Journals
2025 EN
Alqahtani Yahya S. · Muddapur Uday M. · Kamat Keerti
+8 more
ABSTRACT This study demonstrates the sustainable synthesis, characterization, and application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) using papaya peel extract as a green reducing agent. Analytical techniques, including UV‐Visible (UV‐Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive x‐ray (SEM–EDX), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD), confirmed the successful formation of spherical/agglomerated ZnO‐NPs with an average size of 21.88 nm and high purity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, supporting the green synthesis approach. The ZnO‐NPs exhibited notable antibacterial and antifungal activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and Candida albicans . Additionally, ZnO‐NPs showed promising anticancer activity against triple‐negative breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) cells, with cell viability decreasing in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC 50 of 67.99 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of papaya peel‐derived ZnO‐NPs for biomedical and biotechnological applications, offering an eco‐friendly alternative to conventional synthesis methods.
Journals
2025 EN
Sahyon Heba A. · Shoair Abdel Ghany F. · Essam Mohamed
+8 more
ABSTRACT Malva parviflora (MP), a readily available wild plant, exhibits inherent antioxidants and hepatoprotective properties. Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) can reduce phytochemicals to the nanoscale, aiding their entry into cell membranes. This study explores the efficacy of MP leaf extract and its chitosan nano‐formulation (MP@ChNPs) as a cost‐effective supplement to reduce Pb‐induced liver toxicity in mice. MP@ChNPs revealed a particle size of 460 nm and a zeta potential of 18.0 mV, indicating good stability and distribution. In vitro tests revealed the superiority of MP@ChNPs in antioxidant activities over MP extract. The Pb‐intoxicated mice were orally treated with MP‐extract and MP@ChNPs for three weeks. Pb‐intoxicated mice exhibited marked hepatic damage, elevated liver enzymes, and oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde; decreased SOD and catalase), as well as dysregulation of cell death pathways (increased apoptosis and autophagy). MP@ChNPs treatment was more effective in restoring antioxidant enzyme expression, reducing oxidative damage, suppressing apoptosis (upregulating Bcl‐2), and modulating autophagy (downregulating Beclin‐1) compared to MP extract. Histological analysis confirmed the superior hepatoprotective efficacy of MP@ChNPs, preserving near‐normal liver architecture. These findings suggest that a low‐dose nano‐formulation of MP holds significant promise as an inexpensive strategy to mitigate Pb‐induced hepatotoxicity, particularly benefiting resource‐limited communities in polluted areas.
Journals
2025 EN
Mosbah Hanan K. · Aly Aref A. M. · Zidan Amna S. A.
+3 more
Abstract The reaction of 1‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐3‐phenylthiourea ( L ) and copper(II) chloride dihydrate resulted in production of the complex [CuL 2 Cl] which contains monovalent copper. The complex was isolated in the monoclinic crystal system (space group = C 1 2/c 1) and its coordination geometry is trigonal planar composed of one chlorine and two sulfur atoms. The complex (150 µg/mL) provided significant inhibitory activity (40.5 mm) against the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum and led to complete inhibition of F. oxysporum ‐induced pathogenicity to wheat seeds. Percentages of wheat germination, evidence of phytotoxicity levels, were investigated: [CuL 2 Cl] (150 µg/mL) offered percent germination of 67%, but the ligand was less toxic offering percentage of germination of 77%. Reduction in shoot lengths (control = 41 mm) and root lengths (control = 54.3 mm) of germinated wheat seeds influenced by our compounds was cleared. At 150 µg/mL, 1‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐3‐phenylthiourea, copper(II) chloride dehydrate, and [CuL 2 Cl] offered shoot lengths of 26.3, 9.6, and 29.3 mm and root lengths of 34.7, 0, and 26.6 mm, respectively.
Journals
2025 EN
Majeed Shahnaz · Harjar Nusyazana Binti · Danish Mohammed
+7 more
ABSTRACT In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNP) were synthesised using the aqueous extract of Averrhoa bilimbi . The color change shows the formation of GNP following the addition of gold chloride. A subsequent color shift occurs after the addition of l ‐arginine, confirming the conjugation of the gold nanoparticles (cGNP). UV detected the peak of cGNP and GNP at 525 and 560 nm, respectively. Although energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis revealed the presence of gold, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the spherical shape. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the cGNP is spherical in shape, with a size range of 19–79 nm. Zeta potential results confirm that the nanoparticles are stable. The cGNP showed moderate toxicity toward normal HEK‐293 cells and good toxicity against neuroglioblastoma SH‐Sy5Y cancer cells, with an IC 50 of 50.42 µg/mL. cGNP generated ROS with DCF expression of 83.31%, demonstrating effective apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. The JC1 staining method confirmed significant damage to the mitochondrial membrane. The comet and DAPI experiment showed cGNP increases genotoxicity. Additionally, apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry to be associated with the overexpression of caspase 3 and 8, as well as the downregulation of Bcl‐2. By using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, cGNP showed potent anti‐angiogenesis properties.
Journals
2025 EN
Ük Nida · Ürküt Nil · Coşkun İbrahim Yağız
+3 more
Abstract In this study, nitrogen‐ and boron‐doped carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized via a microwave‐assisted method and evaluated for metal ion sensing and ATP detection. The work investigated how surface and core states influence photophysical behavior and selective quenching. FTIR confirmed distinct carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl surface functionalities for each CD variant. Spectroscopic analysis revealed excitation‐dependent emissions, linking specific radiative transitions to functional groups and core states. Notably, Cu 2 ⁺ quenched 80% of fluorescence primarily at shorter excitation wavelengths (300 nm), indicating strong surface‐state interactions, while Ag⁺ induced 65% quenching at longer wavelengths (450 nm) through core‐state interactions. Boron‐doped CDs displayed at least a 20‐fold fluorescence enhancement upon exposure to Mg 2 ⁺, Zn 2 ⁺, and Cd 2 ⁺ at 300 nm, attributed to surface passivation. In ATP sensing assays, the CDs’ high sensitivity to Cu 2 ⁺ and ATP's affinity for copper ions enabled detection via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that tuning excitation wavelength modulates sensor selectivity, showing doped CDs as cost‐effective, eco‐friendly platforms for wavelength‐specific ion and biomolecule detection. The combined quenching and enhancement behaviors emphasize the critical role of surface and core state engineering in achieving wavelength‐specific responses. This study provides a foundation for developing low‐cost, environmentally friendly sensors based on doped CDs with tunable selectivity.
Journals
2025 EN
Roumaissa Labza · Cherif Hamida Saida · Derbak Larbi
+6 more
Abstract Different anatomical components of Hypericum perforatum ( H. perforatum ) have been utilized by humans for generations as a natural remedy with pharmacological attributes. This work aimed to investigate the secondary metabolite potential of H. perforatum from algeria using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS to determine its phytochemical profile. LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis revealed 22 components, with isoquercitrin being the most abundant bioactive compound at a concentration of 4162 µg/g. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also quantified, with TPC equal 171.54 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g and TFC equal 144.26 ± 14.3 mg QE/g. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated using in vitro assays, showing strong activity with an ABTS IC 50 of 0.173 mg/mL. The antiproliferative potential of the methanolic extract was assessed by the MTT assay on CAPAN‐1, DLD‐1, and the healthy L929 cell line. The extract exhibited significant antiproliferative effects on CAPAN‐1 and DLD‐1 cells, with IC 50 values of 0.807 ± 0.06 mg/mL and 0.953 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed on L929 cells. Furthermore, SwissADME was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and drug‐likeness of the main compounds. These findings enhance the understanding of H. perforatum and may support its prospective applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Journals
2025 EN
TUNA Sibel · ŞEN İbrahim
Abstract Polymeric composites have become important in materials engineering thanks to their advanced properties and potential for versatile applications. In this study, the effects of reinforcing polypropylene (PP), a widely used thermoplastic with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a natural additive, and graphene (Gr), a nanoadditive on its performance were investigated. While CMC offers advantages such as lightness and biodegradability, the goal of Gr is to achieve high mechanical and thermal performance in the composite. Using maleic anhydride as a compatibilizing agent improves the compatibility between the fillers and the matrix. Physical, structural, thermal, mechanical and morphological characterization of the injection‐moulded composite structures revealed slight increases in density and hardness values, as well as enhanced crystallization behavior, thermal stability, and degree of crystallinity. The tensile and flexural properties generally improved with increasing filler content and microstructural analysis confirmed the good distribution and high interaction of the fillers in the matrix. Overall, hybrid structures incorporating CMC/Gr fillers in a PP matrix were identified as a promising alternative for multifunctional and sustainable engineering applications.
Journals
2025 EN
Daoudi Walid · karrouchi Khalid · Alqarni Mohammed
+7 more
Abstract In this study, we resynthesized a derivative of the imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine ring: 7‐methyl‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐3‐carbaldehyde IPAO. The reaction is based on a relatively simple procedure, and the compound is obtained in crystalline form with a yield of 86%. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms the structure of the IPAO compound, crystallizing in the orthorhombic system with space group Pbcn. Crystallographic studies have established the presence of a molecular organization based on C─H—π and π—π interactions. These results were corroborated by a Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing the importance of van der Waals interactions in crystallization. Theoretically, we evaluated the potential activity of this compound through molecular docking studies targeting a breast cancer protein (PDB ID: 1JNX), lung cancer (PDB ID: 4ZXT), and liver cancer (PDB ID: 2JW2) among the proteins that were the subject of molecular docking calculations. The results of the molecular docking study show that the IPAO compound had an anchor score of −4.17 against the breast cancer protein, an anchor score of −4.16 against the liver cancer protein, and finally an anchor score of −5.84 against the lung cancer protein. Finally, ADME/T calculations are used to study the effects and reactions of various drugs on human metabolism.
Journals
2025 EN
Aly Aref A.M. · Mosbah Hanan K. · Zidan Amna S. A.
+3 more
Abstract A square planar platinum(II) complex [PtL 2 ] was prepared from 1‐phenyl‐3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)thiourea ( HL ) and potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II), and X‐ray crystallography revealed its orthorhombic packing. Rhizopus stolonifer is a phytopathogen that infects many types of fruits and vegetables. Against Rhizopus stolonifer , this complex exerted a low IC 50 of 36.8 µg/mL, indicating strong antifungal potency (nystatin provided a value of 68.4 µg/mL). The complex demonstrated its ability to defend against Rhizopus stolonifer by providing enhanced fungal dry mass, sugar consumption, soluble proteins, and total antioxidants compared to the standard; specifically, [PtL 2 ] and nystatin at 100 µg/mL resulted in dry masses of 0.55 ± 0.05 and 1.42 ± 0.07 g/L, sugar consumptions of 25.4 ± 0.37% and 49.7 ± 0.04%, and soluble proteins of 9.34 ± 0.03 and 7.35 ± 0.04 mg/g fungal weight. The total antioxidants provided by nystatin and [PtL 2 ] at 100 µg/mL are 6.95 ± 0.019 and 9.49 ± 0.047 mg/g protein, respectively, while [PtL 2 ] at 80 µg/mL offered total antioxidants of 10.05 ± 0.039 mg/g protein.
Journals
2025 EN
Shehabeldeen Taher A. · ElMehasseb Ibrahim M. · Mostafa Yasser S.
+1 more
ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to emphasize the significance of enhancing the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys by engineering their surfaces with a nanocoating layer, specifically through the design of a chromium oxide/cerium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 /CeO 2 ) nanocomposite (NCP). The separation method was employed to fabricate the CeO 2 /Cr 2 O 3 NCP coating, followed by a calcination step. The CeO 2 /Cr 2 O 3 nanocoating layer was developed through a thermal treatment at 600 °C to produce an anticorrosion coating suitable for various applications, including automotive and marine structures. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanocoating were characterized using x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Electrochemical performance and surface morphology under seawater conditions were evaluated using a potentiostat system and FE‐SEM. Furthermore, corrosion tests were performed on the coated Al‐alloy in seawater, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) was utilized to monitor surface changes on the alloy resulting from the corrosion process. The results confirm the high effectiveness of the CeO 2 /Cr 2 O 3 nanocoating in providing corrosion protection under seawater conditions. Consequently, the CeO 2 /Cr 2 O 3 nanocoating can be considered a promising candidate for use as an anticorrosion layer in applications that demand durable and corrosion‐resistant materials, particularly in harsh environments such as automotive and marine structures.