In this paper, magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is fabricated with carbonyl iron particle mixed with silicon rubber as the matrix. Sandwiched beam is fabricated from the MRE sandwiched between two aluminum layers. Forced vibrations of the MRE cored sandwiched beam have been studied. An experimental set up is fabricated to investigate the vibration responses of MRE cored sandwich beam with and without magnetic field. The obtained experimental results reveal that the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the MRE cored sandwiched beams are significantly influenced by MRE and magnetic field. The stiffness and damping properties of the beam change due to the change in rheological properties of the MRE under the magnetic field.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of vertigo.BPPV is often overlooked by general physician and treated with anti-vertigo drugs. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, incidence, clinical presentation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Also assessing the age, gender and site of the lesion, association with other vestibular disorders, progression, and recurrence in these patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of total of 172patients those attended in vertigo clinic for giddiness diagnosed as BPPV. Data analyzed from medical records since last 3 years. Out of total 685 vertigo patients in our Vertigo Clinic, 172were found to suffer from BPPV.The age of the patients ranged from 23 years to 76 years with mean of 41.4 year. Results: Out of 685 patients with vertigo,172 were diagnosed as BPPV. Among them, 102 female and 70 male patients. The posterior canal was affected in 81.97 %, the lateral in 10.46 %, the anterior in 5.23 % and multiple canals in 2.32 %.The treatment maneuver used most was Epley’smaneuver. Recurrence was observed in 10.37 % of the cases. It was idiopathic in 73.83% of cases. Conclusion: BPPV is a common peripheral vestibular disorder causing significant morbidity, psychosocial impact and medical costs. Epley’s maneuver provides rapid relief of symptoms of BPPV. In addition daily Brandt–Daroff exercises decrease the chances of recurrence rate.
The studied area has a special interest in natural resources and prospecting for radioactive minerals and also, the groundwater, which has a great value for development purpose for Bedouin. At the studied locality in El Rakaiz-El Sahu area the discover tabular fractured rock bodies host uraninite, xenotime, and iron mineralization through the fracture cutting the lower Paleozoic sandstone rocks. These occurrences of minerals concentration are interpreted to the ascending solutions contain uranium and associated elements through the fractures, and may be increased with depth. According to the field investigation, petrographic and mineralogical studies, hydrothermal origin for uranium mineralization is suggested by the present work. Unusually uranium content was recorded in drinking water wells which dugged in the area. Furthermore, the radionuclides analysis of drinking water samples using high purity germanium instruments recorded the presence of very high uranium contaminant up to 1000 ppb (100 times more the maximum contaminant level). This occurs by the percolation of oxidized water through the fractured sandstone restricted by uranium minerals, leads to the partially dissolution of the uranium and, subsequently, the release of uranium to the groundwater and re-established due to water-rock interactions.
Embossing is the art term of any process – e.g. casting, chasing, stamping, carving or molding- designed to make a pattern or figurative composition stand out in relief. The present paper discusses the contemporary practices of embossing by different Indian artists under three broad categories: Pressing, Carving and Punching. This will discuss the artworks of the artists for exploring the motivational aspects and for examining the development of visual language. All the primary case studies of were evidently researched by having a direct observation of their practices through interviews and by examining primary and secondary textual sources moderated by their artistic process as the contemporary modernist approaches.
Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement provides that members shall provide for protection of plant varieties either by patents or by an effective sui generis protection or both. While WTO member countries can choose from among intellectual property strategies to protect plant varieties, they may not choose to exclude plant varieties from IP rights protection without facing trade sanctions from the WTO dispute resolution body. The open-ended language of the article creates a flexible standard of protection sympathetic to developing nations’ socio-economic priorities, provided that the effectiveness requirement is satisfied. This flexibility presents a range of possibilities from systems like the plant patent regime of the United States or specific variety protection systems of the European Union to the possibility of customized plant protection regimes suited to the needs of developing nations. India, while complying with the requirements of the TRIPS Agreement for the protection of plant varieties, enacted the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act. The fundamental ideology of the PPVFR Act is to address India’s concerns about protecting the rights of small and marginal farming communities, while at the same time promoting plant breeding by vesting adequate IP rights protection which will boost further research and innovation in this field. This paper argues that as it is necessary to recognize and protect the rights of farmers in respect of their contribution made at any time in conserving, improving and making available plant genetic resources for the development of new plant varieties, the PPVFR Act has maintained a balance between breeders’ rights and farmers’ rights. The PPVFR Act protects farmers’ rights to save, use, exchange and share all farm produce, including seeds that fall within the purview of the Act, and it provides protection of indigenous knowledge against unwary monetization.
The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 2 describes the single-phase module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure.
The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure.