One‐Pot Allan–Robinson/Friedländer Route to Chromen‐/Quinolin‐4‐ones through the Domino Acetylative Cyclisation of 2‐Hydroxy‐/2‐Aminobenzaldehydes

The domino synthesis of 2‐phenyl‐4 H ‐chromen‐4‐ones and quinolin‐4‐ones through acetylation of 2‐hydroxy‐/2‐aminobenzaldehydes with α‐haloketones followed by intramolecular oxa‐/azaheterocyclisation is reported. This method represents a new extension of the Allan–Robinson and Friedländer reactions, and uses N‐heterocyclic‐carbene catalysis to construct the target molecules in good to excellent yields: 86–95 % for the chromen‐4‐ones, and 83–96 % for the quinolin‐4‐ones. This approach has the advantages of operational simplicity, ambient reaction conditions, and no by‐product formation.

An N , N′ ‐Bridged Corrole: First Example of a N 21 , N 22 ‐Methylene‐Bridged Corrole Derivative

A new N , N ′ ‐bridged corrole derivative has been prepared for the first time via the reaction of diiodomethane with 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole. The new macrocycle has been thoroughly characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.

Comparative assessment of the fluoride removal capability of immobilized and dead cells of Staphylococcus lentus (KX941098) isolated from contaminated groundwater

A microbial treatment of fluorinated aqueous solution was performed by using a novel bacterial strain isolated from fluoride‐loaded groundwater. Defluoridation efficiencies of two forms viz. immobilized live cells and dead biomass of the isolate were investigated by means of a series of batch studies. Initial fluoride concentration (1–25 mg L −1 ), pH (5–9), bead numbers (5–30), agitation speed (100–240 rpm), and temperature (20–45°C) were the various parameters studied to investigate the influence of each of them on fluoride removal capacity of the microbial species. The bacterial species isolated was able to withstand fluoride concentration till 20 mg L −1 in case of immobilized live cells, whereas, the dead biomass could reduce the concentration only up to 10 mg L −1 . 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the isolate to be Staphylococcus lentus . Biochemical characterizations were performed. Biokinetics of fluoride uptake by the isolate was performed. Instrumental analysis such as scanning electron microscopy and FTIR substantiated the uptake of the fluoride ions by the biomass. Maximum removal of 92% and 85.03% were achieved by the immobilized cells and dead biomass respectively which is the highest reported till date. Maximum sorption capacity of 5.198 mg g −1 of the dead cells were obtained from the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption equilibria was found to be best explained by the Freundlich isotherm model. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetics provided the best fit to the fluoride‐sorption system. Experimental results revealed that the immobilized cells of Staphylococcus lentus (KX941098) could be used as potential agents in removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1573–1586, 2018

Performance of multihop detect‐and‐forward relaying system over fluctuating two‐ray fading channels

The performance of multihop detect‐and‐forward relaying system is analyzed over fluctuating two‐ray fading channels for 28 GHz millimeter wave communications. Exact closed‐form expressions for outage probability and average symbol error rate of various modulation schemes over nonidentically distributed fluctuating two‐ray fading channels have been obtained. The derived expressions are given in terms of the Lauricella hypergeometric functionsΦ 2 ( n ) ( · ) andF D ( n ) ( · ) . Moreover, the derived expressions also accommodate several others reported results in the literature for two‐wave diffuse power, Rician, Rician shadowed, Nakagami‐ m , and Hoyt fading channels. Asymptotic outage probability and average symbol error rate expressions are also derived, which provide useful insights on the factors governing the performance of the considered system. The numerical results have been verified with Monte‐Carlo simulation results.

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with SSK modulation over Rayleigh fading

An analysis of amplify and forward (AF) cooperative relays employing “power splitting supported energy harvesting scheme” is presented for space shift keying modulation over Rayleigh fading channels. Mathematical expressions for throughput and average bit error probability are obtained using probability density function‐based approach. Numerical and computer simulation results as a function of power splitting ratio and other system parameters are presented.

Space shift keying modulation under spectrum sharing over Nakagami‐ m fading

In this letter, we analyze the performance of the space shift keying (SSK) modulation scheme for underlay spectrum‐sharing environments. For underlay spectrum‐sharing transmission, the transmit power condition of the proposed spectrum‐sharing system is considered by the interference temperature limit on the primary network and the maximum transmission power at the secondary network. Closed‐form expression for the average bit error probability (ABEP) is derived for Nakagami‐ m fading channels. The obtained expression contains a hypergeometric function. Numerical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the impact of the fading parameters on the system performance.

Retraction: Methane Emissions From the Marcellus Shale in Southwestern Pennsylvania and Northern West Virginia Based on Airborne Measurements

Molecular and epidemiological analysis of pandemic and post‐pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from central India

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus pandemic struck India in 2009 and continues to cause outbreaks in its post‐pandemic phase. Diminutive information is available about influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 from central India. This observational study presents epidemiological and molecular findings for the period of 6 years. Throat swab samples referred from districts of Madhya Pradesh were subjected to diagnosis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 following WHO guidelines. Clinical and epidemiological data were recorded and analyzed. Hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. The H275Y mutation responsible for antiviral resistance was tested using allelic real‐time RT‐PCR. Out of 7365 tested samples, 2406 (32.7%) were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, of which 363 (15.08%) succumbed to infection. Significant trends were observed in positivity (χ 2  = 50.8; P  < 0.001) and mortality (χ 2  = 24.4; P  < 0.001) with increasing age. Mutations having clinical and epidemiological importance were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of HA gene sequences revealed that clade 7, 6A, and 6B viruses were in circulation. Oseltamivir resistance was detected in three fatal cases. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses having genetic diversity were detected from central India and continues to be a concern for public health. This study highlights the need of year‐round monitoring by establishment of strong molecular and clinical surveillance program.

Comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered 1.2% rosuvastatin and 1% metformin gel in treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background The aim of this study is to explore and compare the clinical efficacy of locally delivered 1.2% Rosuvastatin (RSV) and 1% Metformin (MF) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods A total of 90 volunteers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups; 1) SRP plus placebo gel; 2) SRP plus 1.2% RSV gel; 3) SRP plus 1% MF gel. Clinical parameters like modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), plaque index (PI), pocket probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months and the radiologic assessment of bone defect fill was performed at 6 and 12 months. Results mSBI, BP, PD, and CAL were improved in all the groups, however mean reductions in PD, CAL gain, and percentage of bone fill was found to be higher in RSV and MF groups than placebo group at all visits. Conclusion Adjunctive use of locally delivered 1.2% RSV and 1% MF gel stimulates a significant PD reduction, CAL gains and improved bone fill when compared with placebo gel. Results were significantly better with the use of 1.2% RSV gel than 1% MF gel.

Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid as Modulator of Physicochemical Properties of Cationic, Anionic, Nonionic, and Gemini Surfactants

The aggregation morphology of 2 cationic surfactants (cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide and cetyldiethylethanolammonium bromide), an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), a nonionic surfactant (Triton X‐100), and 2 gemini surfactants (16‐4‐16,2Br − [butanediyi‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldohexylammonium bromide)] and 16‐6‐16,2Br − [hexanediyi‐1,6‐bis(dimethyldohexylammonium bromide)]) in the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumbromide [Emim][Br] is studied using various techniques such as surface tension, conductivity, and UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Increasing the concentration of [Emim][Br] results in a decrease in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the surfactants. Various interfacial properties, namely the surface excess concentration (Г max ), minimum area per molecule at the air–water interface ( A min ) , and surface pressure at the CMC ( π cmc ), as well as the thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of the given air/water interface ( G min s ), Gibbs free energy of micelle formation ( Δ G m ° ), Gibbs free energy of micellization per alkyl tail ( Δ G m , tail ° ), Gibbs energy of transfer ( Δ G trans ° ), and standard free energy of adsorption ( Δ G ads ° ) were also investigated. The aggregation number ( N agg ) was determined by the fluorescence method. It was observed that N agg decreased with increasing weight‐percent of the IL.