The Physical Model and Numerical Investigation of B‐Equations Based on Quintic Trigonometric B‐Spline Collocation Technique with Finite Difference and Crank‐Nicolson Schemes

Abstract In order to construct physical models of B‐equations, such as nonlinear Camassa–Holm (CH), modified Camassa–Holm (MCH), Degasperis–Procesi (DP), and modified Degasperis–Procesi (MDP) equations that arise in shallow water waves, this paper provides a quintic trigonometric B‐spline function based on collocation and a finite difference scheme. For the spatial and temporal derivatives, discretization is accomplished using the trigonometric B‐spline function of degree five and the finite difference technique, respectively. The approximate results are contrasted with the analytical results and other published methods in the literature. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the method is unconditionally stable with the von Neumann method and accurate to convergence with orderO ( h 4 + ( Δ t ) 2 ) $O h}^4} + Delta t 2 . Four representative examples are provided to show the benefit of the suggested method. For some current physical difficulties, the suggested procedure is considered to be a very reliable alternative.

Environmental Pollution Triggers Inflammation In Vivo and is Associated With Higher Risk MDS in an Urban Cohort

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical and Modal Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Metal Laminates for Aerospace Applications

ABSTRACT This study examines the tensile, axial compression (buckling), flexural, and modal behavior of three aerospace‐grade fiber metal laminates (FMLs): GLARE, CARALL, and a newly developed hybrid laminate (C‐GLARE). All laminates were fabricated using a wet lay‐up process, and their mechanical performance was evaluated following standard testing procedures. Modal characteristics were obtained under cantilever and simply supported boundary conditions, and the results were validated through finite element simulations. The hybrid C‐GLARE laminate exhibited improved damping capacity and flexural strength compared to CARALL, particularly in the 0° fiber orientation. Among the laminates, GLARE showed the highest damping ratio, followed by C‐GLARE and CARALL. The lower lateral tensile performance of carbon/epoxy, as observed in CARALL, was consistent with the experimental findings. Simply supported specimens demonstrated higher natural frequencies due to increased boundary restraint. Overall, the C‐GLARE laminate displayed superior combined mechanical and dynamic performance, indicating its potential suitability for aerospace structural applications, especially in upper fuselage components requiring enhanced strength and vibration damping.

Podocyte Interleukin‐23 Receptor Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis

Objective Up‐regulation of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) in the serum and kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) has been demonstrated, but its effect on podocytes remains unknown. We hypothesized that IL‐23 contributes to podocyte injury and that targeted deletion of IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) in podocytes of lupus‐prone mice can prevent the development of glomerulonephritis. Methods Kidney biopsies were immunostained for IL‐23R. In vitro experiments were conducted using a human podocyte cell line and primary murine podocytes. Human podocytes stimulated with IL‐23 underwent bulk RNA sequencing. The expression of IL‐23R and structure and motility of podocytes were assessed. Podocytes isolated from B6 wild‐type mice injected with a minicircle (MC) encoding IL‐23 were studied. To assess the role of IL‐23R in the development of nephritis, we generated MRL/ lpr mice deficient in podocyte‐specific Il23r who were lupus prone. Results IL‐23R was highly expressed in the glomeruli of patients with LN. IL‐23R expression was also up‐regulated in human podocytes and primary podocytes isolated from B6 mice after IL‐23 stimulation. Human podocytes stimulated with IL‐23 showed decreased expression of synaptopodin and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Mice who were administered with IL‐23 MC mice exhibited a significant increase in the expression of IL‐23R and phosphorylated STAT3 in podocytes. Finally, MRL/ lpr .Podo‐Cre + Il23r fl/fl mice showed decreased clinical and histologic features of LN. Conclusion IL‐23R expression is increased in podocytes from mice and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus. IL‐23 signaling disrupts the cytoskeleton in podocytes and increases their mobility, leading to the development of glomerulonephritis. Podocyte‐specific deletion of Il23r in lupus‐prone mice abrogates the development of LN.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Colorimetric Sensing of Zr 4+ , and Fluorometric Sensing of Cd 2+ , and Biological Application of Tetrahydroquinoxaline‐Capped AgNPs

Abstract Here, we put forth the synthesis, characterization of 2,3‐diphenyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoxaline stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) DTQ@AgNPs by a coprecipitation method. Additionally, Schiff base is employed as an N, N‐donor ligand to regulate the shape of NPs. The effective production and stability of the nanocomposite were validated by extensive morphological (SEM, TEM, and XRD), thermal (TGA and DTG), and spectroscopic (UV–visible, FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence) investigations. DTQ@AgNPs acts as a dual‐mode chemosensor for the sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of Zr⁴⁺ and fluorometric detection of Cd 2 ⁺ ions with detection limits of 0.80 and 0.69 µM, respectively. The successful detection of Cd 2 ⁺ in actual water samples with excellent recovery rates and low relative standard deviations has confirmed the practical application of the suggested sensor DTQ@AgNPs . Furthermore, the fabricated test strips enabled rapid, on‐site colorimetric detection of Zr⁴⁺, demonstrating field‐level usability. The nanocomposite DTQ@AgNPs also displayed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , suggesting promising biomedical relevance. Its significance in biological systems is further supported by the detection of Cd 2 ⁺ in the presence of BSA protein.

Second‐order PD α ‐type iterative learning control for fractional‐order linear time‐delay switched systems with noise

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to introduce a novel second‐order PDα amp;amp;amp;#x0005E;{\alpha } $$ ‐type fractional‐order iterative learning control algorithm for a broad class of fractional‐order linear continuous‐time switched systems with time delay. The convergence of the proposed second‐order PDα amp;amp;amp;#x0005E;{\alpha } $$ ‐type fractional‐order iterative learning control algorithm is analyzed in the absence of external noise. The robustness of the system is examined under bounded measurement noise. The proposed second‐order PDα amp;amp;amp;#x0005E;{\alpha } $$ ‐type fractional‐order iterative learning control algorithm outperforms the first‐order counterpart studied by Zhang and Peng (2020) and classic PD‐type ILC. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Decoding Critical Factors for Sustainable Supply Chain Performance: Insights From Grey ISM and Grey MICMAC Approach

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influential relationship among the key factors of sustainable supply chain performance (SCP), which are green supply chain (GSC), resilient supply chain (RSC), information sharing (INS), big data analytics (BDA), information quality (INQ), and SCP. This research employs a mixed‐method approach, utilizing Grey‐MICMAC and Grey‐ISM techniques to explore the interrelationships among the six important factors. Data was collected from 10 domain experts and evaluated to ascertain the hierarchical relationships among these factors. The Grey‐ISM assesses the interdependence and influence of these essential factors. The analysis indicated that INQ, RSC, and INS exhibit higher driving power, establishing them as essential facilitators in improving SCP. The Grey‐ISM findings highlight that INQ, achieved by INS, is paramount in improving SCP. The Grey MICMAC analysis categorized these elements into four clusters: driving, linking, dependence, and autonomous variables. The findings offer pragmatic direction for managers to enhance supply chain resilience and bolster strategies while also advising policymakers on the necessity of regulatory frameworks that facilitate the integration of essential enablers and sophisticated technology. This study contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated analytical framework, Grey‐ISM and Grey‐MICMAC analysis, establishing a foundation for future research across many industries and regions to investigate the interrelationship among sustainability, technology, and SCP.

Presentation and Outcomes of CNS Tumors Associated With Phakomatoses Syndromes From a Specialized Neuro‐Oncology Practice in India

ABSTRACT Purpose Phakomatoses‐associated primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are therapeutically challenging due to young age of onset, multiple tumors, and prolonged morbidity from long‐term survival. This study evaluated demographics, survival, and prognostic factors of patients with phakomatoses‐associated CNS tumors treated at a specialized neuro‐oncology service in India. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients diagnosed and managed between 2000 and 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Data were retrieved from electronic medical records. Treatment decisions were multidisciplinary and included maximal safe resection, radiation (RT), and systemic therapy as indicated. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis evaluated overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Univariate analyses used the log‐rank test, and multivariate analyses the restricted mean survival time. Results A total of 121 patients were analysed: NF1 (61.2%), NF2 (23.1%), VHL (10.7%), and TSC (5.0%). For NF1, median follow‐up was 36.5 months (95% CI: 1–254); 3‐year PFS and OS were 76.4% (95% CI: 66.5–87.8) and 87.7% (95% CI: 80.1–96.1) respectively. On univariate analysis, NF1 high‐grade glioma patients who did not receive RT had inferior outcomes, though not significant on RMST. For NF2, median follow‐up was 40.5 months (95% CI: 1–199); 5‐year PFS and OS were 37.3% (95% CI: 20.5–68.1) and 100% respectively. For VHL, median follow‐up was 66.5 months (95% CI: 3–426); 5‐year PFS and OS were 77.9% (95% CI: 54.6–100) and 100% respectively. For TSC, median follow‐up was 71 months (95% CI: 1–228); 5‐year PFS and OS were 75% (95% CI: 42.5–100) and 100% respectively. Conclusion Phakomatoses‐associated CNS tumors show promising outcomes with multimodality management. Further research into targeted multimodality treatment is warranted.

Integrative Approach to Elucidate the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq.: A Study Based on Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Animal Models

ABSTRACT Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. (Family‐ Meliaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including diabetes. The present study aimed to validate the antidiabetic efficacy of C. baccifera using both in vitro and in vivo diabetic models, followed by a mechanistic evaluation. UPLC‐Q‐ToF/MS analysis, enzyme inhibition assays, and in silico studies were performed. Cytotoxicity and glucose uptake studies were conducted on MIN6 cell line. qRT‒PCR was carried to assess GLUT4 expression in adipocytes. Immunostaining was performed to examine the differential expression of pancreatic cell subtypes. UPLC‐Q‐ToF/MS analysis identified 93 compounds, of which 18 were further selected for in silico protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. PPI network and pathway enrichment analyses predicted that the PPARG, AKT1, SIRT1, and FOXO1 genes are key regulators in diabetes. The in vitro enzyme inhibition assay revealed significant inhibition by the 70% hydroethanolic extract. The mechanistic study showed notable upregulation of GLUT4 mRNA expression, which also supports the network analysis algorithm. The in vivo study demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c levels in the treated model. Immunostaining revealed significant restoration of insulin and myosin expression. These combined results highlight the potential of C. baccifera as a valuable supplement for diabetes management.

Reaction Kinetics for Dehydrogenation of Decahydroquinoline to Quinoline for Hydrogen Generation

ABSTRACT Catalytic dehydrogenation of decahydroquinoline (DHQ) to quinoline is a promising pathway for hydrogen release in liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems. In this work, solvent‐free DHQ dehydrogenation over Pd/Al 2 O 3 is systematically investigated to evaluate hydrogen release performance and reaction kinetics. High DHQ conversion (83.9%) and degree of dehydrogenation (82.7%) are achieved at optimal reaction conditions. A power‐law kinetic model based on a simplified reaction mechanism is developed and simulated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach for estimation of rate constants and validation of concentration profiles with experimental data. The apparent activation energies are determined to be 45.85 kJ/mol for DHQ to 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline (bz‐THQ) and 185.43 kJ/mol for bz‐THQ to quinoline formation, identifying latter as the rate‐limiting step. This framework provides mechanistic insight and supports the potential of DHQ as an efficient hydrogen carrier.