Septoplasty/septorhinoplasty is a common ear, nose and throat procedure offered for those patients with deviated septum who are suffering from nasal obstruction and functional or cosmetic problems. Although it is a basic and simple procedure, it could lead to catastrophic complications including major skull base injuries which result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We describe two different cases of traumatic CSF leaks following septoplasty/septorhinoplasty at two different sites. The first patient suffered a CSF leak following septoplasty and presented to Alexandria University Hospital. The leak was still active at presentation and identified as coming from a defect in the roof of the sphenoid sinus and was repaired surgically. The second patient presented 4 days after her cosmetic septorhinoplasty with a CSF leak and significant pneumocephalus. She was managed conservatively. Understanding the anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses and implementing proper surgical techniques are crucial in preventing intracranial complications when performing either septoplasty or septorhinoplasty. A good quality computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a valuable investigation to avoid major complications especially CSF leaks following either procedure.
Various initiatives have been planned in an effort to improve the quality of education in each country to be consistent and relevant to the needs of globalization. In line with the success of this goal, principals as head of school are important people in spearheading change. To mobilize the implementation of education changes, principals need to practice instructional leadership that can have a positive impact, especially on the improvement of the quality of teaching and learning which is the mainstay of excellence in school. Recognizing this need, policymakers deeply emphasize the need for instructional leadership practices among school leaders to realize the major agenda of their respective countries' education. The role of instructional leadership is still influential and relevant in managing education changes in the 21st-century towards preserving the quality of education in the country. Principals can act as instructional leaders who prioritize teaching and learning in schools. In that regard, ongoing research and discussion to explore instructional leadership practices in schools is a necessity.
Human management is one dimension of knowledge that is very wide. The focus is to manage the components that are inherent in the human. In Islam, hisbah (accountability) is a branch of knowledge that was taught by the Prophet SAW for managing humankind. Hence, arises two questions. Are there specific studies on hisbah from a human management aspect? How far are these two dimensions of knowledge related to contemporary studies? Generally, this paper aimed to answer these questions by theoretically analysing contemporary studies on hisbah in human management. This study was implemented based on documented data, which was analysed using the content analysis method. The findings from this analysis summarized that contemporary studies on hisbah had indirectly touched on the whole dimension of human life, especially that involving human management.
The mastery of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) among art teachers in the field of visual arts appreciation is at stake. The aim of the study is to analyze the mastery of the art teachers on PCK in the field of visual art appreciation. The factors related to the teaching of art appreciation will be identified. This study adopted qualitative research approach. The method used to get the data are interviews and observations. A total of six art teachers will be involved as informants. They will be selected based on purposive sampling from several secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur.
Organization (UMNO) with a descriptive method, especially for the early stage in Sabah. UMNO was established in Mei 1946 as a coalition of 41 units of the Malays organisations to oppose Malayan Union policy in Malaya. Meanwhile, UMNO in Sabah was only officially established on February 21, 1991, following the dissolution of the United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) party. The application to establish UMNO in Sabah was made after Joseph Pairin Kitingan, President of Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) decided to withdraw his party from the Barisan Nasional (BN)/National Front coalition to join the Gagasan Rakyat (opposition party) just a few days before the 1990 General Election. Issues such as emotional factors, racism and parochialism had caused organizations such as the Malays Peninsula Scholars Congress and the Association of Teachers of Peninsular Sabah and the Federal Territory (PGSSWP) (Kongres Cendekiawan Melayu Semenanjung dan Persatuan Guru-Guru Semenanjung dan Wilayah Persekutuan) to urge the UMNO leaders to come to Sabah. On October 17, 1990, Ghaffar Baba announced that UMNO would immediately be expanded to Sabah. Consequently, February 21, 1991, the USNO President announced in final assembly that the USNO party should be dissolved and all those members should join UMNO. On April 12, 1991, Harris Salleh and the Secretary-General of BERJAYA party, Ibrahim Kalali also joined UMNO. In Sabah State Elections in February 1994, UMNO (BN) won 23 out of 48 seats. However, the tide turned when some MPs in PBS joined UMNO or the BN parties. Consequently, Pairin was forced to relinquish the Chief Minister post on March 13, 1994.
The primary goal of ontology development is to share and reuse domain knowledge among people or machines. This study focuses on the approach of extracting semantic relationships from unstructured textual documents related to medicinal herb from websites and proposes a lexical pattern technique to acquire semantic relationships such as synonym, hyponym, and part-of relation. The results seven types of concepts (entities), eight object properties (or semantic relations) and twenty lexico-syntactic patterns have been identified manually, including one from the Hearst hyponym rules. The lexical patterns have linked fifty one terms that have the potential as concepts. Based on this study, it is believed that determining the lexical pattern at an early stage is helpful in selecting relevant term from a wide collection of terms from the corpus. However, the relations and lexico-syntactic patterns or rules have to be verified by domain expert before employing the rules to the wider collection in an attempt to find more possible rules. This study shows that background knowledge about the domain is essential to develop the TBox ontology diagram that serve as backbone of the domain ontology. This diagram is essential as guideline in discovering lexico-syntactic patterns therefore expedite the knowledge extraction process.
This study focuses on the approach of identifying semantic relationships from unstructured textual documents related to river water pollution from websites and proposes a lexical pattern technique to acquire the instances. This study has identified 10 types of concepts (entities), 10 object properties (or semantic relations) and twenty lexico-syntactic patterns have been identified manually, including one from the Hearst hyponym rules. The lexical patterns have linked 45 terms that have the potential as instances. Based on this study, it is believed that determining the lexical pattern at an early stage is helpful in selecting relevant term from a wide collection of terms from the corpus. However, the relations and lexico-syntactic patterns or rules have to be verified by domain expert before employing the rules to the wider collection in an attempt to find more possible rules. This study shows that background knowledge about the domain is essential to develop the TBox ontology diagram that serve as backbone of the domain ontology. This diagram is essential as guideline in discovering lexico-syntactic patterns therefore expedite the knowledge extraction process.