Journals
2018 EN
Noor Haty Nor Azam · Nur Elimtiaz Abidin · Gladys Sebi Entigar
+7 more
To achieve job satisfaction among employees is the focal point of most organizations. It is because the issue of employee’s job satisfaction has been long debated due to its subjectivity. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the relationship between transformational leadership style and employees’ job satisfaction at Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor. The respondents were collected from 97 respondents using questionnaire survey. The respondents will be selected using probability stratified sampling technique and was analyzed using correlation analysis. The results indicate that transformational leadership style is significant to predict employees’ job satisfaction.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Marwan Ibrahim Alfadhli · Norfadzilah Rashid · Madam Noryati Yaakub
The objective of this study was to find out the effect of internal audit and its quality on sales in the economic institutions, because the auditing works to show the actual result of the institution. The research was based on the statistical analysis program (SPSS) and descriptive analysis. The researchers used the arithmetic mean the standard deviation to describe the questionnaire items and Pearson correlation coefficient between variables. The study found that there is a strong relationship between the internal audit and the quality of internal audit, and sales in economic institutions, and that the staff of the audit department are characterized by integrity and honesty. The internal audit has a prominent role in the decision-making by the beneficiaries, and the presence of a special section of the audit of sales in the institution checks the invoices with the goods out, and monitors the sales by an independent person. The researcher recommended that the opinions of the auditors should be according to the accepted accounting principles. The courses should be done in dealing with the computer in completing the transactions. He recommended that the sales operations should be analyzed periodically to avoid fraud in the invoices.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Y. Yusnita · Yahaya Ibrahim · Zainudin Awang
In Malaysia, environmental issues such as water contamination, air pollution, waste disposal, climate change, global warming and deforestation have been occurring since a long time ago and these environmental issues are some of the most critical issues which have struck countries all over the world. All industries related to the environment have been and will continue to be affected if these issues are not eradicated as soon as possible. The hospitality industry is one of the industries that has directly affected the environment through its daily operations. In the hospitality industry, it is extremely important to minimize negative experiences gone through by the customer, since word of mouth usually spreads more quickly if it is related to a negative issue compared to that of a positive issue. Meta-analysis studies related to the hotel industry that have been conducted by previous researchers show that the studies related to green efforts, comprising a hotel's environmental record and environmentally friendly practices, have gradually increased year by year, but even then, the number is still less than other fields. This shows that the awareness among the community and researchers towards environmental preservation is increasing. However, due to the lack of studies exploring this environmental issue, this study was conducted to investigate the perception of customers on green practices and a green image in the non-green hotels in Malaysia. 11 participants were selected as respondents for a focus group discussion and three respondents were chosen for in-depth interviews. The results from the discussion shows that there are several needs and desires of the customer’s when the stay at a hotel and the results can be used as a guide for the hotel managements to improve and enhance their existing practices and also take into account the requirements of the customer.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Aimi Nadia Ibrahim Zakaria · Nur Ain Mahat · Mardhiah Kamaruddin
+2 more
This research explore the effectiveness of promotion strategy influencing buying behaviour on consumer of Menara Optometry with the purpose to identify the correlation between the promotion activities issue and buying behaviour in franchising business model. It is suggested that advertising, sales promotion, social media, and corporate social responsibility are the independent variables that influence buying behaviour. By conducting descriptive study, questionnaires were distributed to 200 respondents. An interview with the outlet owner been conducted to gather the information. At the end of the study, we found that corporate social responsibility, social media, advertising such flyer and banner and sales promotion have relationship between consumer buying behaviour on Menara Optometry optical product. Introduction It is insufficient for an organization offers item at alluring cost without convey it to customer. To generate sales and profit, they used promotion mix to communicate with consumers. Promotion is the key components of the marketing mix, it involved a two way communications or a deal that take place with the consumer. It is additionally the immediate way an organization tries to reach its target International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 758 market. Promotion is the common approach to raise customer attention to an item or brand, generate sale, and create brand loyalty. Promotion is the purpose to create a purchasing power by strengthening the communication between consumer and the product offered (Abukawa, Lopes and Reis (1996). According to Walnut , Lazzarini, (2011), the information that been translate will assist consumer to make decision due to the possibility of supporting an existing need. Sauaia; Silva, (2008) has portray limited time instruments have the objective to make extra volume and minimize the expense of offers. As indicated by Czinkota and Ronkainen, (2004), there are five types of promotion mix, which is advertising, sales promotion, public relation, and personal selling. Majority of manufacturer or retailers use promotion to attract the consumer. Company will utilize distinctive sorts of promotional tools and promotional strategies to enable them to better understand the consumer fondness and improve their sales. A consumer’s buying behavior is leverage by cultural, community, individual and psychological factors. Majority of the components are wild and beyond the hands of marketers yet they need to consider while attempting comprehending the unpredictable behavior of the consumers. According to Engel et al. (1986,5) consumer behavior as those individuals will consume directly involved in purchasing, using and disposing of economic goods and services, including the decision process that precede and determine these actions. Menara Optometry franchise store TTDI Shah Alam owned by Pn Mariaton Binti Rosman, started the business since 2013 till now. The company was registered under name RDS MAJU SDN BHD, with a franchise fee RM 250 000. They currently has 2 female specialists whom provides eyes care services for all ages, professions and interest, thus ensuring the well being of its customers in their daily activities. To ensure Menara Optometry remain competitive, each outlet is extremely equipped with the most recent optometry equipment operated by qualified optometrist registered with the Malaysian Optical Council. Menara Optometry Sdn Bhd formed franchise scheme since 2008. They offer the opportunity for optometrist to join their franchise program. Menara Optometry conducts marketing activities on conventional marketing. They distribute flyers, banner and word of mouth activities. In franchise system, franchisee will follow franchisor activity. However, in Menara Optometry, there several franchise outlets perform promotion activities different with franchise system example TTDI Jaya outlet, Menara Optometry Andalas, Klang, Menara Optometry Wangsa Melawati, and Menara Optometry Prima Saujana. They utilize social media, advertising such as flyer and banner, sales promotion for example in store promotion and corporate social responsibility activities to promote their product. Overview of Franchising in Malaysia Franchising began in the 1850's when Isaac Singer designs the sewing machine. With a specific end goal to appropriate his machines outside of his geological range, furthermore give preparing to clients, Singer started offering licenses to business visionaries in diverse parts of the nation. Ray Kroc in year 1955, assumed control over a little chain of nourishment establishments and incorporated it with today best fast food restaurant chain establishment on the planet, now known as McDonald's. McDonald's as of now has the most establishment units worldwide of any establishment framework. Franchisor has the total control of the franchisee business, in order to ensure entrepreneur operates the business in accordance. There is typically a much higher probability of progress when an individual opens a franchise compare to traditional family business, since a demonstrated business International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 759 plan and guide is given to the entrepreneur. Their products, services, and business operations are already established. There are advantage of operating franchise business, some of these advantage are: i. Company image The company image and brand consciousness of the organization is as of now settled. Consumers are constantly more open to buying things from a natural name or organization they trusted. ii. Training The franchisor will give the full training to the franchisee. iii. Time management – Franchisee can focus on the business operating, since the franchise company has guide them with the actions plan Franchising began in Malaysia in the 1930s with the presentation of the introduction of the product distribution franchises establishments such the Singer Sewing Machines, petrol kiosk, for example, Shell and Esso and automobiles via the Wearne Brothers. A & W was the first fast food franchise that came to Malaysia in the 1960s, KFC in 1973 and McDonalds in 1982. In 1992 the Honorable Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, decided that franchise was to be given special encouragement to create and prosper in Malaysia. According to Malaysian Franchise Association (MFA), Malaysia’s franchise industry is expected to contribute RM 25.6 billion to the nation's economy in 2015 as it has contribute 2.5% of RM 2.4 billion to the country economy in 2013 (Bernama, 2016). There were 726 franchises business that has been registered from different sectors while 58 Malaysian franchise brands had ventured in abroad to 53 countries operating 1922 outlets. As practiced in other franchise business model, the advertising and promotion strategies activities for Menara Optometry are mainly the responsibilities of the franchisor. This is to ensure uniformity of corporate image and no conflicting information being disseminated to the potential consumers or the public at large. The franchisor of Menara Optometry prefers to use the conventional promotional tool as shown in table 2. Their rationale is that these mediums are sufficient to create awareness and interest of potential customers to choose Menara Optometry over other optometry houses. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 760 Table 1: Franchisor Marketing Activities Table 2: Franchisee Marketing Activities Research Methodology Data Collection The researcher had interview franchisees in order to obtain information on the issue of interest. Basically, a structured interview had been conducted when the researcher known what kind of information needed. The question normally related or relevant to the problem addressed. The second data collection method, questionnaires, was one of the efficient data collection mechanisms when the researcher knows exactly what was required and how to measure the variables of interest. Here, the researcher had used personally administered questionnaires where to approach consumers directly. The researcher decided to collect data from the consumers Menara Optometry, approximately 200 individuals, and analyze the data. These questionnaires were distributed to three areas which are TTDI Jaya franchise outlet, Menara Optometry Wangsa Melawati, and Menara Optometry Mydin Subang Jaya. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 8, August 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 761 Findings Correlation Analysis Table 3: Pearson correlation analysis Correlation Coefficient
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Abdul Ghaffar · Ridwan Ibrahim · Syukriy Abdullah
This study was aimed to identify (1) the influence of religiosity on unethical behavior of State Civil Apparatus (Indonesian: Aparatur Sipil Negara, abbreviated as ASN) (2) the influence of work experience on unethical behavior of ASN (3) the influence of organizational culture on unethical behavior of ASN (4) the influence of Internal Control System (Indonesian: Sistem Pengendalian Internal, abbreviated as SPI) on unethical behavior of ASN. The sample of the study was the ASN of Aceh Working Units (Indonesian: Satuan Kerja Perangkat Aceh, abbreviated as SKPA) in Province Aceh and 2018 is the time horizon for the study. The number of samples were 103 people. The purposive sampling method was utilized as the data collection technique by using multiple linear regression analysis. The study indicated that (1) religiosity, work experience, organizational culture, and SPI did not significantly influence the unethical behavior of the ASN in implementing the official expenditure budget both simultaneously and partially (2) three out of four independent variables (namely; Religiosity, Work Experience, and SPI) showed the negative result of unethical behavior of the ASN while the Organizational Culture variable headed to its counterpart.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
İbrahim Bozkurt · Rıfat Karakuş
This paper analyses the impact of parasocial breakup (PB) on the industrial production performance in Turkey. We employ 139 Turkish TV series finales, broadcasted between 2005 and 2015, as a negative mood proxy. We use the regression analysis with Newey-West standard errors to obtain a more efficient parameter and provide alternative mood proxy dummies and other macroeconomic variables to examine the robustness of the effect of PB on industrial production. The analysis presents robust evidence that the negative mood decreases the workers’ productivity and performance and so industrial production. We also find that the effect of PB on production depends on the types of TV series and the channels they are broadcasted on.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Musmuliadi Kamaruding · Rosni Abdul Rani Ibrahim · Intan Syahidah Zulkafa
+1 more
The Muslim contractors who involve in the management of construction project should base their work on the Islamic-based management. Any activity that involves Muslims does not become reasonable if they are managed in a non-Islamic manner. In other words, Muslims should practice the management carried out by Prophet Muhammad SAW which is based on the Qur'an and hadith. However, there is still no Islamic-based management of construction project guide discussed in detail. Therefore, in this regard, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the concepts of Islamicbased management of construction project using the document study method and qualitative content analysis method. The result of this study explains the concept of Islamic-based management of construction project is moulded from Islamic tasawur by making Tawhid paradigm as the foundation; emphasizing the principle of the servant and caliph of Allah SWT in the organization; aiming only for the mardhatillah (pleasure of Allah SWT) alone. In conclusion, it is hoped that this study will be a guide for all Muslim contractors in managing their construction projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 9, Sept. 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 707
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Nabila Huda Ibrahim · Tuan Nooriani Tuan Ismail · Mahadir Ladisma Awis
The ability of employees to become creative and innovate is significant in gaining competitive advantages. Many studies have highlighted the significant and the need for employee creativity and innovation for organisational survival. In Malaysia, the need for creativity and innovation has been highlighted in the national Vision 2020 and “Transformasi Nasional (National Transformation) 50”. The human capitals are expected to be creative and innovative as part of a continual process of becoming a developed nation. As the demands of employee creativity and innovation remain high, this study is intended to examine the level of employee creativity and innovation. This study had involved 142 respondents from the selected GLCs in Kuala Terengganu by using quantitative approach. The measure of central tendency was used to determine the level. This study revealed that the level of employee creativity and innovation is high. This indicated that a lot of efforts have been invested to achieve employee creativity and innovation. This has added new knowledge of creativity and innovation in Malaysia. Every organisation should focus to develop employee creativity and innovation.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Nik Noorhazila Nik Mud · Aimi Nadia Ibrahim Zakaria · Nur Ain Mahat
+1 more
Environmentally friendly or also referred to an eco-friendly is one of the strategies used by many retail industries in order to produce goods or services that not harmful to the earth or environment. The study is aimed to identify which factors (material, price, colour and knowledge) significant to influence the awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product among Generation X in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Descriptive survey design was adopted and convenience sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 384 respondents among generation X between the ages of 37 to 56 years old. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed on a 5 point Likert Scale was distributed to generation X in Kota Bharu. The result revealed that material, price, colour and knowledge have positive relationship towards consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging products. This study shows that all the factors have significant influence awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product among Generation X in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Introduction Nowadays, the green product has become a major trend in green marketing product in our business world but this trend is still new in Asian countries especially for Malaysia (Albert Lasuin & Yuen Ching, 2014). Therefore, to be revealed as the concept of ‘’Green Marketing’’ , the factors that affected it is International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 9, Sept. 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 1465 mostly giving harm to the environment such global warming, threatening the future of human being, the growth of population and exhaustion of natural resources (Yakup & Sevil, 2011). Noor and Muhammad (2012) stated the power of purchasing by Asian countries and the rapid growth of the awareness of environmental has become the primary target market by the international marketers. Besides that, due to the issues of increasing on awareness of environmental, the practice and behaviour of consumers has been changed as well as in the marketplace and industry in production (Barber, Kuo, Bishop, & Goodman, 2012). According to UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the population in Malaysia is increasing from 1951 to 2017. An increasing in this population then will lead to demand for all consumer goods will also increase and may increase the quantity of waste that makes in residential, educational institutions, hospitals, hotels and everywhere else (Fatima, n.d.). Each year more than 140 million tons plastics are manufactured throughout the world. In many countries, plastics are disposed of through open burning and landfilling. Open burning and landfilling releases chemical pollutants into the air and land. It causes chemical pollutants spread globally and possible cause various health problems (Kumar et al., 2014) .Therefore, this study will be conducted to determine factors that influence the awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. So that the solution that has been made from this study can be an important role in avoiding the destructive effects and factors for the environment. Research Objective To identify which factors influence consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging products among Generation X in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Research Question The research question posed for this study is: What are the factors influence consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging products among Generation X in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Hypothesis One null hypothesis is formulated for this study at 0.05 level of significance. Hypothesis 1: Product packing material and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H0: There is no significant relationship between material of product packaging and consumer consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H1: There is a significant relationship between material of product packaging and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 9, Sept. 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 1466 Hypothesis 2: Price and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H0: There is no significant relationship between price and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H1: There is a significant relationship between price and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. Hypothesis 3: Colour and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H0: There is no significant relationship between colour and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H1: There is a significant relationship between colour and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. Hypothesis 4: Knowledge about eco-friendly and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H0: There is no significant relationship between knowledge about eco-friendly and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. H1: There is a significant relationship between knowledge about eco-friendly and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. Based on literature review, a proposed conceptual framework in figure 1 formed in order to identify the relationship between the factors that influence consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging products among Generation X in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The independent variables for this study were product packaging material, price, colour and knowledge about eco-friendly. All these variables will be studied as the independent variables. The dependent variable is consumer awareness using eco-friendly packaging product. Research Methodology Descriptive survey design was adopted and convenience sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 384 respondents among generation X between the ages of 37 to 56 years old. The population of the study was made up of all population in Kota Bharu, totaling 371,400. A five-item structured questionnaire was developed to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables in this study. Thereafter it was tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha method and a coefficient of 0.94 was obtained and was considered high and taken to be reliable. Data were gathered through the use of structured questionnaire specifically designed to elicit information needed for the study and were analysed using frequency tables, t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The hypothesis was tested using independent t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 9, Sept. 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 1467 Results and Discussion of Findings The results of the data analysis was presented in tables according to the research question and hypothesis. Results of the Pearson Correlation Analysis Table 1 . Correlations between Material of Product Packaging and Consumer Awareness Consumer Awareness Materials Consumer Awareness Pearson correlation 1 0.74** Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 Materials Pearson correlation 0.74** 1 Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.001 level (2-tailed) Table 2 . Correlations between Price of Product Packaging and Consumer Awareness Consumer Awareness Price Consumer Awareness Pearson correlation 1 0.81** Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 Price Pearson correlation 0.81** 1 Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.001 level (2-tailed) Table 3 . Correlations between Colour of Product Packaging and Consumer Awareness Consumer Awareness Colour Consumer Awareness Pearson correlation 1 0.73** Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 Colour Pearson correlation 0.73** 1 Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.001 level (2-tailed) International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 8 , No. 9, Sept. 2018, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2018 HRMARS 1468 Table 4 . Correlations Knowledge of Product Packaging and Consumer Awareness Consumer Awareness Knowledge Consumer Awareness Pearson correlation 1 0.66** Sig . (2-tailed) .000 N 384 384 Knowledge Pearson correlation 0.66** 1 Sig . (2-tailed) 0.00 N 384 384 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.001 level (2-tailed) Hypothesis Testing Table 1 shown the correlation between the independent variables and dependent variable. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between material of product packaging and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. (p<0.001, r = 0.74) indicating moderate to good correlation between the variables since p<0.001, the research has rejected the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. H1: There is a significant relationship between material of product packaging and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. Table 2 shown the correlation between the independent variables and dependent variable. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between price and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product (p<0.001, r = 0.81) indicating perfect correlation between the variables since p<0.001, the research has rejected the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. H1: There is a significant relationship between price and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. Table 3 shown the correlation between the independent variables and dependent variable. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between colour and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product (p<0.001, r = 0.73) indicating moderate to good correlation between the variables since p<0.001, the research has rejected the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. H1: There is a significant relationship between colour and consumer awareness of using eco-friendly packaging product. Table 4 shown the correlation between the independent variables and dependent
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
Journals
2018 EN
Mardhiah Kamaruddin · Raida Syahirah Ahmad Shukri · Nuur Arifah Azmi
+3 more
A study was conducted to identify the association between factors (interest, opportunity, social environment, and career flexibility) and students’ perception towards retailing as a career in Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. The purpose of this study to determine which factors that significant with the students’ perception towards retailing as career. Data were collected using questionnaires. 258 students from retailing course at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan were selected as respondents. Simple random sampling was applied to allow the researchers to collect the responses easily and quickly because of our population just in a small range. The study utilized descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression to analyze the data. From this research, the factors that significant were opportunity (p=<0.001, β=0.35), social environment (p<0.001, β=0.15), and career flexibility (p=0.001, β =0.29). Factors that associated with students’ perception towards retailing were opportunity, social environment, and career flexibility.
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society