Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Kozłowska · Piotr Jadwiszczak
The paper presents the analysis of thermal processes occurring in thermal energy storage tanks used for heating hot water systems. Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods were used. The standard buffer charging stage was modelled for three tank inlets’ diameters DN20, DN40 and DN80. With a constant charging water flow and temperature the port diameter affects inlet velocity, heat storage dynamics, thermal stratification and thermocline thickness in storage tank. The smallest diameter causes unfavourable thermal mixing of accumulated water, and the largest diameter supports thermal stratification
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Mizerna
The paper presents the results of heavy metals mobility obtained by sequential extraction method and leaching test. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different forms and phases that differ in terms of the toxicity, mobility and bioavailability. The sequential extraction analysis is widely used in order to predict the behaviour of heavy metals in a solid material. The sequential extraction methods involve a gradual separation of metals in various forms by means of specific extractants. The material used in the research applied bottom ash derived from households. The results of heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn) in extractable forms and total content in waste were presented. The five forms of heavy metals were determined. The concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed by FAAS. The lowest concentrations of analyzed heavy metals were determined in the exchangeable form. The author observed that the particular elements occurred mainly in forms: zinc and cadmium associated with carbonates, lead and copper in the organic and residual form, chromium and nickel in the residual form. Heavy metals in the residual fraction do not pose a possible environment hazard. The application of speciation analysis of heavy metals in bottom ash provide the means to assess the content of dissoluble forms of metals in water relative to their total content. This information is useful in assessing the migration capabilities of heavy metal ions from waste to the ground-water environment. The potential for the reuse of bottom ash was also discussed in the paper.
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca · Malwina Tytła · Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec
+1 more
Literature data indicate, that the conversion of secondary PM (particulate matter) precursors are largely controlled by the amount of atmospheric water vapor, and that higher capacity of water accumulation is demonstrated mainly by fine particles of anthropogenic origin, rich in ionic compounds like sulfates, nitrates, ammonia and chlorides, arising for example from biomass incineration processes. Smaller retention capability is however typical for coarse PM particles of natural origin, containing lot of crustal material like aluminosilicates. It is therefore suspect that both – the size of PM particles and the source of its origin will determine its hygroscopicity. The quantitative and qualitative measurements of water contributions in PM for example by means of Karl Fischer titration method could be therefore a good marker of PM origin. Due to analytical limitations the identification of water contents in PM and the differences in water fingerprint between PM collected in different locations is still quite challenging.
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Hrut · Tomasz Kamizela
The purpose of the research was to determine the possibility of using a magnetic field as a factor supporting the conditioning of municipal sewage sludge prepared using a chemical method. In order to condition the sludge, PIX 113 iron coagulant or Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were used. Two types of organic flocculants: medium cationic Superfloc ® C-494 and high cationic Superfloc ® C-496 were also applied. For the various test combinations a capillary suction time test was performed, the specific resistance to filtration and the final filtration of the filter cakes were determined. For selected combinations, a quality of supernatants analysis was also performed, the measure of which was the COD values. The results show, that in the dual chemical conditioning method, the use of PIX 113 coagulant was more favorable than the nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 . The influence of a magnetic field on the susceptibility to the dewatering of the tested sludge was variable, depending on process parameters such as the flow direction and flow rate through the solenoid. The type of polyelectrolyte used in the conditioning method with magnetic field action was also significant.
Journals
2018 EN
Paulina Raś · Krystyna Pudelska · Kamila Rojek
Cultural landscape is „the space historically shaped as a result of human activity, including products of human civilization and elements of nature” [1]. The valuable areas of particular historical, artistic and scientific values, which are a sign of the previous epochs, can be found in the present Podkarpacie region, which is the ethnic, political and religious border region. One of the objects of defensive landscape of the Podkarpackie voivodeship is a manor complex in Rzemień. This 15th century knight-fortified tower built among the marshes and wetlands of the Wisłoka River represents a bastion system of the so called Dutch school and it is the oldest preserved part in this historical building. Next to it there is the 19th century manor and park complex of the Szaszkiewicz family. Over the centuries the area and the layout of the whole historical complex has undergone many changes. Currently, it covers the area of 16 ha and since 1971 it has been inscribed in the list of historical monuments of the Podkarpackie voivodeship. Both in the closest surrounding of the oldest castle as well as in the park one can find a valuable tree stand and the remains of historical plants. These are monument trees of over 400 years old (eg. Quercus robur L.). Nowadays, the area of the defensive manor together with soil fortifications is private property. It serves as an example of good protection activities of defensive landscape. This has been confirmed by a distinction which residential-fortified tower with bastion fortifications received in 2014 in „Zabytek Zadbany” competition. The rest of the complex is a garden, which plays an educational role and it belongs to Agriculture School. The aim of the study is to present the preserved cultural and natural values of a defensive manor complex in Rzemień.
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila M. Harenda · Patryk Poczta · Dominika Szczepanik
+3 more
There is the need of integration of atmospheric and ecosystem research in order to assess the habitats reaction in the future since the recent climate changes. Peatlands due to their vulnerability are important ecosystems since their strong interaction with the climate system. In stable climatic conditions, they are atmospheric carbon sinks. The study of the atmosphere properties in the context of peatlands productivity requires the application of the multidimensional strategy of field measurements. These kind of measurements are conducted using the following sensors: sun photometer, cloud radar, Raman lidar and eddy covariance (EC) system. They are located and operated at the Rzecin peatland in the framework of the POLIMOS project. So far, aerosols presence in the air was found as a factor that increases the peatland production. This presents the novel strategy of extensive atmospheric studies in order to identify the selected particles type impact on peatlands carbon uptake capabilities.
Journals
2018 EN
Danar Guruh Pratomo · Khomsin · Mokhammad N Cahyadi
+2 more
Multibeam sonars use an acoustic wave to provide a view of seafloor topography and collect its backscatter. Seafloor backscatter image can be used as a means of quantitative classification of seafloor lithology. This allows sediment expert to examine spatial distributions of seafloor sediment types and discriminate among them. This method is expected to reduce expensive bottom-sampling programs. The research examined multibeam data collected from Indonesia Exploration 2010 Project. This project employed a Kongsberg EM302 multibeam system to collect seafloor topography and backscatter data at Sangihe Talaud Sea, North Sulawesi. The average depth of the area study is approximately 2400 m. The research applied the Angular Response Curve (ARC) method to analyze the echo strength of the backscatter as a function of the grazing angle. The range of backscatter intensity in this area is from -9dB to 67dB. Based on the backscatter data, there are five types of sediment in this area: clay, mud, gravel, sand, and boulder.
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Kotrasová
Ground-supported tanks are used as fluid storage. One of the phenomena associated with the seismic response of liquid-filled tanks is the fluid motion occurring that causes “sloshing” at the top of free surface. This paper presents the theoretical of fluid response of rectangular tank due to horizontal acceleration of tank bottom, the impulsive and convective (sloshing) pressure and the fluid natural frequencies. The vibration analysis of fluid filled rectangular container was monitored and was evaluated in experiment for purpose to evaluation of the first frequency mode and vibration response of fluid were analysed by using FEM.
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Międlarz · L. Bałachowski
Offshore piles are subjected to complex loads with considerable lateral component. The pile-soil response to lateral loads can be described with the p-y method. For a given depth the load–deflection relationship is built to simulate the surrounding soil stiffness. This state-of-art paper presents a brief discussion of determination methods for the p-y curves using a standard approach based on the soil parameters derived from laboratory and in-situ tests or directly from field tests. The basic relationships for both cohesive and cohesionless soils are discussed. The advantage of direct design methods to describe the p-y curve relies in the reduction of necessary laboratory tests.
Journals
2018 EN
Kamila Gąsiorek · Adam Tarnowski · Justyna Harasimczuk
Distraction of the driver's attention is one of the key aspects of research conducted by automotive companies. It concerns not only on-board devices, but also the factors outside the vehicle, such as advertising displays. Too much attention focused on advertisements can have negative impact on the driver's behaviour and driving quality. The 2-second distraction can more than double the risk of an accident. The paper presents the results of a simulator-based study, in which 60 drivers (including 30 women) age- 18-64 take part. All participants had a valid driving license and differed in their driving experience. It has been verified how the time of focusing the attention on the roadside advertisements affects the given safety and driving performance indicators.