Journals
2026 EN
Choudhury Satyam · Mandal R. K. · Basu Joysurya
Abstract Moiré superlattice architecture by stacking two‐dimensional (2D) monolayers with a relative angle of twist keeps delivering emerging functionalities. Since the discovery of this novel lattice architecture, this concept has rapidly progressed in 2D van der Waals materials. Synthesis of freestanding single‐crystalline oxide membranes made it possible to extend this concept to predominantly ionic nano membranes. Our work demonstrates the observation of natural moiré superlattice formation in as‐synthesized bulk Ca 2 MnO 4 ( n = 1) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) member. Our investigation confirms the coexistence of tetragonal I4 1 /acd, orthorhombic Acam structural phases, and the 90° orientational variant of the orthorhombic phase along the [001] axis with a well‐defined orientation relationship. These coexisting variants are present in nano lamellae type morphology stacked along the [001] axis. Relative in‐plane rotation among these stacked nano lamellae by a fixed angle of approximately 2.9° leads to the formation of a moiré superlattice with chessboard‐type nanodomains contrast, each nanodomain is approximately 3.66 × 3.66 nm in size, sharing {220} type interfaces. The modulation wavelength of the moiré superlattice along the <110> type direction is approximately 7.32 nm. A decrease in bandgap value of Ca 2 MnO 4 by approximately 0.16 eV is observed.
Journals
2026 EN
Ghoshal Uday C. · Ramakrishna B. S. · Rathi Pravin M.
+12 more
ABSTRACT Background As dysregulated gut microbiota is known in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and probiotics may improve it, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB‐12 in non‐constipated IBS. Methods Two hundred non‐constipated IBS patients were randomized to the above‐mentioned probiotic and placebo for 84 days. The outcome measures included IBS–Global Improvement Scale (IBS‐GIS), IBS–Quality of Life (IBS‐QoL), EAR3Q, IBS–Severity Scoring System (IBS‐SSS), and patient‐reported improvement. Fecal microbiota was evaluated in a subset. Results Response in IBS‐GIS was higher with probiotics than with placebo at days 28 (19.3% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.048), 56, and 84. Total and abdominal pain, distension, and QoL scores of IBS‐SSS decreased at day 28 with probiotics that persisted till days 56 and 84. The percentage of patients with “severe” symptoms reduced from 20.8% at baseline to 3.9% at day 84, and the median IBS‐QoL score decreased significantly at day 28; the beneficial effect on QoL was sustained till days 56 and 84 ( p < 0.001). Improvement in abdominal pain, distension, urgency of defecation, bowel habit satisfaction, and stool frequency was noted earlier with probiotics than with placebo; 4.0% in the probiotic group and 0.9% in the placebo group had mild/moderate adverse events ( p = 0.167). Symptom recurrence occurred in 3.0% in the probiotic group and 3.9% in the placebo group during follow‐up of 180 days ( p = 0.718). No difference was observed in the fecal microbiota between the two groups, but healthy genera were enriched with probiotics. Conclusions The probiotic blend studied was more effective than placebo in non‐constipated IBS in adults.
Journals
2026 EN
Helmuth Timothy B. · Palsa Kondaiah · Sahu Aurosman Pappus
+5 more
ABSTRACT Iron release from hemoglobin breakdown following an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a key mediator in stroke‐induced cytotoxicity. We have previously demonstrated that mice carrying the H67D mutation in the homeostatic iron regulatory gene (HFE) experience marked neuroprotection following ICH. This improvement is likely due to an endogenous upregulation in the Nrf2 antioxidant system. Prior studies in H67D mice discovered decreased activity in GSK3β, a kinase that functions to break down Nrf2. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β has been shown to vastly improve outcomes in ICH animal models. However, it remains unclear whether this pathway is responsible for the enhanced antioxidant response in H67D animals. In this study, H67D and WT mice received daily injections of intraperitoneal SB216763, a selective inhibitor of GSK3β, 14 days prior to ICH. The functional motor recovery of each animal was assessed by rotarod and neurodegeneration was measured using Fluorojade‐B. Immunoblotting assessed the antioxidant response and GSK3β activity through Nrf2, GPX4, FTH1, and β‐Catenin. At 3 days post‐ICH, SB216763‐treated WT mice display enhanced functional recovery, decreased degenerated neurons, and increased brain levels of Nrf2 and GPX4 compared to WT‐Vehicle‐Controls. Further, SB216763 treatment in H67D mice did not result in any significant changes in measured outcomes compared to H67D‐Vehicle‐Controls. In conclusion, WT mice benefit from GSK3β inhibition following ICH whereas H67D animals do not. This suggests that the regulation of the antioxidant response may have reached its biological limit in H67D animals. Importantly, these data suggest that clinical trials aimed towards improving ICH outcomes, especially through GSK3β inhibition, must take into account HFE genotype as this mutation, present in nearly 20% of individuals worldwide, may alter ICH recovery regardless of therapy.
Journals
2026 EN
Marak Alayda N. · Behera Suvendu Kumar · Debbarma Jashima
+4 more
ABSTRACT Objective To confirm and characterize Thelazia callipaeda infection in a dog using morphological and molecular tools, analyze its phylogenetic relationship with isolates from other regions, and evaluate the clinical and therapeutic outcomes. Animals Studied An 8‐year‐old male mixed‐breed dog with a 2‐week history of unilateral mucopurulent discharge, epiphora, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulceration in the right eye. Procedures Ophthalmic examination revealed multiple thread‐like worms in the affected eye. Worms were preserved in 70% ethanol, and genomic DNA was extracted for molecular analysis. A 689 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1 ) gene was amplified via polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Maximum Likelihood method, 1000 bootstrap replicates) software. Therapeutic management included mechanical removal, systemic ivermectin, and supportive topical therapy, with follow‐ups until recovery. Results The dog exhibited ocular irritation, lacrimation, and conjunctival hyperemia. Morphological features confirmed T. callipaeda (distinct buccal capsule, cuticular striations, and encysted larvae in the anterior end of the female worm). The cox1 gene sequence showed 99.4% similarity with isolates from Slovakia and China, with nucleotide substitutions at positions 298 (Cysteine→Threonine), 339 (Alanine→Glycine), 342 (Threonine→Cysteine), and 348 (Glycine→Alanine). Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolate with European and Asian lineages. Conclusion This report describes the first molecularly confirmed report of T. callipaeda infection from India, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and regional surveillance of this emerging zoonotic parasite.
Journals
2026 EN
AlRiyami Arwa Z. · Gammon Richard R. · Seheult Jansen
+2 more
Abstract Background and Objectives Artificial intelligence (AI) has been gaining increasing interest in healthcare. During the 2024 International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress, the Clinical Transfusion Working Party (CTWP) conducted a session to explore the exciting intersection of AI in transfusion medicine (TM) practice, education and research. We report here the potential applications and the session outcome. Materials and Methods A pre‐workshop survey explored the participants' demographics and areas of use of AI and whether they have had any AI‐specific training or education. The workshop included presentations on the regulatory aspects of AI use and its application in TM practice, education and research. These were followed by round‐table discussions to explore participants' experience and concerns. Results The workshop had 72 attendees, with 38% falling in the 36–45‐year age group. A total of 70% indicated the use of AI, but only 12% reported having specific training or education. Participants expressed interest in different potential applications but also shared concerns on over‐reliance, potential loss of skills, the accuracy of provided information and content plagiarism. Conclusion The findings of the workshop highlight the need for training, educational resources, standards and regulatory frameworks to guide the use of AI tools in the field of TM.
Journals
2026 EN
Bisht Jay · Batni Kriti · Arora Satyam
+2 more
Abstract Background and Objectives Paediatric transfusion therapy is critical for managing haematological and genetic disorders. However, parental knowledge about transfusion risks, including transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) and adverse reactions, remains largely unexplored. This study assessed parental knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding paediatric blood transfusions. Materials and Methods A prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care children's hospital in India over 6 months. A structured questionnaire evaluated parental knowledge. Results Among 230 parents (51.7% mothers), 51.3% knew their child's ABO blood group and 76.1% correctly identified the required blood component. Awareness of TTIs screened in donated blood (25.9%) and leukoreduction (2%) was low. Parents of children on chronic transfusion therapy demonstrated significantly better knowledge ( p = 0.001 for blood group, p < 0.001 for blood component). Education level strongly predicted transfusion‐related knowledge: parents with high school education were 16.8 times more likely to know the blood group (odds ratio [OR] = 16.84, p < 0.001) and 10.4 times more likely to identify the correct blood component (OR = 10.44, p = 0.026). Conclusion Significant gaps exist in parental knowledge, particularly regarding TTIs and leukoreduction. Higher education and chronic transfusion exposure improve awareness. Graduate education was linked to a better understanding of TTIs (OR = 2.95, p = 0.038). Targeted education can enhance transfusion safety and the consent process.
Journals
2026 EN
Sahu Ansuman · VK Nayana · Gupta Kavita
+3 more
Abstract Background and Objectives Transfusion‐transmitted syphilis remains a concern, necessitating robust screening. This study evaluates the prevalence of syphilis among blood donors using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), rapid diagnostic card test (RDT) and venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) tests, comparing their diagnostic performance. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 10,403 donors by ECLIA. Reactive samples underwent RDT and VDRL testing. Additionally, 100 ECLIA‐negative controls were retested to assess test specificity as well as internal validation. Qualitative and quantitative VDRL testing were performed. Correlations between ECLIA cut‐off index (COI) values and VDRL titres were analysed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi‐square tests as well as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) for each method. Results Syphilis prevalence was 1.05% (109/10,403) by ECLIA. Of these, 85% were RDT‐reactive and 60.5% VDRL‐reactive. All ECLIA‐negative controls were non‐reactive in RDT and VDRL. VDRL showed 83.3% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity and an AUC of 0.950. RDT demonstrated 97.8% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity and an AUC of 0.985. ECLIA COI values correlated strongly with VDRL titres ( ρ = 0.822, p < 0.001). No significant association was found with gender or donor category. Conclusion ECLIA proved to be a reliable primary screening tool for syphilis because of its high sensitivity and strong correlation with VDRL titres. RDT showed superior diagnostic accuracy compared to VDRL, supporting its use as a supplementary method in resource‐limited settings. These findings highlight the need for robust screening strategies to enhance transfusion safety.
Journals
2026 EN
Sahu Sachin Kumar · Podila Pramod Chakravarthy
Roos and Stynes [Some open questions in the numerical analysis of singularly perturbed differential equations, Comput. Methods Appl. Math. 15 2015, 4, 531–550] posed several open problems, one of which is obtaining uniform convergence of higher-order finite element methods on Bakhvalov-type meshes. In this article, we propose a finite element analysis of any order on an eXp-Bakhvalov mesh to solve a two-dimensional singularly perturbed boundary value problem, whose solution exhibits exponential layers. A careful selection of the interpolation operator, considering the characteristics of the layers, allows the finite element method to achieve optimal-order convergence with respect to the singular perturbation parameter. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical findings.
Journals
2026 EN
Sahu Ajay Kumar · Sahu Lalit Kumar · Patel Ramnarayan
The voltage produced by solar panels can fluctuate because of factors such as irradiance, temperature, and shading. This makes it challenging to obtain a stable voltage suitable for powering devices that use regular household electricity. This article presents a novel solar microinverter that operates in off-grid mode and provide a stable output voltage of 230 V from a low and variable input voltage ranging from 24 V to 46 V. A modified Z-source converter with an active switch achieves the requisite gain. The duty ratio of this switch adapts dynamically in response to fluctuations in the input voltage or load. The operation of the microinverter is controlled by Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, ensuring optimal control and performance. The proposed microinverter provides a common grounding feature between the solar panel and load; this suppresses the Photovoltaic (PV) leakage current. A detailed explanation of the circuit operations, component design and a comparison of the proposed microinverter with existing microinverters are provided. The performance analysis of the proposed topology is validated in real time with a 500VA microinverter.
Journals
2026 EN
Gupta Nitin · Sahu Pradeep Kumar · Bansal Shilpa
In this paper we develop time change models. In these models the frailty random variable enters the baseline hazard function to change the time scale which is also the case in scale change model available in literature. We investigate, when the frailty random variables are ordered then how are the corresponding population variables ordered in terms of various stochastic orders. Stochastic orders namely the usual stochastic, the likelihood ratio, the hazard rate and the mean residual life ordering between overall population variables are studied.