Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder with positive and negative symptoms, and insight is involved in its prognosis. Illness management is considered a skill and strategy for patients with some mental disorders. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the illness management effectiveness on the positive and negative symptoms and insight in schizophrenic patients. Materials & Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental, controlled study with a pre-test-posttest design. The study population included all schizophrenic patients admitted to the Shafa Hospital, Guilan Province in the North of Iran, from March 2019 to April 2020. The sample included 30 schizophrenic patients selected using the convenience sampling method and was divided into 2 groups (experimental and control groups), with 15 patients in each group. For data collection, the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms, the scale for the assessment of positive symptoms, and the scale to assess unawareness of mental disorders were used before and after the intervention. Illness management was performed on the experimental group as group therapy. The control group did not undergo any concomitant intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 24 using the univariate analysis of variance in normal distribution and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for the variable which didnchr('39')t follow the normal distribution.. Results: Results indicated that illness management could effectively alleviate the positive and negative symptoms and improve the insight in schizophrenic patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: Illness management was influential on the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, this therapeutic modality can be used as an effective technique in hospitalized schizophrenic patients.
This year is the 50th anniversary of Occupational Therapy (OT) in Iran. This is a hallmark to reflect on our achievements and plan for the future. Iranian OT was established in 1971 in Shafa Rehabilitation Hospital [1]. I can imagine how many people who were the managers facilitating the foundation of the department or those who were overseas occupational therapists were excited at the time. Through their long-term efforts, they established such a great profession that has helped millions of needy people so far. Since then, OT has developed in many ways.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction on fine and gross manual dexterity, upper limb motor function, shoulder and elbow proprioception, occupational performance, and activities of daily living in chronic stroke survivors. Methods: In this pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial, 24 chronic strokes were enrolled using the non-probability sampling method. Participants were randomly allocated to the control (received routine occupational therapy) and intervention (received upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction using the Kinect) groups. Before and after the interventions (six weeks, three sessions/week, 45 min/session), as well as six weeks after completion of interventions, participants were assessed using the following tools: Box-Block Test, Purdue-Pegboard Test, Wolf-Motor Function Test, Action Research Arm Test, Manual Ability Measure-16, Grip Dynamometer, Shoulder Position Sense Test (SPST), Elbow Position Sense Test (EPST), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Shah-Barthel Index (SH-BI), and Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory. This project was carried out in the rehabilitation department of Shafa-Yahyaeian Hospital from May 2019 to June 2020. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in all assessments of both control and intervention groups (P≤0.05), except for SH-BI. Further, the improvement of EPST and SPST scores in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (P≤0.05). Also, a significant decrease in fatigue severity was observed in both control and intervention groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that upper extremity coordination exercises based on fatigue prediction in combination with routine occupational therapy could lead to improvement of upper extremity sensory-motor functions and power grip and caused a decrease in fatigue severity in chronic stroke.
A good inflation rate for a country is an inflation rate that has a low and stable value so that able to realize fast and controlled economic growth. Forecasting can be one of the steps that can provide an overview of the value of inflation in Indonesia for the government or related agencies to formulate and maintain inflation stability in Indonesia. In this study, a forecasting analysis was carried out to determine the prediction of inflation in Indonesia in 2021 using the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) method. From the results of the research that has been done, the best model to predict this case is using the ARMA model (3,0,0) because it produces the smallest AIC value of 0.2373 and the smallest RMSE of 7.81. From this model, the results of forecasting inflation rates for the months of May to December 2021 are also obtained with a range of 0.1% to 0.3%. The graphic pattern of the predicted results follows the actual data line pattern, which means that this model is good to use.AbstrakTingkat inflasi yang baik bagi suatu negara adalah tingkat inflasi yang memiliki nilai yang rendah dan stabil, sehinga mampu mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat dan terkendali. Peramalan dapat menjadi salah satu langkah yang dapat memberikan gambaran nilai inflasi di Indonesia bagi pemerintah atau badan yang terkait untuk menyusun dan mempertahankan kestabilan inflasi di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis peramalan untuk mengetahui prediksi angka inflasi di Indonesia tahun 2021 menggunakan metode Autoregresif Moving Average (ARMA). Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, model terbaik untuk meramalkan kasus ini yaitu menggunakan model ARMA (3,0,0) karena menghasilkan nilai AIC paling kecil yaitu 0.2373 dan RMSE terkecil sebesar 7.81. Dari model tersebut juga didapatkan hasil peramalan angka inflasi untuk bulan Mei hingga Desember 2021 dengan kisaran 0.1% hingga 0.3%. Pola grafik dari hasil prediksi mengikuti pola garis data aktual yang berarti bahwa model ini baik untuk digunakan.
Difficulty in meeting basic food and non-food need measured on the expenditure side is referred to as poverty. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out the poverty group by district/city in West Java Province. This method used is the K-Medoids Clustering algorithm because K-Medoids can handle data that is very sensitive to outliers. The results of the study showed that three groups were obtained, with group one having as many as eight regions, group two having members as many as 15 regions, and group three having members as many as four regions.AbstrakKesulitan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar makanan dan selain makanan diukur berdasarkan sisi pengeluaran disebut sebagai kemiskinan. Sehingga, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui kelompok kemiskinan menurut kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Adapun metode yang digunakan yaitu algoritma K-Medoids Clustering, dikarenakan K-Medoids mampu mengatasi data yang sangat sensitif terhadap outlier. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa diperoleh tiga kelompok, dengan kelompok satu memiliki anggota sebanyak delapan wilayah, kelompok dua memiliki anggota sebanyak yaitu 15 wilayah, dan kelompok tiga memiliki anggota sebanyak empat wilayah.
Diseases that often attack plants are diseases caused by fungal pathogens causing stress such as fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. One alternative to reduce these pathogens is Trichoderma harzianum. This study aims to determine the potential antibiosis antagonist characteristics of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum against several disease-causing pathogens in plants and the class of compounds contained therein.The method used in this research is experimental and descriptive. Experimental research was conducted by testing the fungus Trichoderma harzianum against several pathogenic fungi as an antibiosis. Then proceed to test the class of compounds using a phytochemical test on the filtrate of the secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum. The results of the potential antibiosis antagonist test on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum showed the results of the antibiosis against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and the fungus Alternaria solani, but on the fungus Rhizoctonia solani and the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, the results showed the presence of potential antibiosis followed by competition and parasitism. Inhibition on the seventh day of observation showed results of 79% against Fusarium oxysporum, 69% against Sclerotium rolfsii, 61% against Alternaria solani, and 59% against Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, for the phytochemical test, the filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum fungus showed positive content of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins.
Background: Preeclampsia is one of the factors causing the high maternal mortality rate. The risk of morbidity and mortality is higher in Early Onset Preeclampsia (EOPE). Failure of spiral artery remodeling can cause oxidative stress that can inhibit placental development and increase trophoblast apoptosis. Objective: This study aims to analyze the oxidative stress and apoptosis of EOPE placentas. Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 31 EOPE placentas and 31 normal term placentas were used to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the relative mRNA expression of FOXO3 and CASP3 using the spectrophotometric and RT-qPCR methods. Results: There was no difference in MDA concentration (p = 0.580) and FOXO3 (p = 0.467) and CASP3 (p = 0.243) mRNA expression in the normal and EOPE groups. There was a strong positive correlation between FOXO3 and CASP3 mRNA expression in the normal (p= 0.0001; r = 0.938) and EOPE groups (p = 0.0001; r = 0.855). There was no correlation between MDA concentration to FOXO3 (p = 0.124; r = 0.282) and CASP3 (p = 0.569; r = 0.106) mRNA expression in normal placenta. There was positive correlation between MDA concentration to FOXO3 (p = 0.016; r = 0.429) and CASP3 mRNA expression in EOPE placenta (p = 0.028; r = 0.395). Conclusion: These results indicate that cell integrity is still maintained through the autophagy process and the level of apoptosis in the EOPE placenta is regulated by ROS through FOXO3.
Global Governance encompasses the world’s political activities and the management of issues and phenomena that occurred on a nation-state, involving contributions from regional to the international environment. In the global security sector, there are numerous efforts carried out by a country to counter such external threats that can cause destabilization. Non-proliferation and nuclear developments for peace are such issues of the global defense-security concern. The attempts to control and ensure the use of nuclear has been carried out by enacting international law, resolutions, and multilateral agreements. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is one kind. Influencing the world’s security, politics, and economy, JCPOA began to be disrupted since the U.S. withdrawal as one of the parties that initially signed the agreement. This research aims to analyze The Collapse of Global Governance: When the U.S. Leaves the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). This research used a qualitative method with analysis based on secondary data, validated by the triangulation technique in this qualitative study. The analytical procedure uses secondary data from journals, media, and literature related to the Iran nuclear agreement and previous analyses discussing the U.S. exit from the JCPOA agreement. The analysis technique performs by arranging the data sequence, organizing the data into a pattern, category, and basic description. This research has found that Global Governance has fundamental weaknesses in its application. Through an analysis of the U.S. exit from the Iran nuclear agreement, it can be said that the reins of control are in the hands of the U.S. The Trump administration’s policy on behalf of the U.S. to leave JCPOA to thwart the achievement of Global Governance and significantly affects the multi-national economic, political, and security order. The implementation of Global Governance and the issues also raised based on the interests of the superpowers.
Pertanian menjadi sumber mata pencaharian utama di sebagian masyarakat pedesaan Kabupaten Purwakarta. Daya dukung lahan harus sangat diperhatikan karena berpengaruh dengan keberlangsungan kehidupan dan kesejahteraan manusia. Analisis daya dukung lahan pertanian dapat memecahkan masalah perubahan lahan dan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai perhitungan kebutuhan lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Purwakarta berdasarkan perhitungan proyeksi penduduk 10 tahun ke depan, dengan menggunakan data pada tahun 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Proses pencarian, pengumpulan, dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan dari berbagai sumber terpecaya. Teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk menentukan daya dukung lahan pertanian mengunakan rumus matematika dari konsep gabungan atas teori Odum, Christeiler, Ebener Howard, dan Issard dalam Soeharjo dan Tukiran (1990) dalam Moniaga (2011), perhitungan Jumlah Penduduk Optimal (JPO), dan perhitungan Kebutuhan Lahan Pertanian (KPLR). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Peta KLPR 2028 yang menunjukan hasil tingkat daya dukung lahan yang bervariasi yang disebabkan oleh faktor data luas panen, produksi, dan jumlah penduduk pada tiap kecamatan tergantung pada komoditasnya. Hasil perhitungan jumlah penduduk optimal (JPO) di beberapa kecamatan Kabupaten Purwakarta apabila disesuaikan dengan komoditasnya masih lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan jumlah penduduk yang terdata pada masing-masing kecamatan. Hasil perhitungan kebutuhan lahan pertanian dari perhitungan JPO 2028 dan KPLR 2028 yang menunjukan bahwa kecamatan Jatiluhur, Maniis, Sukatani, Purwakarta, Babakancikako, Campaka, dan Bungursari tidak bisa menjadi wilayah swasembada pangan pada tahun 2028. Sedangkan untuk kecamatan yang lain masih bisa menjadi swasembada pangan untuk 2028 karena kebutuhan masih dapat terpenuhi dari luas lahan panen yang ada