We consider unicellular maps, or polygon gluings, of fixed genus. A few yearsago the first author gave a recursive bijection transforming unicellular mapsinto trees, explaining the presence of Catalan numbers in counting formulas forthese objects. In this paper, we give another bijection that explicitlydescribes the "recursive part" of the first bijection. As a result we obtain avery simple description of unicellular maps as pairs made by a plane tree and apermutation-like structure. All the previously known formulas follow as animmediate corollary or easy exercise, thus giving a bijective proof for each ofthem, in a unified way. For some of these formulas, this is the first bijectiveproof, e.g. the Harer-Zagier recurrence formula, the Lehman-Walsh formula andthe Goupil-Schaeffer formula. We also discuss several applications of ourconstruction: we obtain a new proof of an identity related to covered maps dueto Bernardi and the first author, and thanks to previous work of the secondauthor, we give a new expression for Stanley character polynomials, whichevaluate irreducible characters of the symmetric group. Finally, we show thatour techniques apply partially to unicellular 3-constellations and to relatedobjects that we call quasi-constellations.
We prove a new formula for the generating function of multitype Cayley trees counted according to their degree distribution. Using this formula we recover and extend several enumerative results about trees. In particular, we extend some results by Knuth and by Bousquet-Melou and Chapuy about embedded trees. We also give a new proof of the multivariate Lagrange inversion formula. Our strategy for counting trees is to exploit symmetries of refined enumeration formulas: proving these symmetries is easy, and once the symmetries are proved the formulas follow effortlessly. We also adapt this strategy to recover an enumeration formula of Goulden and Jackson for cacti counted according to their degree distribution.
The analysis of prognostic factors in Japanese cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is scarce. Clusterin is a ubiquitous 80kDa heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed on tumor cells of systemic and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The expression of clusterin in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) has only been sporadically reported in a small number of cases.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), Netherton syndrome (NS) and peeling skin syndrome type B (PSS) may show some clinical phenotypic overlap. Corneodesmosomes are crucial for maintaining stratum corneum integrity and the components' localization can be visualized by immunostaining tape-stripped corneocytes. In normal skin, they are detected at the cell periphery.
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of unilateral and bilateral jugular vein occlusion by temporary surgical ligature on the heart rate and arterial and venous blood pressure in sedentary horses during progressive treadmill exercise. Six horses performed three exercise tests (ET). ET1, considered the control, was performed in horses without jugular occlusions. ET2 and ET3 were performed with unilateral and bilateral occlusion by temporary surgical ligature of the jugular veins, respectively. Heart rate, arterial pressure, and pressure of the occluded jugular vein were evaluated. Clinically, the horses presented apathy, head edema, congested mucous membranes, increased capillary refill time, and dysphagia. These signs were observed with the unilateral jugular vein occlusion and became more evident with the bilateral occlusion. Comparing ETs, no differences were observed in heart rate. However, jugular occlusions promoted a decrease in the mean arterial pressure and a severe increase in jugular pressure. Head edema caused by the jugular vein occlusion in the horses could interfere with the autonomic cardiovascular regulation of arterial blood pressure during exercise, likely leading to an impairment of tissue perfusion. Jugular occlusion, even unilateral, also causes severe head venous congestion, leading to venous hypertension that was aggravated by exercise, which could risk development of cerebral edema and neurological damage. The present results obtained from sedentary horses are preliminary data that lead us to suggest that sport horses presenting jugular occlusive thrombophlebitis, even unilateral, may be prevented from performing athletic activities. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Albumin is the most abundant protein in human plasma that is produced exclusively in the liver. Traditionally, albumin has been thought of being important in providing plasma with its oncotic property and therefore its use in clinical practice has been mainly aimed at promoting plasma volume expansion. The past 10 years or so has seen an explosion in the knowledge of albumin biology such that it is now clear that it has multifunctional properties ranging from provision of oncotic pressure, immune regulation and endothelial stabilization to being a molecule that works in the intracellular compartment modifying several key pathophysiological mechanisms (reviewed in Garcie-Martinez et al.) [1]. It has been hypothesized that the pleiotropic effects of albumin in cirrhosis and its proven effectiveness in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, prevention of post paracentesis circulatory dysfunction, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy relates to these functional characteristics rather than simple volume expansion [1]. Indeed, albumin administration, but not hydroxyethyl starch, improves systemic hemodynamics in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by decreasing endothelial activation [2]. Moreover, in experimental cirrhosis in rats, albumin exerts a positive cardiac inotropic effect counteracting oxidative stressand TNF-a-induced impairment of cardiac contractility [3]. Given the pathophysiological importance of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in hepatorenal syndrome, it is likely that the beneficial effects of albumin in this setting are mediated, at least in part, by these mechanisms. The paper in the current issue of the Journal of Hepatology by Oettl et al. adds to that growing literature by suggesting that albumin may be irreversibly oxidized in advanced cirrhosis, and this reduction in albumin function predicts mortality [4]. Albumin is 67 kDa protein and because of its amino acid composition it has a negative net charge at pH 7, which makes it soluble and imparts its oncotic properties. From the functional
To clarify the clinical features of coronary artery spasm (CAS) with no significant coronary stenosis in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in real practice.
To compare the immunologic state of 44 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with a control group consisting of 16 healthy individuals.
ultrasound (US) has been an important diagnostic tool to identify several causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA) may present hematochezia and the confirmation of the diagnosis can be difficult. The aim of this study is to describe grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with CMA.