Journals
2025 EN
Rehman Amjad · Abunadi Ibrahim · Alamri Faten S.
+3 more
Abstract One of the most popular fruits worldwide is the banana. Accurate identification and categorization of banana diseases is essential for maintaining global fruits security and stakeholder profitability. Four different types of banana leaves exist Healthy, Cordana, Sigatoka, and Pestalotiopsis. These types can be analyzed using four types of vision: RGB, night vision, infrared vision, and thermal vision. This paper presents an intelligent deep augmented learning model composed of VGG19 and passive aggressive classifier (PAC) to classify the four diseases types of bananas under each type of vision. Each vision consisted of 1600 images with a size of (224 × 224). The training–testing approach was used to evaluate the performance of the hybrid model on Kaggle dataset, which was justified by various methods and metrics. The proposed model achieved a remarkable mean accuracy rate of 99.16% for RGB vision, 98.02% for night vision, 96.05% for infrared vision, and 96.10% for thermal vision for training and testing data. Microscopy employed in this research as a validation tool. The microscopic examination of leaves confirmed the presence and extent of the disease, providing ground truth data to validate and refine the proposed model. Research Highlights The model can be helpful for internet of things ‐based drones to identify the large scale of banana leaf‐disease detection using drones for images acquisition. Proposed an intelligent deep augmented learning model composed of VGG19 and passive aggressive classifier (PAC) to classify the four diseases types of bananas under each type of vision. The model detected banana leaf disease with a 99.16% accuracy rate for RGB vision, 98.02% accuracy rate for night vision, 96.05% accuracy rate for infrared vision, and 96.10% accuracy rate for thermal vision The model will provide a facility for early disease detection which minimizes crop loss, enhances crop quality, timely decision making, cost saving, risk mitigation, technology adoption, and helps in increasing the yield.
Journals
2025 EN
Munsaf Amna · Ahmed Muhammad Naeem · Haq Ihsan ul
+2 more
ABSTRACT The escalating resistance to traditional antibiotics causes a significant hazard to public health, demanding innovative antimicrobial strategies. This study introduces cefixime‐infused green‐synthesized zinc oxide nanoplatelets (ZnO NPts) highlighting their enhanced biological potential. The successful formation of ZnO NPts and their subsequent infusion with cefixime were confirmed using various characterization techniques: UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Comparing cefixime‐functionalized ZnO NPts with pure ZnO and cefixime alone, biological assessments revealed that the former exhibited stronger antifungal activity against the tested strains. Moreover, these NPts demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity in tests with Artemia salina larvae and pronounced antioxidant activity in TAC, TRP, and DPPH assays. These findings emphasize the significant potential of cefixime‐infused ZnO NPts for various biomedical applications, offering enhanced antifungal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties.
Journals
2025 EN
Alhomaidi Eman A. · Saleh Ibrahim A. · Zomot Naser
+2 more
ABSTRACT We succeeded in producing pure and magnesium‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mg‐Zn NPs) by making use of a Prosopis farcta leaf extract and subsequently distinguished the quality of our NPs with the use of field energy scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and UV–vis. In correlation to our observations, the particulates were spherically produced at a size of 20 nm with the ability to cause antimicrobial impacts on Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. Inhibition zones of 18 ± 0.3 and 24 ± 0.3 mm were obtained for 5% Mg‐Zn NPs against bacteria and fungi, respectively. Based on these results, our work suggests a practicable proposition for our synthesized product to be considered as a worthy alternative for dental and oral utilizations.
Journals
2025 EN
Ahmed Syed Zubairuddin · Khan Abdul Samad · Nasser Wejdan Waleed
+7 more
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and durability of bioactive glass‐based dental resin infiltrants. Resin infiltrants were formulated by combining photoinitiated dimethacrylate monomers with three variations of bioactive glass: 45S5 Bioglass (RIS), boron‐substituted (RIB), fluoride‐substituted (RIF), and pure resins (PR), whereby TOOTH group (TH) and ICON (CN) served as commercial control groups. Teeth samples were prepared, and experimental and control infiltrants were applied on demineralized human‐extracted teeth. All the samples were subjected to immersion in artificial saliva and pH cycling for 30 days. The samples from another group underwent tooth brushing simulation for 9600 cycles. Following artificial saliva immersion, the samples' hardness values showed that RIB had the highest values (318.44 ± 3.83) while PR (212.52 ± 9.02) had the lowest values. After immersing into the pH cycling solution, the RIF showed the highest hardness (286.86 ± 5.11), while the lowest values for the CN (143.76 ± 3.50). After the tooth brushing simulation, the teeth samples with RIB showed maximum microhardness values (312.06 ± 16.30) and the weakest for the TH (189.60 ± 6.43). The commercial and experimental enamel resin infiltrants showed almost similar results overall, with RIB demonstrating better microhardness and comparable surface roughness. In contrast, RIF proved more resistant to pH cycling, exhibited higher microhardness, and performed better in surface roughness analysis. These findings suggest that resin infiltrant materials, especially RIF, have promising potential for effectively and esthetically managing white spot lesions.
Journals
2025 EN
Bilgi Halime · Çeter Talip · Bani Barış
+4 more
ABSTRACT In this study, the morphological properties of pollen of 14 species from 9 different sections of the genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) distributed in Türkiye were examined, identified, and compared under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen grains of the studied taxa are radially symmetrical and isopolar. Pollen shapes were determined as prolate, subprolate, spheroidal, and prolate‐spheroidal. The polar axis lengths of the pollen grains were determined to be between 24.5 and 34.4 μm, and the equatorial axis lengths were determined to be between 22.4 and 27.5 μm. The aperture type of pollen grains is mainly trizonacolporate, rarely trisyncolporate. Colpus are thin and long with acute ends. The shapes of the pores were determined as oblate, suboblate, or oblate‐spheroidal. Colpus lengths were found to be between 18.2 and 28.8 μm, and widths were found to be between 2.7 and 7.1 μm. In the studied species, four types of ornamentation were determined according to the differences in the polar region and equatorial region. Type 1: perforate in polar and equatorial regions; Type 2: perforate in polar region, microreticulate in equatorial region; Type 3: microreticulate in polar and equatorial regions; Type 4: psilate‐perforate in polar region, microreticulate in equatorial region. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analyses showed that morphological characters of pollen grains were effective in distinguishing species but could not contribute significantly to a distinction according to sections. Pollen size, colpus characteristics, and ornamentation were determined to be important characteristics that distinguish the studied taxa. This study contributes to Astragalus taxonomy and different sub‐branches of palynology.
Journals
2025 EN
Maryam Areesha · Rabbani Saqib · Khan Athar Yaseen
+8 more
ABSTRACT This research highlights the facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Phoenix dactylifera seed extracts and its photocatalytic application for the degradation of toxic dyes. The AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by the appearance of its representative absorption peak at 416 nm in UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, the reduction of silver ions to Ag was justified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction pattern revealed crystalline AgNPs structure with particle size ranging from 5 to 15 nm calculated using the Debye–Scherrer equation. The rectangular‐like structural morphology of synthesized AgNPs was observed in scanning electron micrographs. The as‐synthesized AgNPs demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of malachite green (MG) and congo red (CR) followed by methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) under UV irradiation. In addition, rate constant (k) and percentage degradation were also calculated. The present study presents a facile green synthesis pathway and its potentially successful manipulation in the reduction of toxic dyes under the illumination of UV‐light.
Journals
2025 EN
Boushra Amy F. · Soliman Ghada Farouk · Ibrahim Walaa
+7 more
ABSTRACT Arrhythmia is a common and serious global health problem, contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The cardiac muscle is susceptible to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, which can lead to fatal arrhythmias during open‐heart surgery. We investigated the potential prophylactic effect of angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7) using an in vivo rat model of I/R injury and examined the underlying mechanisms. Rats were treated with Ang 1–7 (1 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before the surgical procedures. Twenty‐four rats were equally divided into four groups: sham control, sham‐treated with Ang 1–7, I/R injury group, and I/R injury group treated with Ang 1–7. In vivo I/R injury was induced by clamping the left coronary artery for 30 min, followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. The I/R group showed abnormal electrophysiological changes and arrhythmic episodes during electrocardiography (ECG) recording, increased oxidative stress, downregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ), and upregulation of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) expression in cardiac tissue, which increased cardiac NF‐kB expression and IL‐17 levels. Moreover, I/R injury caused significant histological disruption and increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) immunoreactions, correlating with the extent of cardiac damage. However, preoperative Ang 1–7 administration significantly improved the electrophysiological, biochemical, and histopathological changes induced by I/R injury. This study demonstrated that Ang 1–7 exerted protective anti‐arrhythmic, anti‐inflammatory, and pro‐healing effects by upregulating PPAR‐γ and downregulating CXCL16, IL‐17, and NF‐kB pathways, suggesting it is a promising cardioprotective agent for preventing arrhythmias induced by I/R injury.
Journals
2025 EN
Liman Recep · Kılıç Emine · İstifli Erman Salih
+2 more
ABSTRACT Haloxyfop‐R‐methyl (HRM) is extensively employed to control annual and perennial grass weeds. This study aimed to investigate the cyto‐genotoxic effects of HRM at concentrations of 1.19, 2.38, and 4.76 mg/L over various time intervals (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) on Allium cepa root. Parameters including root growth, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage were assessed using root growth inhibition, A. cepa ana–telophase, and alkaline comet assays. Moreover, to gain molecular insights into the cyto‐genotoxic effects of HRM as well as the active agent haloxyfop‐R (HR), molecular docking was performed against two intracellular target receptors: the carboxyltransferase (CT) domain of yeast acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and a double‐stranded DNA dodecamer. The root growth inhibition test revealed a statistically significant reduction in onion root length, from 3.64 ± 0.18 cm at lower concentrations to 0.05 ± 0.02 cm at higher concentrations of HRM. A significant decrease in the MI was observed at all treatment periods, except at 1.19 mg/L after 72 h, along with an increase in CAs during the 24 and 48 h applications, except at 4.76 mg/L after 48 h, in A. cepa root cells treated with HRM, compared to the negative control group. DNA damage increased with HRM exposure and was found to be both concentration‐and time‐dependent. Docking studies revealed strong binding interactions of HRM and HR with the CT domain of the ACC enzyme, which is a central player in fatty acid biosynthesis, and showed that both HRM and HR bound specifically to DNA minor groove regions rich in GC bases. The current study confirmed the cyto‐genotoxic effects of HRM. Its use should be carefully regulated, as it may present ecological risks by negatively impacting the genomes of non‐target organisms.
Journals
2025 EN
Niazi Fayez Hussain · AlTowayan Sarah AbdulRahman · Arjumand Bilal
+6 more
ABSTRACT Remineralizing fillers Amorphous‐calcium‐phosphate nanoparticles (ACP‐NPs), hydroxyapatite (HA‐NPs), and cerium dioxide (CeO 2‐ NPs) on the micro‐tensile bond strength (μTBS) and degree of conversion (DC) of the experimental adhesive (EA) to caries‐affected dentin (CAD). Forty molars with carious lesions on the occlusal surface extending to the middle third of the dentin were included. The characterization of ACP‐NPs, HA‐NPs, and CeO 2 ‐NPs was performed using SEM and EDX. CAD samples were arbitrarily assigned to four groups based on the application of remineralizing fillers infused into EA. Group 1, Unmodified EA; Group 2, 5% ACP‐NPs in EA; Group 3, 5% HA‐NPs in EA; and Group 4, 5% CeO 2 ‐NPs in EA. The composite buildup on the CAD surface was followed by artificial aging. μTBS measurements were evaluated using UTM. The DC of the modified EA was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze μTBS and DC. CeO 2 ‐NPs + EA displayed the highest bond integrity scores. The unmodified EA samples exhibited the lowest μTBS values. ACP‐NPs + EA and the unmodified adhesive demonstrated comparable bond strength ( p > 0.05). DC of samples in Group 2: ACP‐NPs + EA (66.11 ± 6.33) was comparable to Group 1 HA‐NPs (73.51 ± 4.37) ( p > 0.05). The highest DC was observed in Group 1 (Unmodified EA). CeO 2 ‐NPs have the potential to improve bond strength scores when used as a remineralizing filler in EA adhesives. However, the incorporation of NPs at 5% in adhesive reduced the DC.
Journals
2025 EN
Ibrahim Sobhay M. · Imanberdieva Nazgul · Kekecoglu Meral
+6 more
ABSTRACT The green catalytic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from medicinal plants offers a sustainable and eco‐friendly approach toward nanoparticle production. This study also explored the antimicrobial potential of nanoparticles, representing promising implications for their application in combating microbial pathogens. We describe the eco‐friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing leaf extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra . The green chemically synthesized Ag NPs are thoroughly characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, and EDXA nano techniques. The peak absorbance of XRD represent maximum λ = 517 nm, demonstrate the presence of agglomerated particles in the Ag NPs attributed to surface plasmon resonance. The XRD pattern of Ag NPs revealed distinct peaks at specific angles, indicating the lattice spacing within the crystalline structure. FTIR spectra corroborated the existence of phenols, amines, alcohols, and flavonoids within the leaf extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra . SEM analysis depicted spherical Ag NPs with sizes ranging from 30 to 41 nm, and moderate particle agglomeration was observed. The EDAX spectra of the synthesized green Ag NPs reveal prominent peaks aligning with Ag at 3.0 eV. The antibacterial activity performed on E. coli , S. aureus , P. aeruginosa , and B. subtilis demonstrated significant zones of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 13.3, 15.8, 11.5, and 12.2 mm, respectively. The findings reflect potential of Ag NPs as a viable treatment option for infectious diseases caused by the tested pathogens. Thus, the utilization of G. glabra for the synthesis of Ag NPs presents a novel avenue in antimicrobial therapy. This approach holds significant to address the microbial infections and signify the potential of natural resources in combating healthcare challenges.