To estimate the prevalence, associated anomalies, and postnatal outcomes in infants prenatally diagnosed with ventriculomegaly.
We report a case of patient with non-small-cell lung cancer with expression of PD-L1 molecule on 1% of cancer cells, who was treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and, during disease progression, with nivolumab immunotherapy. In the course of immunotherapy our patient developed symptoms of multi-axis hypopituitarism. Pituitary macroadenoma was diagnosed. In differential diagnosis, autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary gland in the course of nivolumab therapy was considered. After pituitary failure symptoms resolved, the immunotherapy was continued, with two-year remission of the disease.
Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, accounting for 1–2% of all sarcomas. The main cause of developing secondary angiosarcoma is radiotherapy. We analysed the case of a 52-year-old woman with breast cancer, who had undergone breast-conserving therapy. Four years after finishing treatment, she was diagnosed with secondary angiosarcoma in the irradiated area. The patient underwent a mastectomy. The disease relapsed six months after the operation in form of local recurrence, as well as liver and lung metastases. The patient’s condition gradually deteriorated despite treatment (chemotherapy and symptomatic management). The patient died due to cardiorespiratory failure nine months after the diagnosis of secondary malignancy.
Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) originating from the ovary are very rare, constituting about 0.52–1.7% of all NETs. Primary carcinoids constitute about 0.1% of ovarian tumours and 0.3% of all carcinoids. They rarely show hormonal activity. They are most often diagnosed post-operatively, based on pathomorphological examination using immunohistochemical methods. Due to the small number of cases, most information on the management of patients with this diagnosis comes from retrospective studies and case reports. This paper presents a case report of a 63-year-old woman who was admitted to the department of surgical gynaecology with the diagnosis of a 15-cm right ovary tumour. Her general condition was poor due to severe respiratory failure and severe tricuspid valve insufficiency. The clinical picture and the performed echocardiographic examination aroused the suspicion of carcinoid heart disease (Hedinger syndrome — a cardiological syndrome of carcinoids). Due to the determination and cooperation of a multidisciplinary medical team, despite a very bad prognosis, the patient underwent surgery. Immediately after the operation, the patient’s condition was critical, but it gradually improved. In the postoperative pathomorphological examination, a highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (grade 1 – G1) was diagnosed at stage IA according to the FIGO classification. The patient was referred to the endocrinology department, where receptor scintigraphy was performed without revealing other tumour changes. The patient did not require adjuvant therapy. Making a decision about surgical treatment of a patient in poor physical condition with a possibly reversible cause of heart failure was the right thing to do, and it allowed her to return to normal physical activity.
Early diagnosis increases life expectancy in HIV-infected patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for HIV testing in newly-diagnosed patients with HIV registered in Lodz, Poland in years 2009-2017. The study examines also whether HIV testing was performed following the recommendation of physicians or at the request of patients.Results: The study group consisted of 401 (83.72%) males and 78 (16.28%) females. The median age at the moment of diagnosis was 33 years (LQ 27-UQ 40). In total, 285 (62.91%) patients were late presenters. Clinical indications constituted the main reason for undergoing HIV testing and were reported in 228 out of 479 patients (47.59%) including AIDS-defining diseases were a reason for HIV testing in 105 patients. Thirty-four patients underwent HIV testing following diagnosis of sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs); in 91.18% of these cases the STDs was syphilis. However, high-risk sexual contact was the main reason for HIV testing in asymptomatic patients (160 of 257 cases; 62.27%). Patients in the non-AIDS group were significantly more likely to take the initiative to order an HIV test than patients in the AIDS group (p<0.0001).Conclusions: In conclusion, in the Lodz region, patients with HIV infection are most commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage of infection. This may be associated with the low number of HIV tests performed following the doctors recommendation.
Early diagnosis increases life expectancy in HIV-infected patients.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for HIV testing in newly-diagnosed patients with HIV registered in Lodz, Poland in years 2009-2017. The study examines also whether HIV testing was performed following the recommendation of physicians or at the request of patients.Results: The study group consisted of 401 (83.72%) males and 78 (16.28%) females. The median age at the moment of diagnosis was 33 years (LQ 27-UQ 40). In total, 285 (62.91%) patients were late presenters. Clinical indications constituted the main reason for undergoing HIV testing and were reported in 228 out of 479 patients (47.59%) including AIDS-defining diseases were a reason for HIV testing in 105 patients. Thirty-four patients underwent HIV testing following diagnosis of sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs); in 91.18% of these cases the STDs was syphilis. However, high-risk sexual contact was the main reason for HIV testing in asymptomatic patients (160 of 257 cases; 62.27%). Patients in the non-AIDS group were significantly more likely to take the initiative to order an HIV test than patients in the AIDS group (p<0.0001).Conclusions: In conclusion, in the Lodz region, patients with HIV infection are most commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage of infection. This may be associated with the low number of HIV tests performed following the doctors recommendation.
This paper aims at the assessment of the status and conditions of employment of foreigners in agriculture, in Poland, in the years 2010-2018. The analysis concerns assessing how the level of employment of foreigners in agriculture has been changing and what considerations determined the direction of such changes. For some years now the employment of foreigners in Poland has lost its marginal nature and is permanently integrated into some industries, mainly Polish agriculture. Agriculture absorbs a significant number of foreigners. Reasons for this phenomenon may be found in formal conditions for obtaining work permits by foreigners, social and economic conditions of agriculture and features of immigrants. The research covers the economic and social conditions for agriculture in Poland. Empirical analysis encompasses reports and data of the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs concerning the number and structure of granted work permits for foreigners, declarations of intention to commission work to foreigners, as well as data of the Centre of Migration Research of Warsaw University. Results of analysis show that the number of employed foreigners was significant in Polish agriculture in the years 2010-2018. Simplification of foreigner employment procedures in the migration policy was assigned to the agricultural industry. Initially, procedures facilitating employment in agriculture should be assessed positively. By 2014, the participation of foreigners employed in agriculture was increasing on a year-to-year basis. It resulted from economic and social conditions for Polish agriculture and personal features of immigrants. After 2014, the participation of employment in agriculture regularly decreased.