Introdução: O ganho de peso excessivo é frequentemente relatado em pacientes com câncer de mama em hormonioterapia com tamoxifeno. Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência de excesso de peso em mulheres submetidas à hormonioterapia com tamoxifeno e fatores associados. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo e transversal realizado em mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama submetidas à hormonioterapia com tamoxifeno. Foram coletadas informações referentes ao estado nutricional usando parâmetros antropométricos como Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura corporal pela bioimpedanciometria. Características demográficas, socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e variáveis clínicas (peso, estatura, circunferência de cintura, dobras cutâneas e pressão arterial) e dietéticas (recordatório 24 horas) foram coletadas. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 24 pacientes na faixa etária de 36 a 73 anos, com tempo medio de uso do tamoxifeno de 16,6 meses (variando de 4 a 60 meses). Considerando-se a classificação de IMC, 52,4% (n=10) das pacientes foram diagnosticadas com sobrepeso, 45,8% (n=11) com obesidade e 1,8% (n=3) com eutrofia. Quanto ao percentual de gordura corporal, duas (8,3%) possuíam sobrepeso e 22 (91,7%), obesidade. Além disso, 87,5% (n=21) foram classificadas como tendo algum grau de obesidade abdominal. Conclusão: Houve predomínio de sobrepeso e obesidade nas mulheres em hormonioterapia com tamoxifeno avaliadas. Assim, as pacientes, principalmente aquelas que ja apresentam histórico de excesso de peso, devem receber orientações nutricionais, desde o início da hormonioterapia, que promovam a manutenção do peso saudável, e devem ser estimuladas a se engajar em programas de mudanças no estilo de vida.
Malassezia species of lipophilic yeasts account for most fungal microbiota. Although they colonize healthy skin, they are also associated with several skin diseases, including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis. To date, 14 members of the Malassezia genus have been identified. Of these, both M. globosa and M. restricta predominate, regardless of skin-disease type. Comprehensive analysis of fungal microbiota in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis using an rRNA clone library method revealed that fungal microbiota cluster according to disease severity. The external ear canal and sole of the foot are colonized by specific Malassezia microbiota.
International audienceMany large groupers form spawning aggregations, returning to the same spawning sites in consecutive spawning seasons. Connectivity between spawning aggregations is thus assured by larval dispersal. This study looks into the genetic structure and gene flow among spawning aggregations of a large grouper, the gulf coney Hyporthodus acanthistius, in the northern Gulf of California. First, using the mitochondrial control region and 11 microsatellites, we calculated FST metrics and conducted a Bayesian clustering analysis to determine structure among 5 spawning aggregations. Shallow genetic structure was found, separating the southernmost spawning aggregate from the remainder. Second, we used the results from the structure analysis and local water circulation patterns to delineate 3 distinct models of gene flow. The best-supported model, in which the southernmost spawning aggregate formed one group and all other spawning aggregates were nested into a second group, was the one that was consistent with water circulation during the species’ spawning season. Larval retention within a seasonal anticyclonic gyre that formed during the gulf coney’s spawning season may be responsible for the patterns found. This study highlights the importance of local oceanographic conditions in dictating the structure among spawning aggregations even at small geographic scales and contributes to informed management plans for this overexploited grouper
Mental practice (MP) has been shown to improve movement accuracy and velocity, but it is not known whether MP can also optimize movement timing. We addressed this question by studying two groups of expert pianists who performed challenging music sequences after either MP or physical practice (PP). Performance and motion-capture data were collected along with responses to imagery questionnaires. The results showed that MP produced performance improvements, although to a lower degree than PP did. MP and PP induced changes in both movement velocity and movement timing, promoting the emergence of movement anticipatory patterns. Furthermore, motor imagery was associated with greater changes in movement velocity, while auditory imagery was associated with greater movement anticipation. Data from a control group that was not allowed to practice confirmed that the changes in accuracy and kinematics were not due to mere repetition of the sequence during testing. This study provides the first evidence of an anticipatory control following MP and extends the present knowledge on the effectiveness of MP to a task of unparalleled motor complexity. The practical implications of MP in the motor domain are discussed.
The permeability transition (PT) denotes an increase of the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability to solutes with molecular masses up to about 1500 Da. It is presumed to be mediated by opening of a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP), whose molecular nature remains a mystery. Here I briefly review the history of the PTP, discuss existing models, and present our new results indicating that reconstituted dimers of the F O F 1 ATP synthase form a channel with properties identical to those of the mitochondrial megachannel (MMC), the electrophysiological equivalent of the PTP. Open questions remain, but there is now promise that the PTP can be studied by genetic methods to solve the large number of outstanding problems.
Functional neuroimaging studies have noted that brain regions supporting theory of mind (ToM) overlap remarkably with those underlying episodic memory, suggesting a link between the two processes. The present study shows that memory for others’ past experiences modulates significantly our appraisal of, and reaction to, what is happening to them currently. Participants read the life story of two characters; one had experienced a long series of love-related failures, the other a long series of work-related failures. In a later faux pas recognition task, participants reported more empathy for the character unlucky in love in love-related faux pas scenarios, and for the character unlucky at work in work-related faux pas scenarios. The memory-based modulation of empathy correlated with the number of details remembered from the characters’ life story. These results suggest that individuals use memory for other people’s past experiences to simulate how they feel in similar situations they are currently facing. The integration of ToM and memory processes allows adjusting mental state inferences to fit unique social targets, constructing an individualized ToM.
Birth weight can be a predictor of maternal health issues related to nutrition and environmental contaminants. Total hair mercury (HHg) concentration was studied as an indicator of both fish consumption and methylmercury exposure in mothers (and newborns) living in selected low income areas of the Madeira River basin, Amazonia, Brazil. This cohort study (n = 1,433) consisted of traditional riverines (n = 396), riverines who had moved to urban (n = 676) and rural (n = 67) settings, and tin miner settlers (n = 294). Median maternal HHg was significantly different (p = 0.00001) between riverine (12.1 µg·g-1), rural (7.82 µg·g-1), urban (5.4 µg·g-1), and tin miner (4.5 µg·g-1) groups studied. The same trend (of medians) was observed for newborns' HHg which also showed significant differences between riverine (3.0 µg·g-1), rural (2.0 µg·g-1), urban (1.5 µg·g-1), and tin miner (0.8 µg·g-1) groups. The correlation between maternal and newborn HHg was statistically significant in the riverine (r = 0.8952; p = 0.0001), urban (r = 0.6744; p = 0.0001), and rural (r = 0.8416; p = 0.0001) groups but not in the mother-infant pairs in the tin miner group (r = 0.0638; p = 0.2752). Birth weight was significantly different among groups but did not show a pattern consistent with that of fish consumption (and HHg). A multiple regression analysis showed that only family income and gestational age had a significant impact on birth weight.