Collaborative Psychosocial Capacity Building in Northern Uganda

Armed conflicts affect an increasing number of children and families worldwide. War-torn communities often require external resources to address the overwhelming psychosocial needs during and after such violence. This article provides information about a psychosocial training-of-trainers (TOT) program designed by a team of United States and Ugandan practitioners to enhance the knowledge and skills of local community members providing psychosocial support. The conceptual framework of collaboration was used to analyze the work of the TOT facilitators and participants, and identify implications for continued efforts. Discussions among facilitators and between facilitators and participants were essential to developing shared goals, exchanging knowledge and skills, and integrating Western concepts of psychosocial healing with non-Western approaches to individual and community healing.

The Upcoming 90th Anniversary of the Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine

In 2010, the Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (TJEM) will mark its 90 anniversary of the founding. As a witness of this memorable transition, I, as Editor-in-Chief, am pleased to summarize the past and present of TJEM. The scientific impacts and the future of TJEM will be discussed in a forthcoming issue in 2010, the year of the 90 anniversary. In 1920, TJEM was founded as an international journal, with passion of the three founding Editors, Professors Toshihiko Fujita, Toyoziro Kato, and Yasutaro Satake, Tohoku Imperial University, Faculty of Medicine, located in Sendai, Japan. The objectives of TJEM were to publish original research papers that make novel and important contributions to the understanding of Medicine and Physiology and to provide the information worldwide from Japan. Therefore, each article of TJEM was written in one of three languages, German, English, and French, but not in Japanese. Yet, the founding editors also provided the Japanese translation of TJEM (Tohoku Jikken Igaku) in the cover of the first issue (Fig. 1). Perhaps, the journal title of TJEM was named after the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of Experimental Medicine, both of which were the best models for the founding Editors in the beginning of the 20 century. Indeed, “Tohoku” means the east (To)-north (Hoku) region of the main island of Japan, where Sendai is located (Fig. 2); the geographic position of the Tohoku region is reminiscent of the location of New England in USA. It is also noteworthy that the founding Editors wanted to sell TJEM via a book and trading company, Maruzen, as shown in the bottom of the cover (Fig. 1). The pioneering strategy of the founding Editors has contributed to the worldwide distribution of TJEM; accordingly, readers may find the TJEM issues in a nearby library. TJEM is one of the oldest and the most prestigious periodicals in Japan and the world. During the early phase of the TJEM development, there were two crises that interfered with its publication: Great Kanto Earthquake and the World War II. On September 1st 1923, Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed the city of Tokyo, including a print company that produced the TJEM issues. Under such difficult situations, however, the founding Editors were able to publish TJEM in 1924 (some issues of Volumes 4 and 5), thanks to the fantastic collaboration between the Tohoku Imperial University and the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; namely, the TJEM issues of 1924 were printed in Philadelphia by courtesy of the Wistar Institute. Accordingly, since its foundation in 1920, TJEM has been published continuously, except for the year of 1946 just after the World War II. Because the center of Sendai city was destroyed on July 1

Freeing up digital content with text mining: new research means new licences

The method by which users have traditionally exploited digital resources such as Early English Books Online (EEBO) has been via keyword search. However, researchers are increasingly finding new ways to exploit entire corpora of digitized resources, treating the resource as a single entity to be analysed, rather than searching or sifting through the resource for individual parts. This article looks at the work of one research team at the University of Lancaster, exploring how they are using a corpus of seventeenth-century newsbooks to leverage open new areas of research. Using tools borrowed from linguistics and geography, the researchers can analyse the place names mentioned in the newsbooks and see which linguistic concepts (e.g. war, money) were associated with which geographical areas. Such work has implications not only for future research but also for the resource managers to negotiate and manage the licences related to such resources

Fresh Leaves: Practicing Environmental Criticism

Ecocide is more of a threat than nuclear war. —Lawrence Buell It is worth noting that [environmental destruction] is not the work of ignorant people. Rather, it is largely the result of work by people with BAs, BSs, LLBs, MBAs, and PhDs. —David Orr I cannot identify what sparked my environmental awareness. The romantic in me invokes childhood with an ardently outdoor maternal grandfather, who taught me to distinguish a beech tree from a birch, to plant potatoes, and to welcome the tree frogs' spring chorus with awe and delight. More likely, the recognition arrived not from childhood pleasures or reading Henry David Thoreau but from something as quotidian and cumulative as exhaustion from years of commuting from New Hampshire to Boston for work as an adjunct, sucking exhaust fumes on Route 128.

Introduction: Perpetual War

“Is Your Journey Really Necessary?”: Going Nowhere in Late Modernist London

This essay discusses civilian relations to space in the Second World War, focusing on late modernist fiction about wartime London. In novels by Elizabeth Bowen, Henry Green, Patrick Hamilton, and James Hanley, the modernist city has ceased to be the site of expansive, cosmopolitan opportunity it was for writers of the 1920s: permitting civilian death on a massive scale, the city is newly imagined as an anteroom to a brutal common death. Enforced immobility and coerced collectivity find expression in a recursive, subjectivist form that mimics the claustrophobic entrapments these novels describe. A pervasive sense that the mere existence of other people jeopardized one's own points to the limits of familiar stories about civilian solidarity in wartime.

The Structuring Enemy and Archival War

In the wake of the collapse of the cold war bipolar world order, Jacques Derrida wrote: Losing the enemy would simply be the loss of the political itself. … The invention of the enemy is where the urgency and the anguish are: this invention is what would have to be brought off, in sum to repoliticize, to put an end to depoliticization. Where the principal enemy, the “structuring” enemy, seems nowhere to be found, where it ceases it to be identifiable and thus reliable—that is, where the same phobia projects a mobile multiplicity of potential interchangeable metonymic enemies, in secret alliance with one another: conjuration. ( Politics 84)

War Poems from 1914

In October 1912 the first issue of Harriet Monroe's new journal, Poetry: A magazine of verse , appeared. The last has yet to come. In an era when little magazines came and went like mayflies, Poetry came and has refused to go. The journal had it all—in its early years it was at the forefront of debates about imagism, vers libre, and other issues concerning the “proper” form and content for poetry. Monroe, its editor, is still insufficiently appreciated as a major figure in literary modernism. We hope to change that. Supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Modernist Journals Project (MJP) has completed a digital edition of the first eleven years of this distinguished journal, using original copies provided by the University of Chicago Library, supplemented in some instances by copies from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the University of Tulsa's McFarlin Library. Those of us working on this edition have discovered many interesting things, including the first publication of Joyce Kilmer's “Trees,” which Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren later used as the primary example of bad poetry in their New Critical textbook, Understanding Poetry (274–78).

Abstract

s 1 2 4 . 5 ] [ © 2009 by the modern language association of america ] 1945 1515 Mary Louise Pratt, Harm’s Way: Language and the Contemporary Arts of War How does language operate as an instrument of warfare? Leaving behind the idea of violence as beyond words, this essay seeks out terms for a reflection on linguistic violence and the weaponization of language in warfare. Using theories of war and examples from current United States engagements in Afghanistan and Iraq, the essay examines language as an essential element of violent action and as military weaponry under such rubrics as psychological operations, interrogation, morale building, force multiplication, and cultural awareness. The essay reflects on the semantic work of making warfare and violence meaningful to those who sacrifice for them and on the language predicaments that states of war create and cannot solve. (MLP) 1532 Fredric Jameson, War and Representation The problems of the representation of warfare are approached from two directions: on the one hand, the formal oppositions between the act and the scene; on the other, that between the individual or existential and the totality or collective. The texts examined include Grimmelshausen, Döblin’s Wallenstein, Tolstoy, and Alexander Kluge. (FJ) 1548 Mary A. Favret, Still Winter Falls This essay follows closely a long tradition of poets writing about war as winter, emphasizing its most dangerous characteristics: an impersonal force that can bring indiscriminate annihilation, freezing numbness or insensibility, and blank illegibility. These poems tell of modern total war avant la lettre and its capacity to destroy what we can feel or know of its work. Focusing primarily on eighteenthcentury British poets (Pope, Thomson, Cowper, and Wordsworth) but turning as well to Homer and our contemporary poets, the essay considers the particular threats of war to poetic creation and the difficult, often desperate means by which poets resist those threats. Perhaps most ominous in these figurations are representations of war as still, inactive, and somehow outside the logic of historical eventfulness. Thus the poets meditate as well on the very possibility of historical narrative amid the violence of war. (MAF) 1562 Aaron McLean Winter, The Laughing Doves of 1812 and the Satiric Endowment of Antiwar Rhetoric in the United States Antiwar activists in the United States have often made recourse to satire in order to rebut claims that their dissent is sententious and effeminate. Federalist opponents of the War of 1812 used the genre to posit, moreover, that they alone could manage the military and economic crisis that resulted from a disastrous second war against Great Britain. But satire, in an era of incipient nationalism, was problematically associated with British snobbery. I argue that wartime periodicals show Federalist satire pulling in diverging directions. Projects like Alexander Hanson’s Federal Republican are regressive, reviving the Augustan archetype of the satirist as intellectual martyr, even as they unwittingly lay the groundwork for a liberal model of civil disobedience. Projects like George and Henry Helmbold’s Tickler are progressive, phrasing Federalist principles in the postFederalist vocabulary of liberal competition through their experiments with populist dialect, which also anticipate the postwar transformation of British American “satire” into allAmerican “humor.” (AMcLW) 1582 Benjamin Friedlander, Emily Dickinson and the Battle of Ball’s Bluff Emily Dickinson’s response to the Civil War—once discounted as nonexistent or negligible, now embraced as part of the canon of Civil War writing—gives evidence of a conscious testing of alternatives. Among these alternatives, the most surprising, perhaps, is her potentially public positioning of herself as a war poet in works that celebrate military heroism. One such celebration, “When I was small, a Woman died—,” written in the aftermath of Ball’s Bluff— a disastrous Union loss—revises the scenarios presented in two other Ball’s Bluff poems and transforms the horrific death of a local soldier into a glorious ascent into the heavens, an uncharacteristically joyous response to an event that others (including Herman Melville) experienced as entirely mournful. Since the two other poems appeared in her local newspapers and since the soldier was Amherst’s first casualty, Dickinson’s poem is likely a carefully crafted bid for publication. Read in this way, moreover, “When I was small” reminds us that war presents a poet with unique rhetorical problems but also with opportunities, and that these opportunities can be tempting even for a writer as resistant to the literary marketplace as Dickinson. (BF) 1600 Marina MacKay, “Is Your Journey Really Necessary?”: Going Nowhere in Late Modernist London This essay discusses civilian relations to space in the Second World War, focusing on late modernist fiction about wartime London. In novels by Elizabeth Bowen, Henry Green, Patrick Hamilton, and James Hanley, the modernist city has ceased to be the site of expansive, cosmopolitan opportunity it was for writers of the 1920s: permitting civilian death on a massive scale, the city is newly imagined as an anteroom to a brutal common death. Enforced immobility and coerced collectivity find expression in a recursive, subjectivist form that mimics the claustrophobic entrapments these novels describe. A pervasive sense that the mere existence of other people jeopardized one’s own points to the limits of familiar stories about civilian solidarity in wartime. (MM) 1614 Charlotte Eubanks, The Mirror of Memory: Constructions of Hell in the Ma ru kis’ Nuclear Murals How does art cultivate moral reflexivity? Maruki Iri and Maruki Toshi, eyewit1946 Abstracts [ P M L A

Five Strategies for Accelerating the War on Cancer in an Era of Budget Deficits

In recent years, the National Institutes of Health's largest institute, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), has adapted to difficult economic conditions by leveraging its robust infrastructure—which includes risk factor surveillance and population monitoring, research centers (focused on basic, translation, clinical, and behavioral sciences), clinical trials and health care research networks, and rigorously validated statistical models—to maximize the impact of scientific progress on the public health. To continue advancement and realize the opportunity of significant, population‐level changes in cancer mortality, the NCI recommends that five national‐level actions be taken: (1) significantly increase enrollment of Medicare patients into cancer clinical trials through adequate physician reimbursement, (2) increase NCI/Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services collaboration on clinical trials research to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, (3) establish a national outcomes research demonstration project to test strategies for measuring and improving health care quality and provide an evidence base for public policy, (4) leverage existing tobacco‐control collaborations and possible new authorities at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to realize the outstanding health gains possible from a reduction in tobacco use, and (5) increase colorectal cancer screening rates though intensified collaboration between federal agencies working to address barriers to access and use of screening. These cost‐effective strategies provide the opportunity for extraordinary results in an era of budget deficits. Of the chronic diseases, cancer has the strongest national research infrastructure that can be leveraged to produce rapid results to inform budget prioritization and public policy, as well as mobilize new projects to answer critical public health questions.