Journals
2019 EN
K. P. Vishwajith · P. K. Sahu · Pradeep Mishra
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A large proportion of the Indian population is vegetarian and pulses are important sources of protein in the daily diet .In this paper an attempt has been made to summarize the overall nature of area, production and productivity of mung in India. By and large there has been considerable expansion in area, production and productivity of mung in all the states under study including whole India during the study period. Among the states under study, the maximum annual growth in area (9.75%) and production (14.55%) of mung was observed in Rajasthan. Bihar stands first in productivity of mung among the states under study. Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh Original Research Article Vishwajith et al.; CJAST, 34(1): 1-19, 2019; Article no.CJAST.48240 2 have fails to reach national average per hectare production of 367.37 kg/ha. In this paper an attempt has been made to summarize these measures along with some new measures with an objective to study the yield sustainability of particular crop over the growing regions and compare across the states/regions. Sustainability in yield of mung in different states along with whole India has been measured with the help of existing and proposed measures of sustainability indices. Whole India is showing higher sustainability in yield of mung as per the two existing and proposed methods. According to all the indices including developed two methods Rajasthan is having comparatively lower sustainability to produce mung among the states under study. Results of existing measures and proposed measure are almost in conformity with each other. From the forecasted value, it can be said that, mung productivity of India would increase to 408.84 kg/ha in 2022 as compared to 2012. In Mung, area, production and productivity Rajasthan would be leading state of India in 2022.This projection would be helpful for policy implication and planning.
Sciencedomain International
Journals
2019 EN
Prasenjit Kundu · Nayan Kishor Adhikary · M. Saha
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Mulching has become an important practice in modern field production. The use of mulches in vegetable production is undergoing a radical change away from high input, nonrenewable resources, such as plastic, to the use of high-residue organic mulches from cover crop. The purpose of this present study was to compare the growth and yield of tomato when grown under different organic and inorganic mulches. The experiment was conducted with four treatments in two consecutive years (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) at instructional farm of Sasya Shyamala Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Arapanch and different blocks of South 24 Parganas district. Among the treatments, maximum yield 60.3 t/ha and 58.7 t/ha were recorded under poly mulches in the consecutive years. Original Research Article Kundu et al.; CJAST, 35(4): 1-8, 2019; Article no.CJAST.48809 2
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Journals
2019 EN
Jubuli Sahu · M. Satya Swarupa Rani N. V. V. S Durga Prasad · Raghubar Sahu
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An effort has been made to study the effect of climate change on crop residues and need of crop residue management in present environmental condition. Crop residue management as an important practiced in the rice–wheat cropping system. In present condition, cropping season is shifted according to changing rainfall pattern. In case of wheat and rice-based cropping system, there is a chance of crop loss due to occurrence of rainfall at harvesting stage so, to cope with that situation combine harvesters become more popularize among farmers because of effective harvesting in less time, less effort and minimum labour cost. But it lefts a huge amount of loose straw in their field and farmers face difficulties in the disposal of huge straw in the field in short time has compelled to go for crop residue burning to save time as well labour. Farmers can use that residues in vermi-composting, can be fed to animals after urea treatment etc. without burning. In recent year 30-40% maize crop have been damaged due to hailstorm at its grain filling stage so these residues can be used in making silage. Removal of straw or stover can result in significant loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). If they are used as bedding for livestock, then much of the carbon may be returned to the soil as manure (Lal et al., 1998). When crop-residue is incorporated into soil, the soil’s physical properties and its water-holding capacity are enhanced. Unlike in earlier conservation farming systems wherein retained stubble was mulched and slashed, now it is mostly burned by the farmers. Vermicomposting, waste decomposer, Green Manuring, use of zero tillage machine, silage making and urea treated straw are the best option to crop residue management. The study aimed to examine the present status of crop residue management of major crops and its impact on farmers’ livelihood covering eleven blocks in Banka district of Bihar. Original Research Article Sahu et al.; CJAST, 37(6): 1-6, 2019; Article no.CJAST.52046 2
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Journals
2019 EN
Dharmendra Kumar · Rajesh Kumar · Sunil Kumar
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India has approximately 600 million livestock, which requires almost 1000 million tons of hay or green fodder to sustain present level of productivity. Despite the fact that cereal crop residues are of low feeding value (i.e., poorly available nitrogen, low digestibility with lack of useful minerals) and have low voluntary intakes (around 1.5-2 kg/100 kg mature body weight), they constitute and continue to be an important feed resource for sustainable dairy production in the developing world. Annually >20 million tons of straw biomass is being burnt in the field due to various reasons which is causing serious environmental pollution. On this view feeding trail of urea treated maize straw and huller rice bran and silage of maize feeding in cow was conducted. Urea treated straw feeding was 5.9± 0.3 kg/ day/animal with concentrate and roughage ratio was 40: 60. Total feed intake was 13kg/day/animal. Urea treatment of straw (UTS) costing average 0.84 Rs/kg and feeding of UST decreased the concentrate requirement by 20% saving average 8503Rs/Inter calving period/cow. UTS also prevent the decrease in milk yield by 10% when green fodder was not available. Costing of Silage making was 0.72Rs/kg and feeding of silage increased the milk yield and net income by 10% and 10,516Rs/Animal/ year, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that the dairy farming could be a profitable entrepreneurship when farming with application of urea treatment and silage technology for agricultural wastes. Original Research Article Kumar et al.; CJAST, 37(6): 1-8, 2019; Article no.CJAST.52047 2
Sciencedomain International
Journals
2019 EN
Raghubar Sahu · S. K. Mandal · K C Sharda
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A field experiment was conducted during Kharif and rabi seasons of 2015 and 2016 at farmer’s field of Banka District as an On Farm Trial to study the crop residues management with different crop establishment methods in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Treatment comprised two levels of crop residue management ie. residue removal and residue retention (33%) and three levels of crop establishment methods ie. (a) conventional puddled transplanted rice fb conventional-till wheat (PTR-CTW), two times ploughing with cultivator followed by two times puddling and one planking was done before the manual transplanting of 21 days old seedling at 20 cm spacing from row to row. After rice harvesting, wheat was sown by broadcasting in conventional tillage plots with two times harrowing with cultivator followed by one planking; (b) unpuddled transplanted rice fb zero-till wheat (UPTR-ZTW): two times ploughing with cultivator followed by planking, after that water is submerged for transplanting and wet tillage was avoided. 21 days old rice seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 20 x 15 cm. Wheat crop was sown under ZT using zero tillage machines; (c) zero-till direct-seeded rice fb zero-till wheat (ZTDSR-ZTW): direct-seeding of rice was done using zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill in ZT-flat plots at 20 cm row spacing. Wheat crop was sown in zero tillage using zero till machine. Rice variety (Rajendra Sweta) was sown directly by zero till in ZTDSR-ZT plots in the first fortnight of June. On the same date, rice Original Research Article Sahu et al.; CJAST37(6): 1-8, 2019; Article no.CJAST.52048 2 seedlings for transplanting were raised in nursery by ‘Wet bed method’. Experiment was conducted in a split plot design which is replicated by thrice. Grain/panicle or spike, panicle or ear length and effective tillers/m 2 recorded more in residue retention treatment and it was registered significantly superior with residue removal treatment under crop residue management in rice and wheat crop during both the years of experiment. Amongst crop establishment method, ZTDSR-ZTW was recorded more Grain/panicle or spike, panicle or ear length and effective tillers/m and it was significantly superior with UPTR-ZTW and PTR-CTW treatments under crop establishment methods in rice and wheat crop during both the years of experiment. Residues retention (33%) significantly improved the grain yield of both the component crops. For rice crop, 8.2–10.0% higher grain yield was realized with retention of crop residues. Grain and straw yield of rice were registered more in ZTDSR-ZTW (3.86-3.99 t/ha) & (5.56-5.75 t/ha) closely followed by UPTR-ZTW (4.38-4.45 t/ha). Concerning the data of residue management on economics revealed that the residue retention was recorded more gross return, net return as well as B: C ratio followed by residue removal treatment in both years of experimentation for rice and wheat crop and ZTDSR-ZTW was recorded more gross return, net return as well as B: C ratio followed by UPTR-ZTW and PTR-CTW treatments under crop establishment methods in rice and wheat crop during both the years of experiment.
Sciencedomain International
Journals
2019 EN
Gautam Tanay Sahu · Simarjit Kaur · Gurvinder Singh
Crop rotation is one of the major agricultural practices in sustainable farming. A proper crop rotation can increase nutrient uptake and improve soil health along with the decrease in pest and weed infection. In Punjab, usually wheat rice cropping system is followed by the farmers. The present study was conducted in five selected villages of Mohali district (Punjab). A sample of 40 farmers was randomly selected from each selected village on the basis of probability proportional to number of farmers in each land holding category. In this way, total 200 hundred farmers were selected for the present study. From this study it was found that 71.50 per cent of the farmers were belonged to middle age group and an equal percentage (i.e. 43.50%) of the farmers had matric level and higher secondary & above education. From total 44.50 per cent of the farmers had more than 5 acres of land holding whereas 37.50 per cent had 2.6 to 5 acres. Study also revealed that 46 per cent of the farmers had low knowledge level about crop rotation whereas 15.50 per cent and 38.50 per cent had moderate and high knowledge level. From different ten aspects, maximum farmers had good knowledge about the effect of crop rotation on annual income and fertilizer input while they had lowest knowledge about recommended crops for crop rotation. Lack of remunerative MSP policy & proper marketing system for alternative crops and high labour cost was the major constraints reported by the farmers. Original Research Article Sahu et al.; CJAST, 38(1): 1-6, 2019; Article no.CJAST.52025 2
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Journals
2019 EN
Pravin Kumar Sahu · Suryakant Chakradhari · Khageshwar Singh Patel
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Aims: Species of the family Lamiaceae possess a rich tradition of use for flavoring and medicinal purposes. This paper focusses on the nutritional and thermal characteristics of the seeds from eight species belonging to this family: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm., Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br., Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum sanctum L. (Rama Tulsi), Ocimum Case Study Sahu et al.; EJMP, 28(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.EJMP.49979 2 tenuiflorum L. (Krishna Tulsi), Origanum vulgare L. and Tectona grandis L.f. Methodology: The oil, starch, total polyphenol, flavonoid and mineral contents for aforementioned seeds were determined. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to assess the phytoconstituents. Thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed to analyze the decomposition patterns. Results: The concentrations of oil, starch, total polyphenol, flavonoids and minerals for the seeds from the eight plants under study ranged from 11.8 to 50.4%, from 0.22 to 1.84%, from 295 to 5842 mg/kg, from 1660 to 12680 mg/kg and from 11756 to 33927 mg/kg, respectively. Unsaturated oils, polyphenols and lignin were recognized by vibrational spectroscopy. The sequence of thermal effects in the seed pyrolysis process above 100°C have been put in relation to seed protein crystallization (endotherm at 200°C), oxidation reactions and degradation of hemicellulose and other fiber components (at around 300°C), and decomposition of polyunsaturated (at 357°C) and mono-unsaturated (at 391°C) triglycerides. Conclusion: Lamiaceae seeds are potential food alternatives to cereals.
Sciencedomain International
Journals
2019 EN
Pravin Kumar Sahu · Suryakant Chakradhari · Manas Kanti Deb
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Aims: The objective of the present work is the investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of seed coats and kernels from 24 species with medicinal and food applications. Methodology: Seeds from 24 species (2 herbs, 11 vines and 11 trees), belonging to 13 families, were sampled in Raipur (India) in 2017. The collected seeds were dried and weighed, after which seed coats were manually peeled and separately weighed. Phenolic and mineral contents in the seed coats and kernels were analyzed by spectrophotometric and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques, respectively. Original Research Article Sahu et al.; EJMP, 28(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.EJMP.49922 2 Results: The seed coat fraction represented from 12% to 95% of the seed mass, depending on the species. The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids and minerals in the seed coats varied from 1800 to 32300 mg/kg, from 1200 to 26900 mg/kg, and from 5876 to 36499 mg/kg, respectively. In the seed kernels, TPh, Fla and minerals ranged from 780 to 31760 mg/kg, from 300 to 12020 mg/kg, and from 12595 to 40810 mg/kg, respectively. P, S, K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found to be the main macroand micro-elements. Seed coats from Loganiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Lauraceae and Rutaceae families featured the highest total polyphenol contents, and those from Lauraceae and Rutaceae families showed the highest flavonoid concentrations. The highest total mineral contents corresponded to seed coats from Lauraceae, Rutaceae and Euphorbiaceae families. Conclusion: Indian-laurel and curry tree stand out as promising phytochemical and nutrient
Sciencedomain International
Journals
2019 EN
Yaman Kumar Sahu · Khageshwar Singh Patel · Pablo MartínRamos
+1 more
Aims: Common weeds Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Euphorbia rothiana Spreng. and Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye are used for food, medicinal, green biofertilizer and biosorbent applications. In this work, their polyphenol and mineral contents have been characterized.
Methodology: Samples from aforementioned three plants were manually collected in Raipur city (CG, India) and processed for the analyses. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride were used for the spectrophotometric determination of polyphenols. The mineral contents were quantified by X-ray fluorescence.
Results: The total concentration of 20 elements (viz. P, S, Cl, As, Se, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo and Pb), total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the leaves ranged from 46372 to 71501, from 47877 to 73791 and from 1950 to 9400 mg/kg, respectively. Remarkable concentrations of several nutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca and Fe) were observed.
Conclusion: The biomass from medicinal weeds R. palustris, E. rothiana and S. articulata featured very high K, Ca and Fe contents. Other nutrients (polyphenols, flavonoids, P, S, Cl and Mg) were identified at moderate levels. These species may hold promise as bioindicators.
Sciencedomain International
Journals
2019 EN
Rahul Dahare · Bhupendra Sahu · Tankesh Kumar
The present study was undertaken to study the evaluate the effect of processing of Chhattisgarh local paddy variety to flaked rice (Poha) on proximate, functional and chemical characteristics. In the proximate analysis, change in crude fat content from paddy 3.20% to 0.96% for thick and 1.00% for thin flaked rice. The change in Crude fiber content from paddy to flaked rice was found to be 2.00% to 1.85% for thick and 1.79 for thin flaked rice. Similarly, change in crude protein content from paddy to flaked rice was found to be 4.23% to 4.04% for thick and 3.76 for thin flaked rice and change in ash content from paddy to flaked rice was found to be 1.00% to 1.35% for thick and 1.24% for thin flaked rice. Chemical properties, show that amylose content from paddy to flaked rice 19.27% to 18.19% for thick and 18.26% for thin flaked rice. Similarly, change in starch content from paddy to Original Research Article Dahare et al.; IRJPAC, 19(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.IRJPAC.49868 2 flaked rice 74.15% to 73.89% for thick and 73.47% for thin flaked rice. Functional properties, show that Water absorbing index (WAI) from paddy to flaked rice 2.19 g/g to 5.18 g/g for thick and 5.05 g/g for thin flaked rice. Similarly, water solubility index (WSI) from paddy to flaked rice 3.25% to 4.86 for thick and 5.09% for thin flaked rice.
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