Aims: To determine the impact of Pb on seed germination and early seedling development in A. auriculiformis species. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Department of Biology, University Putra Malaysia, between April 2016 and February 2017. Methodology: The concentrations of lead from 0 to 4 g/L (interval of 0.5 g/L) were used. Seeds were germinated in vitro condition. Different parameters were measured including germination percentage, seedling vigour index, tolerance index, germination index, mean germination time and relative injury rate. Results: The noticeable finding of this study reveals that A. auriculiformis seeds have the ability to Original Research Article Zerkout et al.; ARRB, 28(1): 1-12, 2018; Article no.ARRB.43393 2 germination and resist Pb toxicity up to 1.5 g/L. Increasing Pb concentration from 1.5 to 3.5 g/L decreased the germination percentage from 57% to 4% respectively. Conclusion: Acacia auriculiformis seeds germination in a high level of Pb (up to 1.5 g/L) indicated species resistance which probably can be used as Pb hyperaccumulator agent in areas or sites contaminated with this metal.
Due to the huge amount of computer data stored in databases, one centralized database cannot support and provide good performance and availability when contains huge data which used by large number of users. Thus, the distributed database is a good technique to overcome this problem by fragmenting the database and allocating the right database fragmentation in the right site. Many researches present static optimized algorithms of distributed database fragmentation, allocation and replication (Horizontal/ Vertical) at the initial stage of the distributed database design using different or similar techniques, which affect the performance of database system. Therefore, this study aims at reviewing and comparing the best-presented algorithms from the design perspective, with the aim of identifying the strength and weakness points of each algorithm. Furthermore, this study could be considered as the first study that attempts to identify the most critical criteria that were used for comparing the optimized algorithms that have been proposed and used in distributed database fragmentation and allocation.
Aims: The great challenge is how to create and secure natural component derived from natural elements that can be used as mineral fertilizer sources and have a superior "residual effect" compared with the chemical fertilizers in agricultural systems. Also, to attain high productivity with lower costs relative to chemical (control) treatment, to upgrade and maintain the soil productivity and to improve the nutrient reserve in soil. Methods: The production of the natural mineral soil fertilizer is fundamentally depending on the special mixture. It includes phosphate, feldspars, dolomite, gypsum, sulphur and ores of manganese, copper and iron, pyrite, sphalerite, magnetite and rare earth elements bearing minerals, as well as some clay minerals and other micronutrients. The experiment was done at clayloamy soil on two treatments; 1chemical fertilizer (Control), and 2integrated farmyard nutrient Original Research Article El-Metwally et al.; CJAST, 29(1): 1-11, 2018; Article no.CJAST.43215 2 (FYN) with Natural Minerals Compound (NMC) for growing wheat crop. Measurements was done on two steps during two seasons of wheat cultivation Results: The growth parameters after ten weeks of sowing show greater results under treatment with the integrated farmyard manure and Natural Mineral Compound related to the control one. The growth parameters include: plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf and total leaves area, crown diameter, stem diameter, internode length and root (length and width). At harvest time, the results indicate an increase of 32% of wheat grain yield compared to the control treatment. Conclusion: The integrated NMC and FYN are more economically attractive; they have reasonable price and can reduce the costs of wheat production by 25% compared to the control treatment. This application will give safe products for users, increase benefits (e.g. higher productivity, lower production cost) and reduce the impacts on the environment.
Herein a background correction method has been utilized for the estimation of ascorbic acid in baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit pulp using direct UV spectrophotometry. The background correction based on catalytic oxidation of the acid by copper (II). EDTA was used to correct the absorption due to copper (II). The absorbance and remained essentially constant at 267 nm at pH range from 6 to 8, with highest absorption at pH 6. The calibration graph was linear up to 20 μg ml -1 of ascorbic acid, correlation coefficient (r = 0.9998) and the molar absorptivity was 1.52 × 10 4 l mol cm. The mean value of ascorbic acid was 237 ± 18 mg/100 g using the proposed method and 250 ± 15 mg/100 g using indophenol official method. The statistical analysis of data revealed no Original Research Article Erwa et al.; CSIJ, 23(2): 1-6, 2018; Article no.CSIJ.41080 2 significant difference in precision of the two methods and there is no evidence that the two sets of results are significantly different at 95% confidence interval. The proposed method is selective, accurate and acceptable for determination of ascorbic acid in baobab fruit pulp.
Aims: This study was conducted to detect the presence of oxytetracycline residues in table eggs in Khartoum State and to compare its level with the international acceptable maximum residue limits (MRLs). Study Design: One hundred and eighty table egg samples were randomly collected from 18 sale points in the three localities of Khartoum State, Sudan, (60 eggs from Omdurman, 60 eggs from Khartoum and 60 eggs from Khartoum North). Place and Duration of Study: Samples collected from Khartoum State during August and September, 2015. Methodology: Microbiological inhibition assay was used to screen the presence of antibiotic residues using Bacillus subtilis seeded in nutrient agar. Ninety positive egg samples from the microbiological inhibition assay were analyzed to detect the presence and quantity of oxytetracycline residues using HPLC. Results: Microbiological inhibition assay showed that 50% of the tested samples were positive for antibiotic residues in Omdurman, Khartoum and Khartoum North with 34(18.9%), 28(15.6%), and 28(15.6%) of the antibiotics respectively. HPLC results showed that 63(70%) were positive for oxytetracycline residues 19(10.5%) from Omdurman, 21(11.6%) from Khartoum and 23(12.7%) from Khartoum North. Original Research Article Hind et al.; EJNFS, 8(4): 148-154, 2018; Article no.EJNFS.2018.024 149 Conclusion: It was concluded that high percentage of table eggs contained oxytetracycline residues above the MRLs (0.2 ppm) that indicated the widespread misuse of oxytetracycline in poultry farms that may cause health hazards to consumers in Khartoum State. Therefore the study recommends compliance of drug withdrawal periods in poultry farms could reduce the incidence of antibiotic residues in consumed eggs.