The influence of cognitive and psychomotoric functioning on road traffic safety found on simulation-based research

Perceptual and attention processes involved in information processing are engaged during every single activity taken by an individual, including driving a vehicle. They are considered to be one of the most important driver characteristics. It is assumed that safe driving consists of quick and accurate spotting and isolating events important for road traffic safety. The other crucial factor is the reduction of the information excess coming to human in one certain moment. Thanks to that, only an important part of stimuli reaching the senses is perceived in a way enabling the use of certain information from memory structures and the launch of further reaction processes.

Evaluation der DVT-Diagnostik bei Sialolithiasis

Evaluation of CBCT in sialolithiasis

Prevalência de Sarcopenia e Fatores Associados em Pacientes com Diabetes Melito Tipo 2

Low-energy electron-induced decomposition of 5-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-uracil: A potential radiosensitizer

5-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-uracil (OTfU), a recently proposed radiosensitizer, is decomposed in the gas-phase by attachment of low-energy electrons. OTfU is a derivative of uracil with a triflate (OTf) group at the C-position, which substantially increases its ability to undergo effective electron-induced dissociation. We report a rich assortment of fragments formed upon dissociative electron attachment (DEA), mostly by simple bond cleavages (e.g., dehydrogenation or formation of OTf). The most favorable DEA channel corresponds to the formation of the triflate anion alongside with the reactive uracil-5-yl radical through the cleavage of the O-C bond, particularly at about 0 eV. Unlike for halouracils, the parent anion was not detected in our experiments. The experimental findings are accounted by a comprehensive theoretical study carried out at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The latter comprises the thermodynamic thresholds for the formation of the observed anions calculated under the experimental conditions (383.15 K and 3 × 10 atm). The energy-resolved ion yield of the dehydrogenated parent anion, (OTfU-H), is discussed in terms of vibrational Feshbach resonances arising from the coupling between the dipole bound state and vibrational levels of the transient negative ion. We also report the mass spectrum of the cations obtained through ionization of OTfU by electrons with a kinetic energy of 70 eV. The current study endorses OTfU as a potential radiosensitizer agent with possible applications in radio-chemotherapy.

Effect of Ag-doping on microwave absorption properties of La0.8Ca0.2-xAgxMnO3 (x = 0 and x = 0.1)

Site-selective measurement of coupled spin pairs in an organic semiconductor

From organic electronics to biological systems, understanding the role ofintermolecular interactions between spin pairs is a key challenge. Here we showhow such pairs can be selectively addressed with combined spin and opticalsensitivity. We demonstrate this for bound pairs of spin-triplet excitationsformed by singlet fission, with direct applicability across a wide range ofsynthetic and biological systems. We show that the site-sensitivity of exchangecoupling allows distinct triplet pairs to be resonantly addressed at differentmagnetic fields, tuning them between optically bright singlet (S=0) and darktriplet, quintet (S=1,2) configurations: this induces narrow holes in a broadoptical emission spectrum, uncovering exchange-specific luminescence. Usingfields up to 60 T, we identify three distinct triplet-pair sites, with exchangecouplings varying over an order of magnitude (0.3-5 meV), each with its ownluminescence spectrum, coexisting in a single material. Our results reveal howsite-selectivity can be achieved for organic spin pairs in a broad range ofsystems.

Single-molecule DNA-mapping and whole-genome sequencing of individual cells

To elucidate cellular diversity and clonal evolution in tissues and tumors, one must resolve genomic heterogeneity in single cells. To this end, we have developed low-cost, mass-producible micro-/nanofluidic chips for DNA extraction from individual cells. These chips have modules that collect genomic DNA for sequencing or map genomic structure directly, on-chip, with denaturation-renaturation (D-R) optical mapping [Marie R, et al. (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:4893-4898]. Processing of single cells from the LS174T colorectal cancer cell line showed that D-R mapping of single molecules can reveal structural variation (SV) in the genome of single cells. In one experiment, we processed 17 fragments covering 19.8 Mb of the cell's genome. One megabase-large fragment aligned well to chromosome 19 with half its length, while the other half showed variable alignment. Paired-end single-cell sequencing supported this finding, revealing a region of complexity and a 50-kb deletion. Sequencing struggled, however, to detect a 20-kb gap that D-R mapping showed clearly in a megabase fragment that otherwise mapped well to the reference at the pericentromeric region of chromosome 4. Pericentromeric regions are complex and show substantial sequence homology between different chromosomes, making mapping of sequence reads ambiguous. Thus, D-R mapping directly, from a single molecule, revealed characteristics of the single-cell genome that were challenging for short-read sequencing.

Separation of the Minor Actinides Americium(III) and Curium(III) by Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic BTPhen ligands: Exploiting Differences in their Rates of Extraction and Effective Separations at Equilibrium

Urban sharing in smart cities: the cases of Berlin and London