Journals
2018 EN
Pranjal Sahu · Dantong Yu · Mallesham Dasari
+2 more
The size and shape of a nodule are the essential indicators of malignancy in lung cancer diagnosis. However, effectively capturing the nodule's structural information from CT scans in a computer-aided system is a challenging task. Unlike previous models that proposed computationally intensive deep ensemble models or three-dimensional CNN models, we propose a lightweight, multiple view sampling based multi-section CNN architecture. The model obtains a nodule's cross sections from multiple view angles and encodes the nodule's volumetric information into a compact representation by aggregating information from its different cross sections via a view pooling layer. The compact feature is subsequently used for the task of nodule classification. The method does not require the nodule's spatial annotation and works directly on the cross sections generated from volume enclosing the nodule. We evaluated the proposed method on lung image database consortium (LIDC) and image database resource initiative (IDRI) dataset. It achieved the state-of-the-art performance with a mean 93.18% classification accuracy. The architecture could also be used to select the representative cross sections determining the nodule's malignancy that facilitates in the interpretation of results. Because of being lightweight, the model could be ported to mobile devices, which brings the power of artificial intelligence (AI) driven application directly into the practitioner's hand.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Journals
2018 EN
Satyam Agarwal · Francesco Malandrino · Carla Fabiana Chiasserini
+1 more
One of the main goals of 5G networks is to support the technological andbusiness needs of various industries (the so-called verticals), which wish tooffer to their customers a wide range of services characterized by diverseperformance requirements. In this context, a critical challenge lies in mappingin an automated manner the requirements of verticals into decisions concerningthe network infrastructure, including VNF placement, resource assignment, andtraffic routing. In this paper, we seek to make such decisions jointly,accounting for their mutual interaction, and efficiently. To this end, weformulate a queuing-based model and use it at the network orchestrator tooptimally match the vertical's requirements to the available system resources.We then propose a fast and efficient solution strategy, called MaxZ, whichallows us to reduce the solution complexity. Our performance evaluation,carried out accounting for multiple scenarios representative of real-worldservices, shows that MaxZ performs substantially better than state-of-the-artalternatives and consistently close to the optimum.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Journals
2018 EN
Anit Kumar Sahu · Dusan Jakovetic · Soummya Kar
The paper presents a communication efficient distributed algorithm, CIRFE of the consensus+innovations type, to estimate a high-dimensional parameter in a multi-agent network, in which each agent is interested in reconstructing only a few components of the parameter. This problem arises, for example, when monitoring the high-dimensional distributed state of a large-scale infrastructure with a network of limited capability sensors and where each sensor is tasked with estimating some local components of the state. At each observation sampling epoch, each agent updates its local estimate of the parameter components in its interest set by simultaneously processing the latest locally sensed information (innovations) and the parameter estimates from agents (consensus ) in its communication neighborhood given by a time-varying possibly sparse graph. Under minimal conditions, on the interagent communication network and the sensing models, almost sure convergence of the estimate sequence at each agent to the components of the true parameter in its interest set is established. Furthermore, the paper establishes the performance of CIRFE in terms of asymptotic covariance of the estimate sequences and specifically characterizes the dependencies of the component wise asymptotic covariance in terms of the number of agents tasked with estimating it. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate the efficacy of CIRFE.
Journals
2018 EN
Betty Chan · Angela Chiew · Sarah Grainger
+5 more
Amar Satyam, Sohil Pothiawala Singapore General Hospital Introduction: Hyperventilation syndrome is a relatively common emergency department (ED) presentation in which minute ventilation exceeds metabolic demands. It is associated with a wide range of symptoms without a clear organic precipitant. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium with a wide range of clinical presentations, from subtle to devastating. It is caused by a wide variety of infectious organisms, autoimmune disorders, and exogenous agents. Case report: A 37 year old Egyptian lady who was 12 weeks pregnant presented to the ED with sudden onset of hyperventilation and chest discomfort. She also complained of numbness in the limbs but denied any other complaints. Clinically, she appeared well and her vitals were stable. Examination of heart and lungs was normal. ECG show normal sinus rhythm and ABG showed signs of hyperventilation (PH 7.54, PCO2 23mmHg, HCO3 20mmol/L and SaO2 99%). Chest xray was normal and bedside Echo did not show evidence of myocardial dysfunction, valvular abnormalities or massive pulmonary embolism. Troponin T was 426ng/L (normal < 30ng/L). Discussion: Diagnosing myocarditis is challenging in view of its varied presentations. There is no definite clinical feature that is diagnostic of myocarditis. It is typically seen in patients around age of 20–50 years and the variability in presentation reflects the variability in histological disease severity, etiology, and disease stage at presentation. Many cases go undetected because they are subclinical or present with nonspecific signs. Patients of myocarditis usually present with mild symptoms of chest pain, fever, sweats, chills, and dyspnea secondary to heart failure. This is a rare case where patient presented with shortness of breath which was not secondary to heart failure but only showed signs of hyperventilation of clinical examination and ABG. Conclusion: Emergency physicians treat young patients who present with shortness of breath secondary to hyperventilation/psychogenic dyspnoea. A high degree of suspicion is needed to diagnose myocarditis which can occasionally present with atypical symptom like hyperventilation. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in adult tuberous sclerosis complex: report of one case
Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Journals
2018 EN
Fawole F.J. · Sahu N.P. · Sham.
+5 more
Jatropha protein isolate was prepared following the principle of isoelectric precipitation. The isolated protein is low in fibre, lipid and ash, and high in protein and gross energy contents. The antinutritional factors such as phytic acid, tannin and trypsin inhibitor were found to decrease after protein extraction except phorbol esters ( PE s), which remain bounded to the protein matrix. Thus, the protein isolate was detoxified and the PE s content reduced significantly. For the feeding trial, six isonitrogenous diets were formulated as DJP 0, DJP 25, DJP 50, DJP 75, DJP 100, or DJP 100 + lysine with detoxified Jatropha protein isolate ( DJP ) in replacement for soybean protein isolate ( SPI ) and fed to L. rohita fingerlings (3.25 ± 0.02 g) for 60 days. The weight gain percentage ( WG %), specific growth rate and metabolic growth rate values among the groups showed no significant difference ( p > .05), except DJP 100 fed group. The feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, and survival, digestive and hepatic aminotransferase enzymes activities were not significantly affected, whereas intestinal alkaline phosphatase and serum alanine transaminase differ significantly ( p < .05). Thus, this study revealed that DJP supplemented with lysine could replace 100% SPI protein without causing any significant effects on fish performance and organ integrity.
Journals
2018 EN
Sanap B.N. · Sardar P. · Sahu N.P.
+6 more
Defatted Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) was irradiated through electron beam radiation at 25 kGy (IJKM). After irradiation, PEs and phytate were decreased by 36.67% and 55.27%, respectively, with slight reduction in total hydrolysed amino acids in IJKM. A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the utilization of irradiated Jatropha kernel meal (IJKM) in the diet of rohu ( Labeo rohita ) fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous (300 g/kg CP) and isoenergetic (15 MJ/kg GE) diets such as T0 (control, without IJKM), T5 (50 g/kg IJKM), T10 (100 g/kg IJKM), T15 (150 g/kg IJKM) and T20 (200 g/kg IJKM) were prepared and fed to fish of respective treatments. Fish fed diets containing T15 and T20 groups exhibited significantly lower ( p < .05) weight gain, FCE, PER, ANPU, HSI, ISI, survival rate, nutrient and energy digestibility, than the other groups. Fish of higher IJKM fed groups (T15 and T20) also showed lower muscle moisture, protein, ash and higher muscle lipid content. The liver catalase and SOD activities significantly decreased in the higher IJKM fed groups. It is concluded that IJKM (irradiated by 25 kGy electron beam) can be incorporated up to 100 g/kg in carp feed with the replacement of 33% soybean meal and 28% ground nut oil cake without compromising growth performances of Labeo rohita .
Journals
2018 EN
Meshram Shweta · Deo Ashutosh D · Kumar Sarvendra
+2 more
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to determine the growth performance and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 gene ( IGF ‐I gene) in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with either raw, soaked or fermented sweet potato leaf meal ( SPLM ) by completely replacing de‐oiled rice bran ( DORB ), following a completely randomized design. Seven isonitrogenous (30%) and isocaloric (1.8 MJ/100 g) diets were prepared by replacing DORB with 50% and 100% raw, soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal, maintaining DORB ‐containing diets as a control. Weight gain %, SGR (specific growth rate) and PER (protein efficiency ratio) were significantly ( p 0.05). Hence, the study concludes that the fermented sweet potato leaf meal using Chaetomium globosum can replace 100% DORB in the diet of Labeo rohita without any detrimental effect on growth performance.
Journals
2018 EN
Sagar Rajesh · Sahu Anamika · Pattanayak Raman Deep
+1 more
Objective Available findings from cross‐sectional studies have demonstrated cognitive impairments in bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) during various phases of illness. However, very little is known about the longitudinal course of these cognitive impairments. The purpose of the study was to explore the longitudinal pattern of changes in cognitive functioning of BD‐I patients. Methods A total of 129 BD‐I subjects (manic, depressed and euthymic groups) and 49 healthy controls were recruited using predefined selection criteria. All four study groups were assessed on various clinical and cognitive parameters (for attention, memory, executive functions and working memory) at study intake and at 3‐monthly intervals over the next year. Results All three patient groups performed poorly compared to controls on all cognitive measures at study intake and on some cognitive measures at the 3‐, 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐month assessments. No significant time effects were observed for any cognitive test. A significant group by time interaction effect was found for executive functions (β = −44.74; P = .018) and working memory (β = 0.77; P ≤ .019) in the depressed group at 12 months; for visual memory (β = 1.21; P = .039) and working memory (β = 1.17; P ≤ .029) in the manic group at 12 months; and for working memory (β = −0.52; P ≤ .036) in the euthymic group at 12 months. Conclusion The patient groups showed significant impairments in all or some test domains relative to controls at all time‐points. The cognitive functions largely remained stable in all patient groups, with slight improvement over time in a few tests. Further investigation is warranted in larger samples in longitudinal studies.
Journals
2018 EN
Kim H.J. · Zeidi M. · Bonciani D.
+4 more
Summary Background Interleukin ( IL )‐31 is implicated in pruritus associated with pruritic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis. Although pruritus is a prominent feature in dermatomyositis ( DM ), few studies have evaluated the pathogenesis of DM ‐associated itch. Objectives To establish the prevalence of itch in DM , and to investigate the role of IL ‐31 in DM ‐related itch. Methods Pruritus and disease activity of DM were evaluated by a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and the Cutaneous Disease and Activity Severity Index ( CDASI ), respectively. Expression of IL ‐31 and IL ‐31 receptor alpha ( IL ‐31 RA ) in lesional DM , nonlesional DM and healthy control skin was evaluated by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was performed on skin cells isolated from lesional DM skin to identify cellular sources of IL ‐31 in DM . Results Among 191 patients with DM , 50·8% had moderate‐to‐severe itch, and itch was correlated with increased cutaneous severity ( r = 0·34). In patients with itchy DM , gene expression of IL 31 and IL 31 RA in lesional skin was upregulated compared with nonlesional skin and healthy control skin. IL 31 mRNA expression positively correlated with VAS itch score ( r = 0·67). On immunofluorescence, immunoreactivity for IL ‐31 and IL ‐31 RA was stronger in lesional skin. Flow cytometry showed that lesional DM skin contained significantly more IL ‐31‐producing cells, and CD 4 + cells were the most common cell type. Lenabasum, an emerging treatment for DM , significantly downregulated IL ‐31 from CpG‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Conclusions Increased skin IL ‐31 may play a role in DM ‐associated itch, and ongoing trials will evaluate the effects of systemic treatment on IL ‐31 and itch in DM .
Journals
2018 EN
Kim H.J. · Zeidi M. · Bonciani D.
+4 more
Summary Patients with dermatomyositis often suffer from itching, but the mechanism is unknown. The authors of this study, based in USA, Korea and Italy, aimed to find out how common itch is in patients with dermatomyositis, and whether a cytokine called IL‐31 is increased in affected skin. Cytokines are proteins produced by cells in the immune system and a delicate balance of cytokines is needed to maintain health. In some skin disorders, such as atopic eczema, this balance is disrupted, and too many pro‐inflammatory cytokines (meaning ones which cause inflammation) are produced. 191 patients with the condition were surveyed, and the authors took biopsy samples from skin lesions, compared with four healthy controls (people without dermatomyositis). They found that half of the patients had moderate to severe itch, and itch was linked to the severity of the disease. In skin lesions from patients with itchy dermatomyositis, there was increased gene expression of IL‐31and its receptor (meaning more IL‐31 and the receptor that helps it work were released), and this expression was stronger in patients with more severe itch. A new drug under investigation for dermatomyositis, lenabasum, reduces or ‘downregulates’ the expression of IL‐31, and the authors conclude that it may prove to be of value in the treatment of itch in this condition.