M.R. Shura Bura began studying the problems of computational mathematics as early as the war years, cooperating with the department of external ballistics of the Artillery Academy named after F. E. Dzerzhin skii. Since 1947 M. R. Shura Bura started to work at the department of approximate computations of the V. A. Steklov Mathematical Institute of the AS USSR. In 1948 this department was transferred to the Insti tute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineer ing of the AS USSR. In 1952 he defended a doctoral dissertation The Questions of Solving Mathematical Problems Involving a Large Number of Operations.
Summary pointsMilitary conflict has always driven innovation and technical advances in medicine and surgery. Accepted concepts of trauma resuscitation and surgery have been challenged in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and novel approaches have been developed to address the current complexity and severity of military trauma.1 A number of these new strategies have evolved into a single seamless approach that extends from the point of wounding to surgery, and on to critical care. Although the precise contribution of medical care is difficult to ascertain, better trauma management has almost certainly contributed to a remarkable reduction in the lethality of war wounds. Only 10% of United States servicemen wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2003 and 2009 died, compared with 24% in the first Gulf War (1990-1991) and Vietnam War (1961-1973).w1 Initially derived from clinical experience, new concepts in caring for the injured have been refined with experiment and study and have been translated back to the battlefield in a dynamic process.2 Many of these advances are also relevant to trauma care in civilian practice. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of a new approach …
A relatively new type of panel data analysis is becoming more and more topical in the applied econometrics literature as auction mechanisms are being explored in more depth. The typical data utilized in such studies involves repeated measures of auction outcomes, where the variable of interest involves order statistics from the sample of bids from many bids on completed auctions for a particular commodity. This article presents structural estimates of bidding behavior in eBay computer monitor auctions. We exploit characteristics of such repeated measures to analyze the efficiency of private value auctions for a relatively homogeneous good, computer monitors sold on eBay. We discuss how outcomes of the auction mechanism can be analyzed and their equilibrium outcomes assessed and evaluate the consumer surplus that is generated from such auctions. Particular attention is given to the collection of the eBay data from data recovery protocols that monitor in real time and in relative detail, characteristics of a particular auction with heterogeneity controls for different types of monitors and for different reputation effects of the auctioneer. Among other findings, our results point to a rejection of the use of Jump Bidding (Avery, 1998) or "Snipe or War" bidding (Roth and Ockenfels, 2002). We also find that longer auctions only have a small effect on price and experienced auctioneers respond to this incentive. © 2009 World Scientific Publishing Company
I was born in 1940, the son of a furniture craftsman in a local city, Nagoya, in Japan. My father wanted to change his job and was taking a correspondence course to become an electrical engineer, while he was a trainee furniture craftsman. However, he told me that he could not really understand sine and cosine, since he had not received a basic education. Eventually, though he did manage a small furniture factory employing a few craftsmen and worked there himself. But this came to nothing because of World War II, that reckless and miserable war which our country caused. After the war, he displayed in front of his house the door hinges, wood screws and other pieces of furniture which remained at hand. They sold quite well. Getting a taste for selling, he became a merchant dealing with sugar as an ingredient for cakes. He still wanted to boast of his knowledge of electricity, but he could not find anyone suitable to explain it to. One day though he found a good target, his son. In those poor days after the war, almost all the houses were without bathrooms and so people went to the public bath. On his way to and from the public bath, he boasted of his knowledge: Why do three-phase current motors rotate? Why don’t the solar and lunar eclipses occur every month? He explained proudly that it was because of the revolution planes of the earth around the sun, and of the moon around the earth, which are tilted at an angle of 5 degrees. This was the reason why I was a strange pupil at school. I had a poor record but could answer the teacher’s questions when he digressed and spoke about subjects outside of the textbooks. My parents neither observed their children carefully nor helped with their study. One day, my mother realised that she had never seen her son studying at home. So she told my teacher at a parents association meeting. “Please give my son homework at least occasionally. Otherwise, he never studies at home.” My teacher answered, “Your son has never done his homework despite the fact that I give him homework every day!”