Due to easy access and friendly approach, community pharmacies, are the first place patients visit to obtain consultation or treatment for their common ailments. It is a global trend that millions of people visit community pharmacies to meet their health care needs [1]. However, some general practitioners have been dismissive of the role of pharmacists and do not see them as part of the health care team [1]. Community pharmacists have a crucial role to play in terms of optimising medication use and improving patient outcomes. Patient counseling is one of the most vital services provided by them which can reduce medication misuse and further decrease the therapy costs [1,2]. Patient counseling is a major component of the pharmaceutical care processes, especially in community pharmacy settings. Pharmacists need to offer appropriate, comprehensible and relevant information to patients about their medications. Counseling not only improves patient compliance, but also reduces complications due to nonadherence to treatment [3].
Atropa belladonna L is most important commercial source of pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids. Initiation of callus culture on MS solid media with different concentrations of growth regulators as BA and 2,4 D from different explants shows that 2,4-D only at 1.0mg/L and 2.0mg/l gave the highest callus formation score after 21 days. The highest concentration of atropine (376.62 μg/g DW) and scopolamine (103.16 μg/g DW) were obtained from leaf callus on MS medium supplemented with 2,4 D at 0.5 mg/L after 28 days. The effect of elicitors and precursor feeding on tropane alkaloids production in callus culture were examined. Accumulation of both alkaloids; atropine and scopolamine in callus were enhanced after 8 days with jasmonic acid at concentrations (50 μM), after 15 days with yeast extract at concentrations (0.5 g/L) and after 21days with ornithine at 1mM in comparison with control callus. Salicylic acid inhibits callus growth and accumulation of atropine and scopolamine in treated callus.