Journals
2025 EN
Ibrahim Ayman A. · ElGazzar Marwa G. · Karam Heba M.
ABSTRACT This study assessed the possible mitigating effect of a mitochondrion‐targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) against gamma irradiation‐induced testicular damage. The rats were distributed into five groups. The first group served as a control, the second group received MitoQ (2 mg/kg/day; i.p.) for 7 days, the third group was exposed to gamma radiation (5 gray as a single dose), the fourth group received MitoQ prophylactically before irradiation, and the last group was exposed to gamma radiation and then treated with MitoQ. The rats were killed 7 days after irradiation. MitoQ replenished mitochondrial ROS, indicating its antioxidant effect. MitoQ inhibited the intrinsic apoptosis cascade via a reduction in Bax and alleviated Bcl‐2. MitoQ improved steroidogenesis, as verified by an increase in testosterone and upregulation of 3β‐HSD and 17β‐HSD expression, in addition to increasing complex I and succinate dehydrogenase activity. Likewise, sperm evaluation corroborated these findings. The acute toxicity profile of MitoQ was investigated in mice and was found to be 75 mg/kg body weight. Additionally, a molecular docking study of MitoQ showed a good fit to the active site of succinate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, this study introduces MitoQ as a new approach for the management of testicular damage triggered by gamma irradiation.
Journals
2025 EN
Guo Xu · Zhu Xiangrui · Tian Xin
+5 more
ABSTRACT Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, marked by aggressive local invasion and early metastasis. This study investigated the regulatory role of the hsa_circ_0000253/miR‐7/COL5A2 axis and the therapeutic potential of CCT‐018159 in OS progression. Differential expression and ceRNA network analyses identified hsa_circ_0000253 as a key regulator. Functional experiments demonstrated that silencing hsa_circ_0000253 or COL5A2 suppressed OS cell proliferation and migration, whereas inhibition of miR‐7 enhanced these processes. Single‐cell transcriptomics revealed distinct OS cell subclusters, with high‐risk cells characterized by elevated expression of COL5A2, IGF1R, COL1A1, and COL1A2, indicating progression toward aggressive phenotypes. Molecular docking further identified CCT‐018159 as a candidate drug capable of markedly reducing OS cell proliferation and migration. These findings highlight the hsa_circ_0000253/miR‐7/COL5A2 axis as a critical driver of OS malignancy and suggest CCT‐018159 as a promising therapeutic agent, warranting further in vivo validation and clinical exploration.
Journals
2025 EN
Abdulaal Wesam H. · Mohammed Nourelhuda A. · Taher Ehab S.
+5 more
ABSTRACT Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a pesticide commonly used for pest management. Regretfully, there is evidence that pesticides can cause pulmonary toxicity. The phytochemical umbelliferone (UMB) possesses anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities. This investigation aimed to determine whether UMB protects against pulmonary toxicity induced by CPF. Rats were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (30 mg/kg of UMB), group III (10 mg/kg of untreated CPF), and group IV (30 mg/kg of CPF + UMB). Interestingly, UMB reduced pulmonary intoxication, as evidenced by the attenuation of CPF‐induced histopathological alterations and the lowering of ALP, LDH, and CRP levels. Furthermore, UMB decreased CPF‐induced pulmonary oxidative damage by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increasing GSH and SOD levels, which was mediated by the upregulation of Nrf2, HO‐1, PPAR‐γ, and cytoglobin expression. UMB decreased CPF‐induced lung inflammation by lowering MPO, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β levels, as well as NF‐κB expression. Additionally, UMB counteracted lung necroptosis by downregulating RIPK‐1, RIPK3, mixed‐lineage kinase domain‐like pseudokinase (MLKL), and Caspase‐8, as confirmed by in silico studies. Accordingly, UMB could be a sound therapeutic strategy for mitigating CPF‐induced lung intoxication, as it balances antioxidants and oxidants, reduces cellular inflammation, and prevents lung tissue necroptosis.
Journals
2025 EN
Çelik Fatih · Ünver Yasemin · Güler Halil İbrahim
+2 more
ABSTRACT New 1,2,4‐triazole compounds were synthesized in this study. These compounds (2,3,5,6 (a–f)) were characterized by IR, 1 H‐NMR, and 13 C‐NMR studies. Acarbose was used as a standard for alpha glycosidase and alpha amylase enzymes, while tacrine molecule was used as a standard for acetylcholinesterase enzyme. While the IC 50 result of acarbose was found to be 6.430 ± 0.736, the IC 50 values for α‐gly and α‐amly enzymes were 1.454 ± 0.087 µM–3.7973 ± 0.3352 µM and 1.509 ± 0.161 µM–3.797 ± 0.335 µM, respectively. In addition, the IC 50 values for AChE enzyme were found to be in the range of 1.330 ± 0.118 µM–11.104 ± 3.463 µM. Except for molecules 5a, 5b and 5 f, all other molecules were found to be more active than the standard. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to explore the interactions of 3e and 3 f compounds with Human Acetylcholinesterase, using tacrine as a reference molecule, to evaluate binding affinities and key ligand‐protein interactions.
Journals
2025 EN
Shehata Shaimaa A. · Ibrahim Mahrous A. · Ismail Ezzat A.
+6 more
ABSTRACT Modafinil (MOD) is a nootropic nonamphetamine medication of growing therapeutic interest. Despite the drug's rapidly expanding usage, little is known about its toxic effects on male reproduction. The present study aimed to reveal the dose‐dependent MOD‐induced reproductive toxicity and the potential mitigating effects of selenium (Se) in testis. Adult male rats were administered MOD300 or 600 mg/kg/day alone for 14 days or co‐treated with Se either 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Functional, biochemical (Testosterone, Follicle‐stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Nitric oxide, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and Total Antioxidant Capacity), molecular, histopathological, and Transmission electron microscopy examinations were studied. Results revealed that MOD doses significantly induced deterioration of erectile function and sperm quality accompanied by a significant alteration in reproductive hormonal levels (Total and Free testosterone, LH, and FSH). MOD doses also evoked a significant increase in MDA, and NO, with a significant decrease in SOD and TAC. Furthermore, upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐ҡB pathway and the increased expression of the inflammatory gene (iNOS) were demonstrated with both MOD doses. Molecular docking highlighted the virtual mechanism of binding of MOD towards the tested proteins. The observed toxicity was further confirmed by the histopathological and ultrastructural changes. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the parameters when a Se dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day was co‐administered. In conclusion, MOD interferes with male reproductive function in a dose‐dependent manner, and Se may be a potentially helpful new approach for abating such toxicity.
Journals
2025 EN
Ali Dina A. · Ibrahim Dalia · Kolieb Eman
+5 more
ABSTRACT Methotrexate (MTX) is mostly used to treat different types of malignancies, but unfortunately, it also has fatal cytotoxic effects on many organs, including the heart. Liraglutide (LIR) is known to exhibit anti‐inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the possible cardioameliorative effects of two different dosages of LIR on MTX‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Four groups of rats were divided into a control group, a group that received a single dose of 20 mg/kg of MTX by intraperitoneal injection (ip) (MTX‐alone group), a group that received a subcutaneous (sc) dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/day of LIR for 2 weeks (low‐dose LIR group), and a group that received a sc dosage of 0.4 mg/kg/day of LIR for 2 weeks (high‐dose LIR group). The latter two groups were given MTX on day 10. After 2 weeks, each group was assessed by an electrocardiography (ECG) and by measuring serum levels of cardiac enzymes and histopathological and caspase‐3 immunohistochemical levels in heart tissues. In addition, cardiac tissue was evaluated for oxidative stress and inflammatory and apoptotic markers. When compared with the MTX‐alone group, the LIR‐treated groups had improved ECG results and significantly decreased levels of the cardiac enzyme malondialdehyde (creatine kinase (CK) and troponin), autophagy markers (including the microtubule‐associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3B [MAP1LC3B] and Beclin‐1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β). The LIR‐treated groups also had significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity compared with the MTX‐alone group. In addition, the LIR‐treated groups had much less cardiac tissue destruction and had mitigated the increased caspase‐3 immunoexpression that had been produced by MTX. These improvements were greater in the group that received the higher dosage of LIR than in the group that received the lower dosage of LIR. In conclusion, LIR improved MTX‐induced cardiotoxicity more significantly at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg/day, probably through the interruption of oxidative stress and autophagy pathways and the activation alleviation of inflammatory cytokines.
Journals
2025 EN
CastilloAleman Yandy Marx · Alsaid Aseel Suleiman · Lumame Shinnette
+8 more
ABSTRACT We report the case of a 50‐year‐old male with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and developed overlap chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (ocGvHD) requiring extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). His clinical presentation included a maculopapular rash with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Liver biopsy findings were not consistent with GvHD or lymphoma but were suggestive of drug‐induced hepatitis. ECP was initiated using the Therakos CellEx Photopheresis System. During the initial sessions, dark green plasma discoloration was observed, accompanied by multiple plasma/red blood cell interface‐related procedural alarms. These challenges were managed through various operator adjustments, and the procedures remained safe and effective. Over four ECP sessions, both the discoloration and opacity of the plasma progressively improved, in parallel with declining liver enzyme levels and a reduction in procedural alarms. This temporal association between hepatic recovery and improved interface stability during ECP has not been previously described in the context of ocGvHD. Although dark green plasma is an uncommon finding in this setting, it should prompt evaluation for underlying hepatic dysfunction and timely management of plasma/red blood cell interface issues to ensure safe and effective ECP delivery.
Journals
2025 EN
CastilloAleman Yandy Marx · VillegasValverde Carlos Agustin · BencomoHernandez Antonio Alfonso
+9 more
ABSTRACT The hematopoietic progenitor cell apheresis [HPC(A)] is a cornerstone of stem cell transplantation. While multiple apheresis sessions are common in clinical practice, few studies have examined the procedural variability within the same donor across consecutive collections. This study aims to compare changes in the efficiency metrics between the first and second HPC(A) procedures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on paired HPC(A) procedures performed on the same donor between January 2023 and May 2025 at the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center. The predefined parameters, including the collection efficiencies (CE 1 , CE 2 , cruCE), performance ratio (PR), and total volume processed (TVP), were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's r , and associations between variables were assessed using the Spearman correlation. Of the 215 procedures screened, 90 met the inclusion criteria. Despite similar preapheresis CD34 + cell counts and flow rates, second‐day procedures demonstrated significantly improved CE 1 , CE 2 , and PR, with lower TVP. A large effect size was observed for the TVP/total blood volume (TBV) ratio ( r = 0.63), and moderate‐to‐large effect sizes for CE 2 ( r = 0.41), PR ( r = 0.47), and CE 1 ( r = 0.47). CE 1 and CE 2 correlated strongly with PR across both sessions, while CE 2 correlated positively with TVP/TBV on day 1 ( ρ = 0.47) and negatively on day 2 ( ρ = −0.40). Second‐day HPC(A) sessions yielded superior efficiency despite reduced volume, supporting the value of individualized collection planning. These “ day two advantages ” may inform refinements in yield prediction and highlight the need for prospective studies to optimize apheresis strategies.
Journals
2025 EN
Zheng Jonathan W. · Al Ibrahim Emad · Kaljurand Ivari
+2 more
Abstract Acid dissociation constants ( p K a $$ \mathrm{p}{K}_{\mathrm{a}} $$ ) are widely measured and studied, most typically in water. Comparatively few datasets and models for non‐aqueousp K a $$ \mathrm{p}{K}_{\mathrm{a}} $$ values exist. In this work, we demonstrate how thep K a $$ \mathrm{p}{K}_{\mathrm{a}} $$ in one solvent can be accurately determined using reference data in another solvent, corrected by solvation energy calculations from the COSMO‐RS method. We benchmark this approach in 10 different solvents, and find thatp K a $$ \mathrm{p}{K}_{\mathrm{a}} $$ values calculated in six solvents deviate from experimental data on average by less than 1p K a $$ \mathrm{p}{K}_{\mathrm{a}} $$ unit. We observe comparable performance on a more diverse test set including amino acids and drug molecules, with higher error for large molecules. The model performance in four other solvents is worse, with one MAE exceeding 3p K a $$ \mathrm{p}{K}_{\mathrm{a}} $$ units; we discuss how such errors arise due to both model error and inconsistency in obtaining experimental data. Finally, we demonstrate how this technique can be used to estimate the proton transfer energy between different solvents, and use this to report a value of the proton's solvation energy in formamide, a quantity that does not have a consensus value in literature.
Journals
2025 EN
Afzal Samreen · Ullah Sultan · Shahid Misbah
+4 more
Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), pivotal in cutting‐edge research, are examined comprehensively in this article. Encompassing definition, types, and applications, the focus intensifies on synthesis methods. Detailed discussions include chemical synthesis approaches for silver oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, and tin oxide NPs. Additionally, the article emphasizes the burgeoning significance of green synthesis methods in tailoring these NPs. The applications section underscores their pivotal role in wastewater treatment, water splitting, and biomedical fields. This targeted resource offers in‐depth insights into MONP synthesis, bridging the gap between traditional and environmentally conscious methodologies, for researchers and practitioners in emerging technologies. In this article, future perspectives are also discussed.
Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA