Kaldor, Hicks and Goodwin Meet the Supermultiplier: On Growth Cycles and Autonomous Demand

ABSTRACT This paper presents an approach to reconciling short‐run business cycles with long‐run growth in macroeconomic models. It addresses recent criticisms of supermultiplier models by developing a framework that combines investment‐driven cycles with autonomous demand‐led growth in the long run. The model builds on endogenous business cycle theories, incorporating a nonlinear accelerator mechanism and a dynamic multiplier to generate persistent cycles. By extending this canonical model to include growing autonomous demand, the paper demonstrates how persistent cyclical fluctuations in the rate of capacity utilization can coexist with a long‐run growth trend in output determined by autonomous demand. This integration of short‐run dynamics and long‐run growth aims to bridge the gap between traditional business cycle theories and modern growth models, providing a unified trend‐cum‐cycle framework. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the role of autonomous components of aggregate demand in shaping economic outcomes and offers a framework for further research on the interplay between cyclical fluctuations and trend growth.

Genetic Improvement of Sweet Potato: Influence of Selection Method in Early Stages of the Programme

ABSTRACT Plant breeding programmes: every stage of the process is crucial for the ultimate success. Currently, for sweet potato cultivation, the primary selection methods used in the initial stage of the genetic improvement programme are based on selection indices, techniques that require significant labour and time. Given this, the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and compare different initial selection methods, namely, the traditional method using the selection rank index and a newly proposed methodology using visual analysis. The study comprised three experiments. The studies were conducted in an area belonging to the Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) on the Jaboticabal Campus, located in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The first involved selection of the initial population conducted in summer (August–December 2021), using a randomized complete block design with two replications, evaluating 512 treatments (510 genotypes and two cultivars). Subsequent experiments in summer (December 2021–April 2022) and winter (April–September) evaluated 30 genotypes selected in the first cycle and one cultivar (Beauregard) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Harvesting in the summer experiments occurred 120 days after planting, while in winter, it occurred at 150 days. Statistical analyses were performed on the data. The highest heritabilities were found for commercial root yield (PC) (0.69) and flesh colour (CP) (0.79). Regarding direct selection gain, the predicted gains were significant, ranging from −21.21% to 119.58%, indicating a favourable condition for selection. The estimated selection gains were higher than those achieved for PC alone. However, for general shape (FG), commercial pattern (PDC) and flesh colour (CP), the actual gains exceeded the estimated ones. The realized heritability was lower than the estimated one for commercial root yield (PC) but higher for general shape (FG), commercial pattern (PDC) and flesh colour (CP), except for commercial pattern (PDC) in winter cultivation using the index and flesh colour (CP) in summer cultivation using the visual method. In conclusion, the visual selection method is deemed viable for the initial stage of sweet potato genetic improvement.

Fine‐Grained Concreteness Effects on Word Processing and Representation Across Three Tasks: An ERP Study

ABSTRACT People process concrete words more quickly and accurately than abstract ones—the so‐called “concreteness effect.” This advantage also reflects differences in how the brain processes and stores concrete versus abstract words. In this electrophysiological study, we treated word concreteness as a continuous variable and examined its effects on ERPs across three tasks with distinct processing demands (semantic, affective, grammatical). Behavioral results revealed task‐dependent concreteness effects: in the semantic task, reaction times were faster for words at both concreteness extremes, and the classical linear advantage emerged for concrete words. Mass univariate ERP analyses revealed distinct spatiotemporal patterns of task‐dependent concreteness effects. In the semantic task, we identified three significant clusters reflecting increased parietal N2/P3‐like and sustained bilateral fronto‐temporal negativity ERPs and decreased central N400‐like ERP for abstract words. By contrast, the affective task elicited an increased parietal P600‐like ERP for abstract words. Moreover, results from multivariate representational similarity analysis and an intersection analysis revealed that concreteness is encoded in ERP spatiotemporal patterns from 450 ms onwards, regardless of task, suggesting its role not only as an organizational principle in semantic representation, but also as a factor influencing downstream word processing and univariate ERP concreteness effects. Our findings challenge and extend existing theories like the dual coding and context availability ones, highlighting the importance of treating concreteness as a continuous variable and considering task context in word processing studies. This approach, enabled by advanced analytical techniques, provides a more nuanced understanding of how the brain processes and represents words.

Green Investment and Productivity Dynamics

ABSTRACT This paper reviews existing definitions and measurement efforts to capture the extent of green technological investment, and it provides a measurable definition of green capital asset for a sample of 18 OECD countries from 2004 to 2020. A main goal of this paper is to assess the contribution of green technological capital to productivity growth also taking into account the effects of tightening environmental regulations. The econometric results suggest that: (1) an increase in green technological capital stock generates medium‐term productivity gains; (2) stricter environmental regulations boost, rather than hinder, productivity growth. Furthermore, the empirical findings corroborate previous evidence that more stringent nonmarket policies, such as emission limits, can stimulate innovation, thereby contributing to positive productivity returns. The paper provides also some policy insights highlighting the critical role of green technological investment in promoting sustainable growth while mitigating climate change.

Prosthetic upper jaw restoration with zygomatic and conventional implants in a patient with a giant cell lesion

Two case reports stereolithographic model’s role as a pre-surgical diagnostic and communication tool.

Partial reconstruction of the upper jaw with vascularized fibula graft and implants of a patient with cleft lip and palate using implants and cad/cam

Dos or Pretium?

Severity of Achilles Tendinopathy on Preoperative MRI and Short-term Functional Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy

Large clones of Clonal Hematopoiesis affect outcome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results from The FIL MCL0208 Clinical Trial