Journals
2026 EN
Zhang Yan · Chang Jiali · Xu Hong
+1 more
Rural tourism significantly contributes to empowering local residents and rejuvenating communities, especially in developing economies. This study investigates the factors influencing residents’ engagement in collective tourism social entrepreneurship (CTSE) based on motivation–opportunity–ability theory. Employing a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach, this research analyzes quantitative data from 211 residents in tourism destinations in China to uncover the specific combinations of factors that influence their willingness to participate in CTSE. The findings reveal four major configurations: village community rationality, economic rationality, participation in decontextualization, and comprehensive participation. The results indicate that support for the collective economy varies among individuals, which is closely linked to residents’ capital accumulation and their participation in tourism dividends. This suggests that rural elites should facilitate villagers’ participation in CTSE and emphasize residents’ heterogeneity in tourism development. To prevent the social mission from being diverted, the local government should ensure residents’ right to share the benefits of tourism and their central role. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for other nations or regions with similar socio-cultural backgrounds, supporting sustainable rural development through CTSE.
Journals
2026 EN
Bohlin Anna
In the mid-nineteenth century, novels by Mathilde Fibiger (1830–1872), Fredrika Bremer (1801–1865), and Fredrika Runeberg (1807–1879) promoting women’s rights became a starting-point for the subsequent women’s movements in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland, respectively. Lutheran arguments were ubiquitous on both sides of the conflict over women’s emancipation. Anti-Catholicism was an integral part of the Nordic nationalist movements, embraced by these authors. Still Fibiger’s Clara Raphael (1851) and Runeberg’s Sigrid Liljeholm (1862) explicitly discuss Catholic forms of female religious authority, whereas Bremer ventured into an extended and personal investigation of the Catholic faith in her travelogue Two Years in Switzerland and Italy (1860/1861). I examine the tension between Lutheran nationalism and Catholic forms of female vocation underlying the arguments for women’s emancipation in Fibiger’s and Runeberg’s novels. Bremer’s travelogue provides a context for the approach to Catholicism in general, and a code to detect traces of Catholic female religious authority in Bremer’s own emancipation novel Hertha (1856). Catholicism is rejected and yet appropriated to reimagine the Lutheran idea of women’s vocation. The conflation of nationalist and religious discourse generates a double calling to women’s emancipation, ultimately portrayed as a sacred mission.
Journals
2026 EN
Xiang Fan
The bail provision in Article 42(2) of Hong Kong's National Security Law (NSL) is one of the most controversial aspects of this contentious legislation. This article presents the first systematic exploration of the NSL bail regime and its practical application. It begins by examining NSL 42(2) and its interpretation by Hong Kong's highest court, which views it as an alteration to the city's original bail rules that favours the granting of bail. The article then focuses on its implementation by lower courts, particularly exploring bail likelihood and court considerations under the new framework. By analysing all decided bail cases with written judgments from 30 June 2020, when the NSL came into force, to 30 June 2023, this article finds that not an inconsiderable number of suspects facing national security charges can still obtain bail, challenging the common belief that securing bail for such suspects is nearly impossible. The analysis also highlights that courts, in making bail decisions, heavily weigh factors such as the suspects’ determination against authorities or the constitutional order, their endorsed methods for achieving their agendas and their political connections. The article concludes by advocating for a more pragmatic expectation of Hong Kong courts’ performance in the changing political climate, while cautioning against placing undue emphasis on political connections in bail determinations, as this could potentially compromise the presumption of innocence. This study aims to enhance understanding of the NSL bail system and provide academic perspectives for legal practitioners navigating the evolving legal landscape within the courts.
Journals
2026 EN
Janus Thorsten
The conflict literature suggests that UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) reduce the death toll due to armed conflict. In contrast, deviations from moderate temperatures and changes in commodity prices might increase conflict. In this paper, I ask whether additional UN troops in countries with preexisting PKOs and active conflicts reduce the harmful effects of deviations from moderate temperatures and fluctuations in commodity prices on the intensity of conflict. In other words, do PKOs increase resilience? First, I develop a conceptual framework relating mission size to the effects of temperature and commodity prices. Second, I estimate the effects in a monthly country-level panel of PKOs with UN troops from 1990 to 2019. I find that deviations from moderate temperatures, negative shocks to commodity prices, and both negative and positive price shocks in oil exporters increase the conflict-related death toll. However, at the mean level of peacekeeping troops, countries are largely protected. I conclude that policy-makers might benefit from increasing peacekeeping troops in areas exposed to extreme temperatures or fluctuations in commodity prices.
Journals
2026 EN
Fraenkel Jon
The 2003–2017 Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) has been described as a uniquely successful example of a host state sharing sovereignty with an external actor. After five years of debilitating civil conflict, an Australian-led intervention force assumed powerful positions in key parts of the Solomon Islands state, including policing, the prison service, the justice and finance ministries and various accountability institutions. The RAMSI experience has therefore been identified as a critical test case for those—like Francis Fukuyama and Stephen Krasner—who make broader claims about the desirability of interventions that restrict the sovereignty of weak, failed or delinquent states. This paper argues that shared sovereignty is a highly inaccurate and misleading description of the RAMSI arrangements. Executive authority remained with the Solomon Islands government throughout and RAMSI’s more intrusive actions generated a major political crisis over 2006–2007 from which the mission never entirely recovered. Far from offering a successful example of a foreign power sharing sovereignty with a mendicant state, the RAMSI story illustrates the dangers of seeking to better manage aid delivery by diminishing the political autonomy of recipient countries.
Journals
2026 EN
Leung Shuk Man
The Cultural Revolution (CR) is often depicted as ‘the Other’ in Hong Kong’s identity formation during the 1960s and 1970s, with the main role being assigned to the benevolent colonial state, but this depiction overlooks the CR’s catalysation of local ideological conflicts between Left and Right newspapers. Situated in the tradition of studies on modern Chinese newspapers, this article scrutinises the interpretation of the CR in an unofficial KMT periodical, Popular Magazine ( PM ). It focuses on three salient events: the 1967 riots, China’s membership of the United Nations, and the New Leftist campaign ‘Learning about China, Caring about Society’. The KMT’s intellectual sources (e.g., the Three Principles of the People), the article shows, became comprehensible in light of PM ’s own priorities as counterattacks on the local Left/New Left, consolidation of local Chinese identification, and resolution of colonial injustices. PM ’s advocacy of pro-KMT national identification in the name of promoting a place identity based on ‘stability and prosperity’, as well as its anti-Communist mission, developed in a process of dialectical interaction with ‘the Other’ (i.e., the CR) while negotiating colonialism. This identity discourse compels us to rethink the pro-colonial and homogenous construction of identity discourse in Hong Kong.
Journals
2026 EN
Wang Xiaoyu · Xu Kaibin
The disruption of self-identity can be distressful, and it is especially pronounced in people with mental illness. Narratives may allow them to innovate their “selves” in ways that help them adapt to the altered life. Drawing on the Dialogical Self Theory (DST), this study explores how people with eating disorders (EDs) construct and innovate the self by examining their illness vlogging on a popular Chinese video platform. While ED sufferers tend to otherize their ill selves, by producing and posting their vlogs, they gradually learned to reflect on and integrate their experiences into new identities. The study reveals that the ED vloggers view their life as a story from a distance, which enables forming a “bystander me” to reflect on the conflicting “waste me” and “ideal me” positions. They also integrate the “waste me” and “ideal me” into a “sick but recovering me” position, acknowledging their imperfection but also actively seeking treatment and believing that the future will be better. Finally, ED vloggers create a “helper” identity that helps them transform the painful experiences into a resource that can be used to help others, enabling a sense of self-worth, authority, and mission. The visual and performative nature of vlogging enables it to be a dramatic form of self-healing for the narrator, through dialogs with the self and the audience. The study contributes to understanding ED sufferers’ identity reconstruction and elucidating the mechanism of the DST.
Journals
2026 EN
Robinson Amanda L. · Davies Bethan
The available research on specialist policing responses to violence against women and girls highlights multiple benefits. However, there is limited evidence about the key features of specialist units, the specific mechanisms that lead to improved outcomes, and the extent to which procedural justice theory can be seen to underpin specialist alternatives to ‘business as usual’ policing approaches. This paper advances knowledge on the topic of specialist policing units designed to improve the response to VAWG, with a specific focus on domestic abuse, by reporting findings from two interlinked mixed-methods research projects that took place in Wales during 2023–2024, including workshops with representatives from the four police forces and a case study from one police force. Several types of data were collected and analysed: focus groups with police (n = 10 participants), interviews with police and partner agencies (n = 10), domestic abuse cases referred to a specialist unit over a 9-month period (n = 387), and survey feedback from domestic abuse victims (n = 413). The workshops revealed strong consensus around specialist units having a defined remit and a clear mission of being victim-led, with dedicated time and resources including specialist knowledge and expertise and arrangements in place for working in close collaboration with partner agencies. The Operation Diogel case study demonstrated how these underlying mechanisms generated a range of improvements when put into practice, including higher victim satisfaction, better safeguarding and criminal justice outcomes, and enhanced tradecraft, teamworking and morale amongst the officers involved.
Journals
2026 EN
Shi Wanzhu · Azevedo Lauren · Seth Ravij
The COVID-19 pandemic created varied impacts among nonprofit organizations in the US and globally, including changes in operating costs, employment, and services, which are well documented; however, in the aftermath of the pandemic other challenges are being felt in unexpected ways that are shifting how nonprofits market themselves moving forward. This study explores the unique challenges that nonprofits have faced using social media for marketing purposes since the pandemic. Qualitative data from focus group participants representing small-sized nonprofits suggests that social media is still useful for marketing and brand awareness, but there are limits to their applicability and effectiveness for fundraising, particularly for tracking donor information and receiving timely resources. Further, the pandemic forced organizations to build their social media capacity and innovate, and these effects are forcing nonprofits to evaluate their technical capacity moving forward. Implications for nonprofit organizations in terms of capacity building training are provided, in addition to mechanisms for small nonprofits to align social media use with their mission and leverage networks and partnerships to increase technical capacity.
Journals
2026 EN
Diep Do Minh · Mai Le Thi Thu
Numerous studies have investigated customer engagement in online brand communities; yet, when it comes to nonprofit context – where communities of engaged individuals voluntarily devote their time, money and energy to serve a mission – research is still in its initial stages. In online nonprofit communities, while customer engagement is indicated to play a crucial role in determining various outcomes, including word of mouth about nonprofits, contextual factors such as the extent to which online nonprofit communities satisfy individual’s belonging needs have been unexplored. Hence, to address this literature gap, this paper examines the moderating impact of sense of belonging on the relationship between customer engagement and word of mouth in online nonprofit communities. This research used a quantitative research method to collect data to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings supported previous findings in literature that customer engagement is an influential factor of word of mouth. More importantly, the interaction effect between sense of belonging and customer engagement on word of mouth in online nonprofit communities is identified.