Este artigo analisa os apelos aos ensinamentos tucididianos feitos por George C. Marshall, em 1947, e por Laurie Johnson, em inícios da década de 1990. O primeiro, a partir das demandas do establishment americano frente às vicissitudes da Guerra Fria, e o segundo reclamando a necessidade de retomar os ensinamentos do saber histórico tucidideano para o melhorentendimento das realidades políticas do mundo contemporâneo. Procura-se demonstrar como as formulações discursivas da academia norte-americana atualizam seus ideários em correspondência com os momentos históricos de ideologia política e com os paradigmas de conhecimento histórico que a eles (cor)respondem.
In market-basket analysis, weighted association rule (WAR) discovery can mine the rules that include more beneficial information by reflecting item importance for special products. In the point-of-sale database, each transaction is composed of items with similar properties, and item weights are pre-defined and fixed by a factor such as the profit. However, when items are divided into more than one group and the item importance must be measured independently for each group, traditional weighted association rule discovery cannot be used. To solve this problem, we propose a new weighted association rule mining methodology. The items should be first divided into subgroups according to their properties, and the item importance, i.e. item weight, is defined or calculated only with the items included in the subgroup. Then, transaction weight is measured by appropriately summing the item weights from each subgroup, and the weighted support is computed as the fraction of the transaction weights that contains the candidate items relative to the weight of all transactions. As an example, our proposed methodology is applied to assess the vulnerability to threats of computer systems that provide networked services. Our algorithm provides both quantitative risk-level values and qualitative risk rules for the security assessment of networked computer systems using WAR discovery. Also, it can be widely used for new applications with many data sets in which the data items are distinctly separated.
Este artigo pretendeu refletir sobre a instrumentalidade do poder militar para a política externa brasileira no pós-Guerra Fria. Definiu-se a moldura teórica de interpretação do relacionamento entre unidades soberanas. Discutiram-se as peculiaridades do complexo de segurança da América do Sul e o papel do Brasil na sua conformação. Analisaram-se os entraves à condução virtuosa da política de defesa e as dificuldades de articulação entre esta e a política externa. Sugeriram-se iniciativas visando ao aprimoramento da interface entre as políticas externa e de defesa. This article intended to investigate the instrumentality of military power for Brazil's foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. A theoretical framework for the interpretation of sovereign unities' relationship was delimitated. South America's security complex and Brazil's role in its conformation were discussed. Problems related to Brazil's defense policy and the difficulties concerning its proper articulation with foreign policy were analyzed. Finally, initiatives were suggested that could contribute to the improvement of Brazil's foreign and defense policies' interface
century, cancer killed more people than died in World War II. This year, it is expected that there will be 12 million new cancer cases diagnosed and close to 8 million will die of cancer. This year it is expected that 1.4 million people will die from lung cancer with 866 000 from stomach cancer, 653 000 from liver cancer, 677 000 from colon cancer and over half a million, 548 000 deaths will be due to breast can-cer. Today, a new breast cancer case in diagnosed in the world approximately every 25 seconds. It is estimated that by the year 2030, 12 million people will die each year if we do not act today and improve cancer control. At the same time our knowledge about cancer has never been greater. These statistics are a call for action. International collaboration across all sectors is needed to improve cancer control and reverse the trend. Cancer arises from a change in one single cell and that change may be started by external agents and in-herited genetic factors. Today, it is known that tobacco is the single most important external agent causing cancer.