Journals
2026 EN
Balasubramaniam Nandhini · Balakrishnan Ranjith · Bera Amal Kanti
+4 more
ABSTRACT Optoporation enables high‐precision delivery of biomolecules for treating diseases through cell therapy, gene editing, and personalized therapeutics. Nanoparticle‐based optoporation offers high transfection efficiency by minimizing cell damage, thus enhancing the overall cellular health. This study demonstrates the versatility of using Titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs)‐mediated optoporation for the delivery of small to large cargos, achieving high transfection efficiency alongside cell viability. TiN NPs adsorbed on the cell membrane, when irradiated with a laser fluence of 12.8 mJ/cm 2 at an 850 nm wavelength, generate plasmonic bubbles, facilitating the delivery of cargo into the cells. By using this platform, wide range of cargos/biomolecules such as propidium iodide (PI) dye (668.4 Da), dextran (3 kDa), small interfering RNA (siRNA) (13.3 kDa), enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression plasmid DNA (229.4 kDa), and β‐ galactosidase enzyme (465 kDa) are delivered into diverse mammalian cell lines (L929, MG‐63, and N2a) with high transfection efficiency and cell viability. The functionality of the transfected β‐galactosidase enzyme is assessed by measuring its enzymatic activity, verifying the effectiveness of the transfection process. For small PI molecules, MG‐63 cells demonstrated a delivery efficiency of 98% with a cell viability of 99%. In contrast, for oversized cargo (enzyme, 465 kDa), the transfection efficiency and cell viability achieved were 97% and 99%, respectively. Furthermore, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are transfected with the EGFP plasmid and β‐galactosidase enzyme, demonstrating a transfection efficiency of 98% and cell viability of 99%. To study the cytotoxicity of TiN NPs, an MTT assay, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, and behavioral assessment of the in vivo zebrafish model are conducted. The plots suggest that TiN NPs do not pose neurotoxic effects. Thus, this platform has demonstrated inherent potential for cell reprogramming and applications in medicine, molecular biology, and cellular biology.
Journals
2026 EN
Tian Haowen · Deng Jia · Xu Yalin
+3 more
ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment faces critical challenges of rapid clearance and short therapeutic duration following conventional intra‐articular (IA) drug injections. To address these limitations, researchers have developed novel carrier‐based delivery systems that enable precise drug localization and sustained release through material engineering and controlled‐release technologies. These innovative strategies significantly enhance drug retention within the joint cavity while reducing systemic exposure and associated side effects. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in IA delivery systems, with a focus on the design principles of different carriers, as well as their applications in improving therapeutic outcomes. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the current research landscape, this review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing more effective OA treatment strategies.
Journals
2026 EN
Singh Khushal · Mukherjee Nivedita · Jaiswal Amit
ABSTRACT Plasmonic gold nanorattles (AuNRTs), with their distinctive core@void@shell structure, have emerged as a next‐generation platform for cancer nanotheranostics. Their hollow and porous morphology not only red‐shifts localized surface plasmon resonance into the biologically transparent near infrared‐I (NIR‐I) and near infrared‐II (NIR‐II) windows, but also enhances photothermal conversion efficiency, electromagnetic hot‐spot generation, and drug‐loading capacity. These multifunctional features allow AuNRTs to integrate high‐contrast bioimaging modalities with plasmonic photothermal therapy and synergistic chemo‐photothermal treatment within a single nanostructure. Recent advances highlight diverse shape‐ and composition‐controlled designs as well as multimetallic yolk–shell hybrids (Pd, Pt, Cu 2−x S), which demonstrate good performance in in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Despite these advances, challenges including antibody conjugation efficiency, toxicity from surfactant, limited penetration depth of NIR irradiation, and scalability barriers continue to impede clinical translation. Emerging solutions such as synthesis strategies with biocompatible polymers, site‐specific bioconjugation, and simplified “one‐for‐all” multifunctional platforms hold promise for overcoming these limitations. This review critically summarizes progress in design, properties, and applications of plasmonic Au‐NRTs for cancer theranostics, while outlining translational challenges and future opportunities. By bridging diagnostics and therapeutics into a single tunable platform, AuNRTs represent a powerful step toward precision therapy and image‐guided cancer management.
Journals
2026 EN
Waliaveettil Felicia Aswathy · Edathottiyil Issac Anila
ABSTRACT Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) possess unique redox activity, chemical stability, and enzyme‐mimetic properties, making them promising candidates for anti‐inflammatory and analgesic therapies; however, protein‐based green encapsulation strategies for such applications remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report the biochemically assisted synthesis of Aloe vera protein‐encapsulated platinum nanoparticles (APPt NPs) using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and freshly extracted Aloe vera proteins as both stabilizing and capping agents. The formation of Pt NPs was confirmed by a characteristic colour change and validated through physicochemical characterization. X‐ray diffraction revealed a face‐centred cubic crystalline structure, UV–visible spectroscopy showed absorption in the 220–280 nm range due to surface plasmon resonance, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of protein functional groups on the nanoparticle surface. APPt NPs demonstrated significant biological efficacy. In vitro assays showed inhibition of protein denaturation (IC 50 = 44.52 µg/mL) and strong free‐radical scavenging activity (IC 50 = 10.39 µg/mL). In vivo studies revealed ∼60% analgesic efficacy at 50 mg kg − 1 in the hot‐plate model and ∼50% inhibition of carrageenan‐induced paw edema after 4 h, outperforming the standard drug. These results collectively highlight APPt NPs as a biocompatible, redox‐active nanotherapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation.
Journals
2026 EN
Jitpibull Jirasak · Ratanavaraporn Juthamas
ABSTRACT Silk fibroin, a natural protein polymer derived from silkworms, has been widely utilized in the development of biomaterials due to its numerous advantageous properties, including versatile processability into various formats, tunable scaffold characteristics, extended biodegradation time, and low immunogenicity in the human body. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of silk fibroin—such as its thermal, mechanical, optical, and electrical characteristics—offering insights that can guide the tailoring of this material for specific biomedical applications. It also summarizes relevant safety data, including ISO 10993 series evaluations, which confirm the biocompatibility of silk fibroin by demonstrating its low toxicity, blood compatibility, mild inflammatory response, absence of skin sensitization, and lack of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, this review highlights findings from in vivo models across various tissue types, including skin, bone, and nerve, underscoring the high performance of silk fibroin‐based materials in tissue repair and regeneration. Clinical trial reports are also discussed, demonstrating the therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and potential of silk fibroin‐based materials for tissue repair and reconstruction in different organs, thereby reinforcing their translational promise for real‐world medical applications.
Journals
2026 EN
Wakde Bhimankshi R. · Nehete Bhagyashri N. · Pawara Dilip L.
+2 more
ABSTRACT Graphene‐based nanomaterials (GBNs) have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical applications, yet their clinical translation is largely governed by interactions with the immune system. Among immune cells, macrophages act as key regulators of the biological fate of GBNs through polarization toward pro‐inflammatory (M1) or anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This polarization is strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of GBNs, including structural characteristics and surface chemistry, and directly impacts nanomaterial clearance, biodistribution, immunotoxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review synthesizes recent studies examining how GBN properties dictate macrophage polarization and the resulting immunological outcomes. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrates that controlled macrophage responses can support beneficial effects such as tissue repair and cancer immunotherapy, whereas inappropriate activation may lead to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and adverse immune reactions. These findings highlight the dual role of macrophage polarization in mediating both therapeutic potential and immunotoxicity risk. We emphasize the need for standardized immunological assays and rational design strategies to predict and modulate macrophage responses to GBNs. A clearer understanding of the relationship between GBN physicochemical properties and macrophage polarization is essential for minimizing immunotoxicity while enabling safe and effective therapeutic applications.
Journals
2026 EN
Pamshong Sharon Rose · Kumari Mamta · Murty Upadhyayula Suryanarayana
+2 more
Celebrating the ocean's therapeutic wisdom, the cover image highlights the marine ecosystem, portraying it as a living reservoir of bioactive materials that nurture healing and regeneration. Amid the vibrant depth of the sea, interpenetrating polymeric network microparticulate system (IPN MPs), crafted from marine polysaccharides Fucoidan and Laminarin, emerges as radiant microparticles reflecting the synergy of nature and biomaterial engineering. This biocompatible microparticulate system offers potential wound healing activity with pro‐migratory effect. The research highlights IPN MPs as a promising biomaterial for advancing next‐generation wound care. More details can be found in the Research Article by Subham Banerjee and co‐workers (DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202500271).
Journals
2026 EN
Hanack Katja · Orzeł Urszula · Schlör Anja
+11 more
The cover image of the Research Article (DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202500244) by Katja Hanack, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, and co‐workers shows the outcome of a multi‐institutional collaborative effort developing a novel camelid antibody (B10) targeting SARS‐CoV2 with wide spectrum neutralizing effect. This study systematically characterized the functional neutralizing effect of this antibody using epitope mapping, peptide fragment inhibition, neutralization, in silico molecular docking, and AI‐directed structural design, to reveal the interaction of B10 with the Spike trimer from different variants. This newly generated antibody could be a potential candidate to efficiently neutralize a wide range of current and future variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 for broad clinical applications.
Journals
2026 EN
Mehak Nishi · Wani Aadil Fayaz · Rani Rekha
+5 more
ABSTRACT This study examines the electrical, structural, and thermoelectric properties of newly constructed germanide halides of the rare earth metal Scandium, with chemical formula Sc 2 GeX 2 (where X = Cl, Br, or I). These materials exhibit semiconductor behavior with an indirect narrow bandgap estimated to be 0.14 eV for Sc 2 GeBr 2 , and 0.24 eV for Sc 2 GeI 2 . The thermoelectric properties are analyzed using the first principles method in conjunction with the Boltzmann transport equations (BTE). Two out of three materials of a Scandium germanide halogen series are mechanically and dynamically stable. The Figure of Merit (ZT) is determined by evaluating and integrating thermoelectric coefficients such as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. The lattice thermal conductivity values for these materials are computed for Sc 2 GeI 2 , exhibiting the lowest value of 1.32 Wm −1 K −1 and Sc 2 GeBr 2 with lowest value of 2.96 Wm −1 K −1 at 300 K. The highest figure of merit (ZT) between these novel materials is 0.54 for Sc 2 GeI 2 with Seebeck coefficient of 349.98 µV K −1 , electrical conductivity 13.97 × 10 5 S m −1 and electronic thermal conductivity 9.66 Wm −1 K −1 whereas Sc 2 GeBr 2 shows lower value of figure of merit, i.e., 0.40. These results suggest that these materials can be considered as promising candidates for energy harvesting in thermoelectric applications.
Journals
2026 EN
Chowdhury Chandra
ABSTRACT Van der Waals homobilayers, comprising two identical layers of a 2D material, are significant due to their tunable electronic properties and potential applications in advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as transistors, photodetectors, and solar cells. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) and optimization methods to predict the bandgaps of these homobilayers. The Extra Tree Regressor (ETR), which features 48 attributes, provides reasonable accuracy. To enhance predictive performance, we integrate three optimization approaches evaluated across 1000 experiments. The ETR model achieves precise results while necessitating a reduced number of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Gaussian Process (GP) model, in conjunction with Bayesian optimization, improves prediction by utilizing probabilistic outputs and uncertainty assessments. We subsequently employed a hybrid methodology that combines ETR and GP models: initially utilizing ETR for fast exploration and then shifting to GP for enhanced optimization. The suggested hybrid method exhibits efficiency and accuracy, attaining robust prediction ability while utilizing fewer computer resources ‐ showing its applicability in future research.