α, of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and of IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), and correlated cytokine levels with cortical excitability assessed in MS patients by means of paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results: CSF from MS patients with enhanced brain lesions at magnetic resonance imaging was able to increase spontaneous EPSC frequency and glutamate‐mediated neuronal swelling in vitro, through a mechanism dependent on enhanced IL‐1β signaling and increased glutamate α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid receptor stimulation. Furthermore, IL‐1β/IL‐1ra ratio was significantly higher in the CSF of active MS subjects, and correlated with intracortical facilitation, an accredited TMS measure of glutamate transmission. Finally, we identified for the first time transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels as essential intermediates for the synaptic action of IL‐1β on central glutamatergic synapses. Interpretation: Our results provide compelling evidence of the synaptic mechanism linking inflammation and excitotoxic neurodegeneration in MS. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:76–83