Objective: To determine the maximum mouth opening (MMO) in Pakistani adult population and its possible correlation with sex and age. Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Dentistry Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to July 2019. Material and Methods: The study involved 894 adults’ patients having 463 males and 431 females patients age in the range of twenty one year to seventy years. The patients were asked maximally open their mouth and keep it open until no further opening of mouth possible. Then with the help of calibrated fiber ruler distance was measured from incisal edge of the upper incisor teeth to the incisal edge of the lower incisor teeth. To check the correlation of mouth opening with age a Pearson correlation analysis was done and significance of the test was checked by applying the independent sample T-test will be applied taking p value of ≤0.05 as statistically significant. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient. Results of the Study: For males mean maximum opening of mouth was observed as 51.4±8.1 mm having its range 38 to 70. Mean maximum opening of mouth for females was observed as 43.1±5.9 mm having age range 37 to 55 mm. In 21 to 30 years age group the opening of mouth was 39.90 ± 5.02 mm for female’s patients and 40.26 ± 5.26 mm for male patients. In 31 to 40 years age group the opening of mouth was 39.54 ± 4.69 mm for females and for female’s patients it was 40.24 ± 4.55 for male patients. In 41 to 50 years age group MMO was 40.24 ± 5.02 mm for females and was 40.97 ± 4.79 mm for males. In age 51 to 60 years age group the equivalent values for males were 41.54 ± 5.49 and for females41.04 ± 5.63 mm. In 61 to 70 years age group the corresponding values for females and males were 40.33 ±5.55 mm and41.25 ± 6.04 respectively. Conclusion: The mean MMO for males was 51.4 ± 8.2 and for females was 43.1 ± 6.7. The opening of the mouth looks to reduce with age. The opening of mouth of females is not as much of the males in the all groups of age. Keywords: Maximum mouth opening (MMO), Age, Sex
Introduksi : Obesitas atau kegemukan merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan di Indonesia dengan angka kejadian yang tinggi. Pasien obesitas mengalami disbiosis sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan lain. Saat ini mulai dikembangkan terapi Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) untuk mengatasi obesitas dengan restorasi keseimbangan mikrobiota usus pada pasien obesitas.Tujuan : Literature review ini dibuat untuk mendiskusikan potensi terapi Personalized FMT, yaitu memodifikasi FMT pada donor feses yang berasal dari pasien obesitas dengan teknik cross-kingdom miRNA. Metode : Penulis melakukan pencarian artikel pada beberapa sistem basis data jurnal kedokteran seperti PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan beberapa jurnal yang dipublikasikan dalam Google Scholar menggunakan logika pencarian Boolean. Hasil dan Pembahasan : FMT terbukti memiliki efek positif dalam menyeimbangkan mikrobiota usus pasien obesitas, namun hal tersebut terjadi secara temporal. Penerapan personalized FMT adalah dengan mengambil feses pasien obesitas itu sendiri dan dilakukan perlakukan dengan teknik cross-kingdom miRNA dari sumber hewani dan nabati. miRNA yang telah dikultur dengan mikrobiota usus secara in vitro sebelum memasuki tahap FMT akan meningkatkan komposisi bakteri baik seperti Bacteriodetes dan menekan Firmicutes, sehingga dapat langsung ditransplantasikan kembali kepada pasien obesitas untuk memperbaiki kondisi disbiosis dan kemudian mempertahankan komposisi mikrobiota usus secara permanen. Kata Kunci : Obesitas, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Disbiosis, Cross-kingdom miRNA, Restorasi Mikrobiota
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bimbingan baca tulis metode iqra terhadap kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an anak usia prasekolah di TK Al-Qur’an Nurul Huda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis data melalui software SPSS versi 22. Jumlah populasi anak sebanyak 52 orang dan peneliti mengambil total keseluruhan populasi sebagai sampel. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala Likert. Dan hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak dan hipotesis kerja (Ha) diterima dengan menggunakan uji parsial dan uji simultan. Besar pengaruh antara variabel X terhadap variabel Y ialah 24,9% dengan nilai persamaan regresi Y = -24,846 + 1,285 X yang mana menunjukan arah pengaruh yang positif
Latar belakang: Manajemen nyeri sangat penting bagi pasien bedah untuk mencegah efek samping nyeri post operasi dan memfasilitasi pemulihan. Manajemen nyeri non farmakologi mengurangi efek emosional dari nyeri, meningkatkan penyesuaian dan membuat pasien percaya dapat mengendalikan rasa nyerinya, sehingga mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan tidur. Tujuan: Melakukan literature review terhadap artikel-artikel yang meneliti tentang menejemen nyeri non farmakologi pada pasien post operasi dengan terapi spiritual “doa dan dzikir”. Desain: Literature review. Metode: Menggunakan database dengan penelusuran elektronik pada Google, Google Scholar dan PubMed yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2013-2018. Hasil: Lima artikel dipakai dalam review. Tiga artikel menyebutkan manajemen nyeri non farmakologi dengan membaca doa dan dzikir: melafalkan bacaan Tasbih 33 kali, Tahmid 33 kali, Takbir 33 kali, Tahlil 33 kali, Alhauqalah 33 kali selama 10-15 menit atau 30 menit. Diawali dengan melakukan tehnik napas dalam selama 5 menit atau membaca dzikir Hazrate Zahra (menyebut nama “Allah”) 100 kali. Dilanjutkan membaca surat Al-fatihah dan diakhiri doa menghilangkan rasa sakit 7 kali. Dipraktikkan dengan posisi duduk/berbaring dengan nyaman, dengan mata tertutup. Dua artikel lain dengan mendengarkan doa "Ya man esmoho davaa va zekroho shafa, Allahomma salle ala mohammad va ale mohammad" selama 20 menit pada post operasi atau pembacaan doa salawat syifa ' dan dzikir pada intraoperasi. Kesimpulan: Doa dan dzikir adalah teknik non farmakologi berbiaya rendah, mudah, nyaman dilakukan kapanpun dan dimanapun, tidak memiliki efek samping. Membaca doa dan dzikir maupun mendengarkannya terbukti menurunkan intensitas nyeri post operasi
Background: Due to the importance of dexmedetomidine and its different dosages, here, we aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine in sedation, agitation, and bleeding in pediatrics undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Methods: This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 105 pediatric patients that were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. Then, the patients were divided into three groups receiving dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, diluted dexmedetomidine at 1 µg/kg, and normal saline. The drugs were administered 15 minutes before operations via the intravenous method. The duration of extubation, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and SPO2 in the recovery were recorded. We also collected data regarding patients’ sedation and agitation every 15 minutes. Results: Our data showed no significant differences between the groups of patients regarding MAP, HR, and SPO2. However, the mean sedation score was significantly higher in patients receiving dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg), and this score was lowest in the control group at the time of entrance to the recovery room. The patients that received dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1 µg/kg had the lowest agitation score after 45 minutes of being in the recovery room, and the patients treated with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg had the lowest agitation score after 60 minutes of being in the recovery compared to other groups of patients. Conclusions: The use of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine was associated with proper sedation and a significant reduction in agitation. The patients also had lower amounts of bleeding. We recommend that anesthesiologists should pay more attention to dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, especially in pediatric surgical procedures.
Background: Tracheal intubation is the most reliable way of securing an airway. Pediatric airway management is one of the significant challenges, especially for non-pediatric anesthesiologists. Early airway evaluation for detecting difficult intubation and preventing catastrophic events is necessary before anesthesia, especially in children. Objectives: Therefore, this study was done to compare some valuable adult predictors in children under two years of age. Methods: This prospective descriptive-analytical study was performed on 405 children under two years of age that were referred for elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in Imam Hossein Hospital, Isfahan. Under sedation in a supine position, we measured items, including age, weight, height, stern omental distance (SMD), mouth opening (MO), neck circumference (NC), acromio-axillo-suprasternal notch index (AASI), and intubation difficulty scale score (IDS). An expert anesthesiologist did laryngoscopy and intubation, and difficult cases were recorded. Results: Our study showed that the frequency of difficult intubation with IDS > 4 was %16, and with IDS > 5 was %3. The variables, including age, weight, height, and SMD, significantly predicted difficult intubation. The cut-off points for age 4, age< 6-month, weight < 5/9 kg, and SMD < 5/3 cm are predictors for difficult intubation. It is helpful for the anesthesiologist to measure these predictions before anesthesia is started to find who has difficult intubation.