Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and DNA Protective Capacity of Melissa officinalis Extracts

Anahtar kelimeler Antimikrobiyal aktivite; Antioksidan; Comet testi; DNA koruyucu etki; Melissa officinalis Özet Bu çalışmada, Melissa officinalis yaprak ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal, antioksidan kapasiteleri ve H2O2indüklenmiş oksidatif hasara karşı DNA koruyucu etkisi incelendi. Melissa officinalis yaprak ekstraktlarının oksidatif stresten DNA'yı koruyucu etkisi maya comet testi kullanılarak belirlendi. Comet testi Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 üzerinde uygulandı. Oksidatif strese karşı, ekstrenin İnkübasyon öncesi ve inkubasyon sırasında uygulanmasında doza bağlı olarak DNA hasarında azalma gözlendi. Sonuçlar; Melissa officinalis methanolik yaprak ekstraktlarının hidrojen peroksitin zararlı etkisine karşı DNA'yı koruduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca Melissa officinalis ekstraktlarının farklı mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki antimikrobiyal etkisi incelendi. Melissa officinalis ekstraktları tüm test mikroorganizmaları üzerinde antimikrobiyal etki göstermiştir.

Microstructure Analysis of Brake Pads with Bronze Matrix and Silverberry Seed Powder

Monitoring of Tectonics Movements of Gediz Fault with GNSS Observations

Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of Bioresorbable Scaffolds in Long Segment Coronary Lesions

There is limited knowledge about the use of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) in long segment coronary artery lesions. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of BRS-BRS and drug eluting stents (DESs)-BRS overlapping applications. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional, single-center study between 2013 and 2016 enrolled 97 patients and 100 lesions scheduled for BRS placement in long segment lesions (> 28 mm). BRS-BRS overlap was performed in 30 patients and 30 lesions, DES-BRS overlap was performed in 67 patients and 70 lesions. Acute procedural success and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (death, stent thrombosis, and target lesion reintervention) were assessed. Results: Acute procedural success was 97.1% in the overall group. MACE was observed in 6 patients (6.2%) in the entire group, 4 (5.9%) in the DES-BRS group, and 2 (6.6%) in the BRS-BRS group. Conclusion: BRS use might be a safe and effective option for the treatment of long segment lesions. Both BRS-BRS overlap and BRS-DES overlap may be performed with short overlap segment.

The Relationship Between HbA1c Level and Beck Depression Scale in Patients with Heart Failure with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Seroprevalence of Pertussis Toxin Antibody in Manisa Province of Turkey, After Six Years Implementation of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

Vaccination is the most effective way of preventing pertussis disease. Turkey commenced a routine infant immunization program using whole cell (wP) pertussis vaccine in 1968. Immunization accelerated in 1985 after participation of Turkey in the Expanded Programme on Immunization initiated by the World Health Organization. Acellular vaccine (aP) replaced wP in 2008 and a booster was added to age 6 in 2010. The immunization programme was successful in reducing the morbidity rate from 20.58 per 100.000 in 1970 to the lowest level of 0.01 per 100.000 in 2009. However, reduction of vaccine-induced protection and reduced natural boosting of circulating Bordetella pertussis are likely to increase the susceptibility of the population. As a result, morbidity rate increased from 0.09 per 100.000 to 0.41 per 100.000 in 2015 compared to the previous year. The aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the seroprevalence of pertussis toxin (PT) antibodies among healthy people and its association with various social determinants in Manisa province in Turkey, 6 years after aP replaced wP vaccine. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1250 people that was randomly selected from the over 2 years of age population in Manisa in 2014. Seroprevalence of PT antibody was determined as the dependent variable of the study. Independent variables of the study were; gender, age, migration in the last 5 years, occupational class, perceived income, house ownership, number of people per room, annually per capita equivalent income. The presence of anti-PT IgG was detected by quantitatively using a commercially available ELISA kit. The antibody levels were categorized into groups according to pertussis infection or vaccination immune response status. The groups consisted of undetectable (< 5 IU/ml), mid-range (5-< 62.5 IU/ml: more than one year previously), high (62.5-< 125: with in 12 months) and very high (≥ 125 IU/ml: with in 6 months) antibody levels. The test results with ≥ 5 IU/ml were defined as seropositive. Level > 100 IU/ml detected among adolescent and adult participants indicated acute or recently recovered pertussis infection. Chi-square test was used to evaluate association between social determinants and pertussis seropositivity. The seroprevalence of the whole study population was 58.1% (95% CI 55.32-60.79) and no association was found with any of the social determinants. The highest seroprevalence was found among 2-9 age group (68.3%) followed by 70-79 age group (63.5%). The lowest seroprevalence was found among 20-29 age group (50.9%) followed by 10-19 age group (51.6%). When seropositivity levels according to ages were compared, it was found that there was a decrease one year after the first vaccination at 2nd, 4th and 6th months and the booster at the 6th year, with a lowest rate (19%) in 11 year-old. The highest seropositivity (77.3%) with a level of >100 IU/ml (13.6%) were detected at age 15 among all adolescent and adult participants. Adding an adolescent booster to immunization schedule and recommendation of vaccine to elderly people should be considered to reduce the incidence of pertussis disease in Turkey.

Glia Hücrelerinin Antimona Dirençli Leishmania tropica ile Enfekte Edilmesi: Yeni Bir ex-vivo Modeli

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that shows different clinical features like cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral and viscerotropic forms. The protocols used in the treatment of leishmaniasis are toxic and have many limitations during administration. One of the limitations of treatment is the resistance against the protocols in practice. There is also a need to define new treatment options especially for resistant patients. Ex-vivo models using primary cell cultures may be a good source for evaluating new drug options in patients with antimony resistance, in addition to in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In this study, it was aimed to define a new ex-vivo culture model to evaluate treatment options in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis who did not respond to treatment. In our experimental model of ex-vivo infection, Leishmania tropica promastigotes isolated from a case previously diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis were used. The primary astroglial cell culture used for the ex-vivo model was prepared from 2-3 days old neonatal Sprague Dawley rat brains under sterile conditions by the modification McCarthy's method. The astroglia cells, which reached sufficient density, were infected with antimony resistant L.tropica promastigotes. After 24 hours of incubation, the supernatant on the cells were collected, the cell culture plate was dried at room temperature, then fixed with methyl alcohol and stained with Giemsa to search for L.tropica amastigotes. Amastigotes were intensely observed in glia cells in primary cell cultures infected with L.tropica promastigotes. No promastigotes were seen on Giemsa stained preparations of the precipitates prepared from the bottom sediment after the centrifugation of the liquid medium removed from the infected plates. In this study, promastigotes from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient unable to respond to pentavalent antimony therapy were shown to infect rat glia cells and converted to amastigote form. This amastigote glial cell model, as far as we know, is the first model in the literature produced by L.tropica. The occurrence of L.tropica amastigote forms in glia cells may be indicative of the ability of Leishmania species to infect the central nervous system. The central nervous system may be an area for the Leishmania amastigotes to escape from the immune system in cases of leishmaniasis without a treatment response. Our study is important because it is the first study to show the infection of glia cells with L.tropica amastigotes.

A catastrophic nightmare of the interventional cardiologist: Iatrogenic left main artery dissection and longitudinal stent deformation

Iatrogenic left main coronary artery dissection is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of invasive coronary procedures. The newer generation drug eluting stents have shown a greater safety and efficacy compared to first generation drug eluting stents. We report a 60-year-old woman with iatrogenic left main coronary artery dissection who failed bailout stenting and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The strategy for managing left main coronary artery dissection is variable and depends upon the mechanism, the comorbidities of the patient and degree of hemodynamic stability. Longitudinal stent deformation is a rarely encountered complication but can be seen in complex lesions such as ostial, bifurcation and left main coronary artery lesions. The interventionists must be aware of this complication.

Accuracy of an automated system for tuberculosis detection on chest radiographs in high-risk screening

Tuberculosis (TB) screening programmes can be optimised by reducing the number of chest radiographs (CXRs) requiring interpretation by human experts.

Tuberculosis infection and disease in people living with HIV in countries with low tuberculosis incidence

In countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence, TB is concentrated in vulnerable populations, including people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), who have a substantially greater risk of TB than people without HIV. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies evaluating the risk factors for latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) or active TB in PLHIV in countries with TB incidence 10 per 100 000 population. Due to the number of risk factors evaluated and heterogeneity in study designs, we present summary data and a narrative synthesis. We included 45 studies: 17 reported data on the risk factors for LTBI and 32 on active TB. Black, Asian or Hispanic ethnicity, birth or long-term residence in a country with high TB incidence, and HIV acquisition via injecting drug use (IDU) or heterosexual sex were strong predictors of both LTBI and active TB. History of contact, a greater degree of immunosuppression at diagnosis or higher viral load increased the TB risk. Early HIV diagnosis to allow timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy is essential for the prevention of TB in PLHIV. Screening and treating PLHIV for LTBI to reduce the risk of progression to active TB disease should also be considered to further reduce the burden of active TB in low TB incidence settings. Research to support the expansion of TB and HIV prevention and treatment globally is essential to eliminate TB in low-incidence settings.